NINE CHALLENGES OF THE 21 ST CENTURY THAT WILL HAVE GLOBAL BENEFIT WHEN WE MEET THEM Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia,

NINE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY THAT WILL HAVE GLOBAL BENEFIT WHEN WE MEET THEM

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

OUR WORLD IS AT SERIOUS RISK

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•NATURAL HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY/RECONSTR.

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

DISASTER RESILIENCEPRE- AND POST-DISASTER

ASSESSMENTSRENEWING INFRASTRUCTUREPROTECTING CYBER SPACE

DISASTER RESILIENCE

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you make people, buildings, and infrastructure disaster resilient in communities that are known to be at high risk from floods, severe windstorms, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires?

PRE- AND POST-DISASTER ASSESSMENTS

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you use computer and information technology to create realistic pre-event disaster scenarios and post-disaster assessments for use in educational surges, recovery and reconstruction, and policies?

RENEWING COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you renew aging, increasingly vulnerable community infrastructure while simultaneously maintaining and/or improving the environmental balance?

CYBER SPACE

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you protect the global information infrastructure from identity theft, viruses, and other threats while sustaining a timely flow of high-quality data?

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

SOIL AMPLIFICATION

PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND

FAILURE)

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP

POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES

TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS

INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP

VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS

FLOODING

INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION

PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURE & CONTENTS: DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS

STORM SURGE

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS

FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

LATERAL BLAST

VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

FLYING DEBRIS

VOLCANIC ASH

LAVA FLOWS

LAHARS

TOXIC GASES

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES

LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS

SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS

PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING

GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

LIGHTNING STRIKES

WILDFIRESWILDFIRES

MANMADE FIRES

PROXIMITY OF URBAN AREA TO WILDLANDS INTERFACE

WIND DIRECTION (DAY AND NIGHT)

DRYNESS

HIGH TEMPERATURES

FUEL SUPPLY

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION

DROUGHTS DROUGHTS

LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE

LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER

LOSS OF VEGETATION

INSECT INFESTATION

LOSS OF LAND FROM DESERTIFICATION

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

HEALTHCARENEW MEDICINESCLEAN WATER

TO BE ELABORATED SEPARATELY

HEALTHCARE

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you identify the specific factors behind wellness and illness, and follow through on them to realize the global promise of healthcare?

NEW MEDICINES

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you find new treatments for age-old scourges such as malaria and the emerging diseases?

CLEAN WATER

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you increase the precious and relatively short supply of clean water for personal use and irrigation in all areas of the world?

CARBON SEQUESTRATION SOLAR ENERGY

TO BE ELABORATED SEPARATELY

INCREASING THE BENEFIT/COST OF SOLAR ENERGY

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you convert and store the power of sunshine at a cost competitive with fossil fuels?

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

• THE CHALLENGE: How do you capture the carbon dioxide produced from fossil-fuel burning, and confine the excess carbon underground?