www.studymafia.org A Seminar report On NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: www.studymafia.org www.studymafia.org
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www.studymafia.org
A
Seminar report
On
NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
www.studymafia.org www.studymafia.org
www.studymafia.org
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank respected Mr…….. and Mr. ……..for giving me such a wonderful
opportunity to expand my knowledge for my own branch and giving me guidelines to present a
seminar report. It helped me a lot to realize of what we study for.
Secondly, I would like to thank my parents who patiently helped me as i went through my work
and helped to modify and eliminate some of the irrelevant or un-necessary stuffs.
Thirdly, I would like to thank my friends who helped me to make my work more organized and
well-stacked till the end.
Next, I would thank Microsoft for developing such a wonderful tool like MS Word. It helped my
work a lot to remain error-free.
Last but clearly not the least, I would thank The Almighty for giving me strength to complete my
report on time.
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Preface
I have made this report file on the topic NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY; I have tried my
best to elucidate all the relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report. While in the
beginning I have tried to give a general view about this topic.
My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each and everyone has ended on a successful
note. I express my sincere gratitude to …………..who assisting me throughout the preparation
of this topic. I thank him for providing me the reinforcement, confidence and most importantly
the track for the topic whenever I needed it.
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1. INTRODUCTION: NIGHT VISION TECHNOLOGY
2. TYPES OF NIGHT VISION
3. INFRARED LIGHT
4. ATOM
5. THERMAL IMAGING
6. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
7. GENERATIONS
8. NIGHT VISION EQUIPMENT
9. NIGHT VISION EQUIPMENTS
10. APPLICATIONS
11. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIGHT VISION
12. CONCLUSION
13. REFRENCE
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INTRODUCTION
Night vision technology, by definition, literally allows one to see in the dark. Originally
developed for military use, it has provided the United States with a strategic military advantage,
the value of which can be measured in lives.
Federal and state agencies now routinely utilize the technology for site security, surveillance as
well as search and rescue. Night vision equipment has evolved from bulky optical instruments in
lightweight goggles through the advancement of image intensification technology.
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TYPES OF NIGHT VISION
Night Vision technology is a term that presently encompasses three distinct technologies.
The first night vision equipment was developed during the Korean War. Now sometimes referred
to as generation-zero, this equipment employed image converter technology to transform infrared
to visible light. The equipment operated in an active mode in that it required the subject of
observation to be illuminated with an infrared light source. Lasers and filtered flashlights were
utilized for this purpose. Resolution of the detector was constrained by the available processing
technology at the time, limiting practical military engagement distances to within a few hundred
meters. This active system also had the drawback of being easily detected by others with viewing
equipment.
The subsequent principal technological development for night vision is thermal imaging. Thermal imagers are passive systems that respond to available infrared light at wavelengths in
the 8-12 micrometer range. These wavelengths are readily emitted by all blooded animals as well
as soil and plant life, warmed during the daytime hours. Infrared light is thus generated and
available continuously, during both the day and night, so that these viewers have the distinction
of performing equally well in both environmental lighting extremes.
The vast majority of night vision equipment and what most people think of when the are
referring to ``Night Vision'' are devices that utilize image intensification technology. These
devices are presently in their third development phase. They are passive devices that operate
using naturally available light. Incoming light is converted to electrons, which are amplified and
converted back into visible light.
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HOW NIGHT VISION WORKS
The first thing you probably think of when you see the words night vision is a spy or action
movie you've seen, in which someone straps on a pair of night-vision goggles to find someone
else in a dark building on a moonless night. And you may have wondered "Do those things really
work? Can you actually see in the dark?"
The answer is most definitely yes. With the proper night-vision equipment, you can see a person
standing over 200 yards (183 m) away on a moonless, cloudy night! Night vision can work in
two very different ways, depending on the technology used.
Image enhancement - This works by collecting the tiny amounts of light, including
the lower portion of the infrared light spectrum, that are present but may be
imperceptible to our eyes, and amplifying it to the point that we can easily observe the
image.
Thermal imaging - This technology operates by capturing the upper portion of the
infrared light spectrum, which is emitted as heat by objects instead of simply reflected
as light. Hotter objects, such as warm bodies, emit more of this light than cooler
objects like trees or buildings.
In this article, you will learn about the two major night-vision technologies. We'll also discuss
the various types of night-vision equipment and applications. But first, let's talk about infrared
light.
Infrared Light
In order to understand night vision, it is important to understand something about light. The
amount of energy in a light wave is related to its wavelength: Shorter wavelengths have higher
energy. Of visible light, violet has the most energy, and red has the least. Just next to the visible
light spectrum is the infrared spectrum.
Infrared light is a small part of the light spectrum.
Infrared light can be split into three categories:
Near-infrared (near-IR) - Closest to visible light, near-IR has wavelengths that range
from 0.7 to 1.3 microns, or 700 billionths to 1,300 billionths of a meter.