Niken Sakuntaladewi, Meine van Noordwijk, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Meine van Noordwijk, Fahmuddin Agus, Elok Mulyoutami Fahmuddin Agus, Elok Mulyoutami The 2 nd World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24 – 28 August 2009 “Agroforestry – The Future of Global Land Use” Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Department of Forestry Indonesia
14
Embed
Niken Sakuntaladewi , Meine van Noordwijk , Fahmuddin Agus , Elok Mulyoutami
The 2 nd World Congress of Agroforestry Nairobi, 24 – 28 August 2009 “Agroforestry – The Future of Global Land Use”. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Department of Forestry Indonesia. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Niken Sakuntaladewi, Meine van Noordwijk, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Meine van Noordwijk,
Definition: land that is cleared of woody vegetation for temporary production of staple food crops mixed w/ other annual trees and or perennials useful for local use and/or markets.
Characteristics: alternate food crops and perennial/annual vegetation, temporary production of staple food crops, fallow period.
d: diameter; h:heighSource: Made Hesti Lestari Tata, 2008
SWIDDEN CULTIVATIONResearch findings
• Dynamic system• Has continued technological innovation and further adaption• Has economic rational in returns to labor• Provides/can be environmentally sound• Culturally accepted
(Fox. 2000, Mertz. 2000, Noordwijk et al. 2008, Nugraha. 2005, Palm et al. 2005, Tomich et al. 1999)
Tembawang Oil Palm
Paddy rice
Oil palm & paddy rice
Tembawang
SWIDDEN CULTIVATION IN REDD SCHEME
Decreasing C-Stock(Increasing C-emission)
Neutral for C-Stock Increasing C-Stock (Reduced Emission)
State Forest Swidden
Forest (international defn.)
REDD
REDD +
Shorter cycleLonger cycle infallow rotation AFPermanent AF
Forest (International Definition for Kyoto protocol under UNFCCC): 1) Tree crown cover (10-30%), tree height (2-5 m), 2) but this is potential rather than actual, 3) ‘temporarily unstocked forest’ is still forest as long as trees are expected to grow
Swidden agriculture & its dynamics in scheme REDD
THE CONCERN ~ SWIDDEN AGRICULTURE
GOVERNMENTDriver of deforestationBackward agricultural practice &
cultureNo support for economic growthSmoke (from burning) affect health,
hinders sosec. actv., affect relationship w/ neigboring countries
No adm. boundary difficult for the GoI to plan for national development
Not suitable for current condition
permanent cultivation
SWIDDENERS• Fallow improve soil fertility• Burning cheap techn. for land preparation. • Fulfill (part of) the family needs• Involved local knowledge/wisdom• Customary boundary
Smoke was never a problem, before, why now?
Is there any agric. practice that brings the soil fertility back at a low cost?
Swidden Cultivation ~ Timber Plantation
Not natural and not permanent forest Tree cover Deforestation and degradation ~ qualitative
term
INDONESIA FORESTRY & REDDAn Overview
Adm.required HKm/PP
Customary forest
Private Forest
Village Forest
Copy of Ministerial Decree (permit for HKm/PP or a manager for Cust.Forest)
V V
Recom. from loc. govt. to implement REDD
V V V V
Land certificate or paper from local govt. indicating land ownership/manager
V Offc. paper ~ manager VF
Fulfill govt. criteria for REDD location**) V V V V
Have a plan to implement REDD V V V V
• Forest defn: an ecosystem within a landscape dominated by trees•Location for REDD (~ swidden): HKm area; people plantations area; customary forest; private forest; village forest•REDD implementer: managers /owners/permit holders of the above REDD locations
Ministerial Decree no. 30 year 2009 on REDD
**) data and information of forest area & C-stock; bio-physic & ecology; threat to forest resources; socio-econ & culture; economic feasibility; governance
SWIDDEN IN REDD SCHEME:SOME CHALLENGES
• Swiddening is not a driver of deforestation (~International forest definition & scope of REDD), but forest institutions do not interpret it this way
• It is important not only to concentrates on sustainable forest
management but also sustainable livelihood side
• It requires a landscape-scale assessment rather than focus on ‘forest’ for intensifying agriculture and short-cycle tree plantations in one part of the landscape and increasing management cycle lengths (extensifying forest management) elsewhere can contribute to overall emission reduction
SWIDDEN IN REDD SCHEME:SOME CHALLENGES
• The voice and perceptions of local stakeholders involved in swiddens and its alternatives need to be heard. The strong perceptions and values of dominant ‘public/policy ecological knowledge’ prevent a fact-based approach
• Current implementation procedures for REDD in Indonesia focus on forest management and planning procedures that are difficult to achieve for local stakeholders. A stronger focus on outcome-base approaches and less reliance on input-planning is needed to bring local stakeholders on board.