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What's NGINX?
● Nginx (pronounced “Engine-X”) is an open source,high-performance:
● HTTP server● Reverse proxy server for HTTP, SMTP, POP3
and IMAP protocols.
Nginx - History
● Author Igor Sysoev● started development of Nginx in 2002.● first public release in 2004, - rambler.ru● Built to address the C10K problem.● Website www.nginx.org.
Why Nginx?
● Stability● Performance● Security● Third party modules● Easy to configure
Features
● Static file serving.
● SSL/TLS support.
● Virtual hosts.
● Reverse proxying.
● Load balancing.
● Compression.
● Access controls.
● URL rewriting.
● Custom logging.
● Server-side includes.
● FLV streaming.
● FastCGI.
Why nginx is faster than apache?
● Apache is a process-based server, while nginx is an event-based (asynchronous) web server.
● Nginx is lighter then Apache.● Buffering.
Architecture
● Master+workers● Event driven● Non-blocking● Single-threaded● Highlymodular
Master - Workers
● Master
-Monitor workers
-Handle signals,notify workers
(exit ,reconfiguration,update...)● Worker
-Process client requests
-Get cmd from master
Master process
Worker process
Modular
Event-driven Architecture (EDA)
● EDA method is capable of handling more number of clients with less threads compared to conventional way (one thread for one client).
Client 1
Client 2
Client N
worker
Apache P.1
Apache P.N
Apache P.2
Client 1
Client N
Client 2
Event● ngx_event_t
-Read
-Write
-Timeout
● Callbacks
● Handlers-ngx_event_accept
-ngx_process_events_and_timers
-ngx_handle_read_event
-ngx_handle_write_event
● Posted events-Posted accept event queue
-Posted event queue
Non-blocking
Asynchronous I/O allows a process to submit an I/O request without waiting for it to complete
Virtual Server
● Port● Address● Server name● Core server conf.
Reconfig
Upgrading
Directives:
● fair – send the request to the least busy backend server.
● add_header – add custom headers to the response
● limit_req_zone – limit requests for a client,prevent DOS attacks.
● limit_conn_zone – limit concurent conections for a client.
● stub_status – get current status of nginx.
● error_pages – custom error page.
● ip_hash;
● backup;
● If/set/rewrite.
Config
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
root /usr/local/www/example.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.error.log;
location / {
# Rewrite rules can go here
}
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
expires max;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
}
location ~ \.php {
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
include drop.conf;
}
user www www;
worker_processes 2;
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
root /usr/local/www/example.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.error.log;
location / {
# Rewrite rules can go here
}
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
expires max;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
include drop.conf;
}
Front-End-(Nginx) and Back-End-(Apache) Advantages
Client
Frontend(NGINX)
Static content
Backend(Apache)
HDD(files)
YES NO
Proxy balancing
upstream backend {
server 192.168.1.163:8081;
server 192.168.1.159:80 weight=3;
server 192.168.1.160:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
}
Nginx – Memcached - Apache
server {
location / {
set $memcached_key $uri;
memcached_pass 127.0.0.1:11211;
default_type text/html;
error_page 404 = @fallback;
}
location @fallback {
proxy_pass backend;
}
}
Rewrite
Apache:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/$1 [L,R=301]
Nginx:
server {
server_name www.domain.com;
return 301 $scheme://domain.com$request_uri;
}
server {
server_name domain.com;
[...]
}
Nginx vs Apache
http://wiki.nginx.org/
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