Nidhi ppt

BIOCHIPS

NIDHI C. SHETTY4SF10EC063

EC ‘B’

ContentsIntroductionHistoryBiochip implantComponents of BiochipsWorkingApplicationsAdvantagesDisadvantagesConclusionsReferences

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Introduction “Biochips”-The most exciting future technology is an

outcome of the fields of Electronics and Biology. A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged

on a solid substrate.It permits many tests to be performed at the same time in

order to achieve higher throughput speed. Like a computer chip that can perform millions of

mathematical operations in one second, a biochip can perform thousands of biological reactions.

It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering PINs, Passwords, and Social security numbers

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HistoryBiochip started with early work on the sensor technology.One of the first portable, chemistry-based sensors was

the glass ph electrode, invented in 1922 by Hughes.The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983.It was used for monitoring fisheries.Now it includes over 300 zoos, over 80 government

agencies in at least 20 countries.

BIOCHIP IMPLANT• Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin.• Injection is safe and simple.• Anesthesia is not required.• Usually injected behind the neck.

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Size of BiochipThe size of Biochip is of a size of an uncooked rice grain

size.

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Components of BiochipThe biochip implant system consists of mainly

two components.

The transponder

The reader

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The biochip transponder consists of four parts:

Computer Microchip

Tuning Capacitor

Antenna Coil

Glass Capsule

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TransponderThe transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponderThe passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to

wear out.It has a very long life, up to 99 years and no maintenance

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MicrochipIt stores unique identification number 10 to 15 digits

long.ID number is encoded onto the surface of the microchip.Not possible to alter the number.It contains electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the

signals to the reader.

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Antenna coilA simple coil of copper wire around ferrite coreThis tiny radio antenna receives and sends signals from

the reader

NMAM Institute of Technology 12

Tuning capacitorThe capacitor stores the small electrical

charge sent by the reader, which activates the transponder.

This activation allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip.

The radio waves are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader

The capacitor is tuned to the same frequency as the reader

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Glass capsuleThe glass capsule houses the microchip, antenna coil and

capacitor. It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in

length and 2 mm in diameter.(about the size of an uncooked grain of rice).

The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass.

After assembly, the capsule is air-tight sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside.

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InsertionThe biochip is inserted into the subject with a

hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common

vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind

the neck between the shoulder blades.

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ReaderThe reader consists of an exciter coil and receiver coil.

Exciter coil creates an electromagnetic field.Through the radio signals it provides the necessary

energy to excite or activate the implanted biochip.

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WorkingThe biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID)

system.Uses low frequency radio signals to communicate between

the biochip and reader. The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in

this case via radio signals , which activates the implanted biochip.

This activation enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals.

The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display.

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ApplicationsWith a biochip tracing of a person or animal, anywhere in

the world is possible.A biochip can store and update financial, medical,

basically everything about a person.A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems.Medical implementations such as Glucose detector, Oxygen sensor and Blood pressure sensor.Infectious diseases like HIV , TB and malaria can be

detected.Biochip is used to detect Cancer Symptoms.

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AdvantagesSmall in size-Portable.Saves energy so it can be used for long term usage.Rescues the sick.Helps in finding lost people.Identifies each person uniquely.Increases the speed of diagnosis.

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DisadvantagesCost is high.Once the number is encoded it is impossible

to alter.Standardization is required.

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ConclusionsBiochips are likely to have a significant business in future.A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might

serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, etc

No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling.

A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power.

The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now.

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References “Biochips-The IC of Biology” DTU Infomatics , Technical University of

Denmark , IEEE Journal-January 2012 “Advanced Biochip”G.D.Griffin.A.L.Winterberg,Oak Ridge National

Laboratory, IEEE Journal-May 2003 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

(ISSN 2250 2459, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012) www.ijetae.com/files/Volume2Issue3/IJETAE_0312_22 Biochips History-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochips Users/HP/downloads/biochips/RadioFrequencyIdentification/Implants.html National Centre for Biotechnology Information,Microarrays: Chipping away

at the Mysteries of medicine (mar.30,2004) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/primer/microarrays

Users/HP/downloads/biochips/BiochipImplant/html

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