Nissan Network Masters Degree Final Project

1James PizzatoFinal Project

February 26, 2012

Nissan North America

Table of ContentsAbout Nissan Motor Company (Aspect 1)..................................................................................................2

Application Requirements (Aspect 2)..........................................................................................................7

Local Area Network (Aspect 3)...................................................................................................................9

Backbone Network Design (Aspect 4)......................................................................................................15

Wide Area Network (Aspect 5).................................................................................................................20

Exceeding Expectations.............................................................................................................................25


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About Nissan Motor CompanyNissan Motor Company began in 1933 in Japan. It started selling vehicles primarily

under the Datsun name up until 1986. Nissan Motor Company sells vehicles products and service in 120 different countries, and manufactures vehicles in 20 countries. Nissan is the second largest auto manufactured in Japan, close behind Toyota, and has been a major influence in the North American market.

Nissan North AmericaNissan North America began in 1960 and produced its first manufacturing plant in the

early 1980’s in Smyrna, Tennessee. Nissan North America now has three manufacturing plants in the USA as well as a headquarters and multiple support buildings. In Canada, Nissan has a headquarters and finance office. In Mexico, Nissan has four production plants and a distribution facility.

Nissan USA Nissan USA is headquartered in Franklin, Tennessee and coordinates all operations for

Canada and Mexico’s offices. The Unites States has three manufacturing plants which produce 9 different Nissan models. The USA also houses a data center which helps maintain networking connections between Nissan North America and Japan. The data center employs 80 personnel who are in charge of maintaining a secure and stable network connection with the corporate offices in Europe and Japan. One of Nissans design centers is located in San Diego, CA, and as the name implies, they are responsible for the design of vehicles primarily for the North American Market. They employ 50 people, mainly engineers and graphic designers. Their network data center allows them to communicate with the Nissan Technical Center in Farmington Michigan to create the top quality design vehicles aimed at North American customers. Because they are more remote they have a small tech center to help maintain network communication with the corporate offices in Tennessee and Tech Center in Michigan.

Nissan Canada Nissan Canada is responsible for distributing vehicles to Nissan’s 148 Canadian

dealerships as well as supplying parts. Nissans Finance building primarily deals with providing financial solutions to Canadian buyers as well as training dealers. Nissan Canada employs 600 people.

Nissan Mexico

Nissan Mexico has a headquarters and four vehicle and parts manufacturing plants. They provide and distribute parts to Mexico and the rest of the world. Their headquarters employs 1,000 people and have direct communication to the Nissan North America headquarters.


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Nissan North AmericaThe map below shows the network of major buildings for the Nissan North America and Japan.

PinPoint Address City State Zip code NameA One Nissan Way Franklin TN 37067 Nissan North America HeadquartersB 106 Inverness Circle East Englewood CO 80112 Nissan Data Center C 983 Nissan Drive Smyrna TN 37167 Nissan Logistics Center

D 983 Nissan Drive Smyrna TN 37167

Nissan US Manufacturing (Nissan Maxima, Nissan Xterra, Nissan Frontier and Nissan

Pathfinder)E 983 Nissan Drive Smyrna TN 37167 Nissan Sales OfficeF 9800 Campus Point Drive San Diego CA 92121 Nissan Design America

G 39001 Sunrise DriveFarmington

Hills MI 48331Nissan Technical Center North America

HNishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa

220-8686, JapanNissan Headquarters Japan

I 5290 Orbitor Drive Mississauga ON L4W 5M6 Nissan Canada Head Quarters

J 5290 Orbitor Drive Mississauga ON L4W 5M6Nissan Canada Finance

KInsurgentes Sur 1958, Florida, Alvaro

Obregon, 01030Mexico

D.F. MexicoNissan Mexico Headquarters


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Nissan North AmericaWAN Distance Chart

Distance in Miles From/To Each Destination


Headquarters

Nissan Data

Center

Nissan Logisitcs Center

Nissan Design

America

Nissan Technical Center North

America

Nissan Headquarters

Japan

Nissan Canada Head Quarters

Nissan Mexico Headquarters

Nissan North America Headquarters 0 1000 20 1750 500 7500 750 1600Nissan Data Center 1000 0 1010 830 1150 7456 1300 1450

Nissan Logisitcs Center 20 1010 0 1750 500 7600 650 2000Nissan Design America 1750 830 1750 0 2300 5900 2150 1500

Nissan Technical Center North America 500 1150 500 2300 0 7600 250 1950Nissan Headquarters Japan 7500 7456 7600 5900 7600 0 7800 7450

Nissan Canada Head Quarters 750 1300 650 2150 250 7800 0 2250Nissan Mexico Headquarters 1600 1450 2000 1500 1950 7450 2250


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Nissan North AmericaNissan Sales Office Layout and Sizing


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Nissan North AmericaNissan Design Center

Building Size Floors Personnel ComputersVideo Conferencing

Nissan Sales Office 40ft W x 80ft L 3 40 30 1Nissan Design Center 70ft W x 50ft L 3 50 40 1


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Nissan North AmericaApplication Requirements

Need for Communication

Nissan North America is the largest branch of Nissan Motor Company, spread out across three countries and 5 states in the US. With the main headquarters being over 7,000 miles away, in Japan, it is that much harder to stay on top of company changes and big events. The need for an optimal, real time communication application presents itself.

Microsoft Lync is a new program which combines the most common communication applications into one. It gives employees the ability to make presentations, chat, instant message and call from anywhere internet is accessible. Microsoft Lync provides instant messaging, group chatting, video conferencing, and can also incorporate a mobile application for cell phones and VOIP.

Using Microsoft Lync, Nissan employees will now be able to communicate with anyone in the world who is connected, using their very own secure VPN. Executives can keep up to speed with Headquarters in Japan, with live meetings. The Design Center in San Diego, CA will be able to instantly present vehicle design ideas to the Technical Research Center in Michigan.

The program will increase production and help standardize the way Nissan does business around the world.

Use-Case

A typical Nissan Design Center employee will login to the Nissan VPN from their office or home internet connection, and connect to Microsoft Lync installed on the network. From there they can connect through to their points of contacts at the Nissan Technical Research Center and see who is available online to chat. They can then begin chatting about ideas and brainstorming new vehicles and exchanging ideas, or making real time business decisions.

Incorporating It into the Network

With the program being provided over the VPN, Nissan Employees will be able to use the program over any internet connection, through a virtual private network tunnel. The Nissan Data Center in Denver, CO maintains all Lync servers and web servers which provide the VPN and the Lync application to all Nissan employees. That being said, the VPN will be using a client-server design with n-tier architecture to run the Lync server application and run the software for the clients. A 3-tiered application architecture provides greater security to the clients and the servers, as well as providing a larger network fast streaming video, and instant messaging across the VPN.


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Nissan North AmericaBit Rate Calculations

Video Conferencing

b= number of clients in conference * bandwidth rate per client

b=100*2Mb/min so b=200Mb/min

Instant Messaging w/ Data Sharing

b = messages_per_minute * number of users * ((average_number_of_words_per_msg * average_number_of_chars_per_word * bits_per_char) + (average_number_of_attachments * average_size_of_appplication_in_bits))

b=1000*300*((6*4*4)+(10*2000000))= 60Gb/min or 1Gb/s

Response Time

Because the communication media is instant/ streaming, response time varies with the network traffic at the time of the media usage. The video conferencing ability uses a qos protocol which allows it to maintain high quality video during important meetings. The instant messaging is less demanding and less crucial in the area of speed, so it does sacrifice some when others are using streaming video. Below is the most average latency found during peak usage.

Latency

Building Peak Active usersDistance from Data Center (in miles)

Average delivery time

Nissan North America Headquarters 400 1000 53msNissan Data Center 50 0 5ms

Nissan Logistics Center 150 1010 50msNissan US Manufacturing (Nissan

Maxima, Nissan Xterra, Nissan Frontier and Nissan Pathfinder)

80 1030 60ms

Nissan Sales Office 12 1015 65msNissan Design America 13 830 45ms

Nissan Technical Center North America 100 1150 80msNissan Canada Headquarters 130 1300 90ms

Nissan Canada Finance 80 1300 90msNissan Mexico Headquarters 350 1450 120ms

Total Peak Users Average delivery time

Total 1365 66ms


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Nissan North AmericaLocal Area Network

LAN-Nissan Design Center- San Diego, CA

The Nissan Design Center uses one 24 port switch per floor connecting all clients and devices into a star topology. The system uses 100Base-SX fiber optic cabling to allow for growth in speed and to maintain efficiency.

The first floor of the building is where the servers are located. There are three multipurpose servers that together act as one megaserver. They perform web, file, mail and data server duties together. This helps reduce the bogging dedicated servers produce when many clients are requesting the same information. Within the servers are network managing software to monitor all traffic and security. Also within the server room is a content server. This decreases load on the web server by caching content that is commonly accessed by personnel and providing faster response times to internet related activities. Since Nissan’s VPN is over the internet, users must access the internet daily to login to the network. Having these managers in place along with the proper speed cabling allows for maximum throughput to all members. Also on this floor is two 802.11n wireless access points. They are limited in range to just the first floor but allow for mobile access throughout the floor. They are secured via WPA2 encryption.

The second floor is the main offices. There are 8 clients, 3 wireless 802.11n access points, 1 24-port switch and a single printer/fax. The switch on this floor directly connects to all network appliances on the floor as well as the backbone for the building. This gives access to the servers, but keeps employees on that floor isolated from the rest of the buildings LAN’s. 100Base-SX fiber optic cabling is provided on this floor as well to allow for maximum speed. Since the users on this floor deal mostly with bandwidth hungry design software and communication software, such as instant messaging and video calling, the extra speed and mobility throughout the office is very necessary. To meet this need there are three wireless access points as well as fast Ethernet wired capability. This allows for maximum creativity as the employees do no need to be bolted down to their cubicle to access the network when an idea strikes and they can share their ideas almost immediately via Instant messaging of video calling.


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LAN -Nissan Sales Office – Smyrna, TN

The Nissan Sales office is one of the main sales sites for Nissan North America. It is located near the main production plant and Nissans Logistics center. Since the Sales office needs to be in constant contact with the corporate offices as well as the Logistics center and dealers throughout the Nissan network, bandwidth maximization is essential.

The first floor of the Sales office houses the help desk for the buildings LAN network manager and also the secretary who grants personnel access to the rest of the building. The network manager’s office requires direct access to all of the network’s activity so that they may fix any network related issues. Their computer needs to be fast, and have fast connection to network as well. This is accomplished by using fiber optic 100Base-SX cabling. Wireless is not used due to security reasons.

The top floor is another very bandwidth hungry LAN. The boss is on this floor as well as the videoconferencing room. The boss’s computer will need to have videoconferencing available in addition to the conference room. The network will contain one switch connecting all devices in the LAN and that will connect to the backbone network for the building. There is also 3 wireless 802.11n access points placed on the floor to allow maximum bandwidth availability and use of mobile devices. The wireless access points are protected via WPA2 encryption.


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Backbone Network Design

The Nissan Logistics campus network consists of the Main Manufacturing plant, the Logistics center and the Sales office. These three buildings are in constant contact with corporate offices and with each other. It is important for the Logistics center to maintain constant contact with the Manufacturing plant and Sales office in order to coordinate and order new parts and from the various manufacturing plants throughout the world. This makes communication the most important application for these buildings. The campus will use a hybrid backbone using both switches and a router for data managing. There will be, however, more switches to include 3 layer 3 switches.

The Sales office has three switches, one on each floor. This forms the buildings distribution backbone. The three switches all connect into one layer 3 switch which allows routing throughout the building. The layer 3 switch also connects the building into the campus ring. Since communication between the networks is most important, all cables throughout the building will be fiber optic 1000base-SX cables. This provides 1Gbps throughput for the entire network, which is ample speed for communicating via video conferencing and instant messaging.

The Logistics center is also the data center for the campus. It houses the servers and the router to the Nissan virtual private network and intranet. Because this building is the focal point


February 26, 2012

Nissan North Americafor all traffic going to/from the VPN, as well as traffic for the campus, it will have gigabit Ethernet as well using the same 1000base-SX cables. The data center at the very bottom of the building will house a server stack encompassing the web, file, mail, and content servers. It will also have two 24 port rack switches to help manage the 6 LAN’s on the three floors above.

The Manufacturing plant will have five different LANs on its backbone. The distribution layer will have 5 gigabit Ethernet switches all leading into a single layer 3 switch. The layer switch will connect to the campus ring via 1000base-LX fiber optic cables.

The distance between the Manufacturing plant and the Sales office is 1200 feet, so using a 1000base-SX fiber cable wouldn’t be the best choice since its max effective range is only 755 feet. One upgrade from the SX gigabit Ethernet cables is the 1000base-LX cables which have the same throughput as the 1000base-SX (1Gbps), but can transmit over 1700 feet. Connecting the other two building however in the campus can use the SX cables because the distance between each is less than 1000ft.

Nissan Logistics Campus


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Backbone Network- Nissan Sales Office


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Nissan North AmericaBackbone Network- Nissan Logistics Center (Campus Data Center)


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Nissan North AmericaBackbone Network-Nissan Manufacturing Plant


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Wide Area NetworkNissan North America’s wide area network spans across three countries, not including

the main headquarters in Japan, and over 5,000 miles. The Nissan data center in Colorado, maintains all data going through the network. It also maintains all VPN services to the remote locations and users as well, over the internet. Nissan North America WAN is a star topology with all main metropolitan networks and campuses connecting into the data center.

Connecting the WAN

All data between the data center and the main campus buildings or smaller data centers operates via 10Gb Ethernet WAN PHY connections. The speed of this connection allows for the highest possible service of all the application requirements of Nissan. The Nissan Main headquarters MAN uses a WAN PHY 10Gb Ethernet ring to connect the main building in the MAN. Nissan also has a VPN which is available to all buildings in the WAN and all remote users that have permissions to access it. This is all done over an internet connection.

Securing the WAN and MANs

Nissan’s need for a secure system starts at the data center. Each Ethernet connection going to the respective buildings in the WAN has an application, packet and NAT firewall on each side of the connection. Also included is an intrusion prevention system, IPS, which helps further secure the connections in the WAN. The VPN contains the same setup. Since users will be able to access the VPN via any remote internet connection, securing the data over this circuit is crucial. All users on the VPN and the Nissan WAN need authentication using a PKI certificate. When remote users connect to the VPN, their computer is scanned by the server to verify the computer being used to connect to the VPN is safe to establish the connection. The scan involves checking signatures for antivirus software and for up to date security patches that the system needs.

Nissan VPN

Nissan’s Virtual Private Network offers Nissans vital business applications from any internet link. All remote users are issued a VPN ready laptop. The VPN data servers are located at the Nissan Data Center in Colorado. All tunneling through the VPN must travel through the Data Center for processing. The VPN distributes the companies’ intranet and allows remote use the Lync application for communication. All connectivity is monitored via the Data Center and all users must login to the VPN to establish the connection. The firewall from the data center verifies which packets are being sent/received from Remote office locations or from


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Nissan North Americaindividual users. If it determines the connection is from an individual user it scans the remote computer for required security patches and software before the full duplex connection made.

Managing the Network

Maintaining a network of such a large size is very difficult. Most of the larger campuses have servers in their building and there is a data center supplying necessary information to the VPN and the WAN campuses. The data center is manned 24/7 by at least two troubleshooters and 50 IT experts. The troubleshooters maintain all servers and ensure all are fully operational. They also designed and implement a backup procedure should the site experience any disaster. This procedure is mandatory for all campuses to simulate once a month. There are IT experts at each campus containing servers as well as troubleshooters and network managers. They help secure and maintain network readiness at each location.

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Final Project Aspect 11/27/2012


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Nissan North AmericaNissan Main HQ MAN

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Nissan North AmericaNissan VPN Network Diagram

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Nissan North AmericaExceeding Expectations

WAN Peak Data Usage

Part of determining the overall necessary circuitry requirements, Nissan IT experts performed a test using network monitoring software to determine how much data was being moved through the Data Center. During the peak usage the experts broke down the data to see how much data was being used per minute, based on the campuses location. The chart below shows this data. Based on the data usage, IT experts determined that this high demand of data throughput required efficient circuitry to interconnect the WAN; therefore they went with 10Gb Ethernet which provides 1Gbps of bandwidth over fiber cables.

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Nissan North AmericaNissan WAN Data Usage and Latency

Building Total Connections Peak Active

users

Total Peak Data

Usage/min

Distance from Data Center (in miles)


Nissan North America Headquarters 1300 400 40Gb 1000 53msNissan Data Center 80 50 5Gb 0 5ms

Nissan Logistics Center 400 150 15Gb 1010 50msNissan US Manufacturing (Nissan

Maxima, Nissan Xterra, Nissan Frontier and Nissan Pathfinder)

100 80 8Gb 1030 60ms

Nissan Sales Office 30 12 1.2Gb 1015 65msNissan Design America 50 13 1.3Gb 830 45ms

Nissan Technical Center North America 300 100 10Gb 1150 80msNissan Canada Headquarters 400 130 13Gb 1300 90ms

Nissan Canada Finance 200 80 8Gb 1300 90msNissan Mexico Headquarters 1000 350 35Gb 1450 120ms

Total

Connections Total Peak

Users

Total Peak Data

Usage/min


Total 3860 1365 136.5Gb 66ms

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Data Center Main Floor Office Layout and LAN

The Data Center is the counter for all data going to and from the network. It is composed of IT experts, Security Managers, Troubleshooters and other networking positions. Employees must man the center 24/7. IT experts and Security Managers are on the Main floor. Their main jobs are to secure, monitor and maintain network access for Nissan. Troubleshooters have offices below the main floor, near the server farm for quick service, should anything go wrong with a server, router or switch. The server farm is below the main floor, in the basement, for extra security. In addition, employees and any visitors must go through a security checkpoint prior to entering and exiting the building.

Data Centers LAN

The network in the data center is a little different than the rest of the buildings, in that it processes much more information as well as supplies all data over the Nissan network. For this reason, the network must have means for supplying the highest possible quality of services to all campuses within the WAN and VPN. All cables that run to the servers are 1000base-SX fiber optic cabling providing 1Gbps throughput. The Main floor has three LANs. Each LAN uses 100base-SX fiber optic cabling. The switches to each LAN are maintained in the server farm, to keep things organized. All switches are wired for redundancy and connect all servers and LANs in the building. There are three routers which exit the building to the Nissan WAN providing a preventive control, should one of the routers go down. There are two VPN routers as well for this same reason. Firewalls placed on the exiting side of the routers provide secure Ip address to the servers. Within the building the servers are setup with added application firewalls to maintain continuity. The server farm houses all the servers for the network. For added security there are 4 proxy servers as well as intrusion detection software.

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Nissan North AmericaData Center- Main Floor Layout

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Nissan North AmericaData Center- Basement Layout

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Nissan Network Masters Degree Final Project

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