NFPA 471 -- A92 TCR · NFPA 471 -- A92 TCR PARTI 471- 1 - (1-4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: In the ...

Report of the Comndttee on

Hazardous Materials Response Personnel

Warren E. Isman, Chairman Falrfax Cnty Fire & Rescue Dept.

Gerald L. Grey, Vice Chairman San Francisco Fire Dept., CA

Rep. Int'l Society of Fire Servace Instructors

Gary O. Tolde, Secretary National Fire Protection Association

(Nonvoting)

Donald Beckering, Hennepin Technical Ctrs SeUna Bendix, Bendix Environmental Research Inc. Stephen F. Campbell, American Trucking Association William M. Carey, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Gene P. Carlson, Oklahoma State University

Rep. Int ' l Fire Service Training Assoc. Thomas F. Dalton, Consulting Services Inc.

Rep. Spill Control Assoc. of America James L. Daneker, Los Angeles CityFire Dept., CA

• Terry W. DeMarr, City of PhoenixFire Dept., AZ Richard M. Duffy, Int 'l Assn. of Fire Fighters • Rep. NFPA, FSPC&E Committee Thomas C. Elvey, Dow Coming Corp.

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protecuon Section John M. Eversole, Chicago Fire Dept., IL

Rep. Int ' l Assn. of Fire Chiefs

{~ seph P. Gagagher, New York City Fire Dept., NY • Dieter Heinz, Industrial Emergency Council Rep. California State Firefighters' Assn.

W,liam J. Keffer, US Environmental Protection Agency Charles L. Keller, Assn. of American Railroads Louis J. Klein, Volunteer Firemens Insurance Services M. Jo McMulhn, Summit County Hazardous Materials Response T e a m

Max H. MeRae, Houston Fire Dept., TX Mary Beth Miehos, Dept. of Fire & Rescue Services Donald E. Miller, Assn. of American Railroads ' ' Irving Owens, Warwick Fire Dept., RI

Rep. Fire Marshals Assn. of North America Desmond B. Pearce, Amefi.can Cyanamid

Rap. Chemical Manufacturers Assn. Gerald E. Richards, Fort Worth Fire Dept., TX John F. Riley, Ansul Co. . ,

William H. Stringfleld, St. Petersburg Fire Dept., FL Thomas M. Swihart, Chubb NationalFoam Inc. Joseph IL Weis, Ashland Petroleum Co.

Rep. American Petroleum Institute Charles J. Wright, Union Pacific Railroad Co.

Alternates

Glenn P. Benarick, Fairfax Cnty Fire & Rescue, VA (Alt• to W. E. Isman)

Michael L. Donahue, Chemical Manufacturers Assn. (Alt. to D. Pearce)

John T. Higglns, Dow Coming Corp. '(Alt. to T. C. Elvey)

Ralph H. Hlltz, MSA Research Corp. (Alt. to T. F. Dalton)

Margaret H. Matheson, American Petroleum Institute (Alt. toJ. IL Weis)

Gregory G. NoU, Hildebrand & NoU Assoc., Inc. (Alt. toJ. Grey)

Daniel Gary Snell, Houston Fire Dept., TX (/kit. to M. H. McRae)

Paul R. Spurlin, Wayne Township Fire Dept., IN (A1t. to I. Owens)

Steven Storment, Phoenix Fire Dept., AZ (Alt. to T. DeMarr)

Nonvoting

J ohn R. Cashman, Hazardous Materials Newsletter ohn C. Hess, US DOT-RSPA-OHMT-DHM-51

Staff'Liaison: Gary O. Tolde o

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this ediuon. Since that time changes in the membership may have occurred•

The Report of the Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnelpresented for adoption in 2 parts.

Part I of this Report, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel and proposes for adoption a partial revision to NFPA471, Recommended Practice for Respond- ing to Hazardous Materials Incidents. NFPA 471 is published in Volume 10 of the 1991 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Part I of this Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Commxttee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel which consists of 30 vodng members; of whom 27 voted affirmatively, 0 negatively, 1 abstained (Ms. McMullen) and 2 ballots (Messrs. Campbell, Pearce) were not returned•

Part II of this Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel and proposes for adoption a complete revision to NFPA 472, Professional Competence of - Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.. NFPA 472 is published in Volume 7 of the 1991 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Part II of this Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel which consists of 30 voting members; of whom 26 voted affirmatively, 2 negatively (Messrs. Beckering, Gallagher), 1 abstained (Ms. McMullen) and 1 ballot (Mr. Campbell) was not returned.

Mr. Beckering voted negatively stating: "It was a hard decision to vote negative because I feel we have added

much needed definition to the competencies. But I feel the dropping of one level has forced us to put too much into the First Reponder level• I feel we are being unrealistic to believe that the "average" First Reponder will learn all of the competencies listed. We are asking too much of these people. We need the third to allow the communities the chance to have a choice besides the.defensive and offensive now being offered• We need Specialist in this document rather than a separate document to give the choices to the communities."

Mr. Gallagher voted negatively stating: "I feel the competencies mentioned at the Operational Level in

Section 3.2, =Analyzing the Incident" should be left to the authority having jurisdiction."

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N F P A 471 - - A 9 2 T C R

PARTI

471- 1 - (1-4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: In the definition of Hazardous Material change:

"...nine categories..." to "ten" and add the following material: Class 1 - Explosives

Division 1.1 - Explosives with a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 - Explosives with a projection hazard Division 1.3 - Explosives with predominantlya fire hazard Division 1.4 - Explosives with no significantblast hazard Division 1.5 - Very insensitive explosives Division 1.6 - Extremely insensiuve explosive articles

Class 2 - Gases

Division 2.1 - Flammable gases Division 2.2 - Nonflammable gases Division 2.3 - Poison gases Division 2.4 - Corrosive gases (Canadian)

Class 3 - Flammable Liquids

Class 4 - Flammable Solids

Division 4.1 - Flammable solids Division 4.2 - Spontaneously combustible materials Division 4.3 - Materials that are dangerous when wet

Class 5 - Oxidizers and organic peroxides

Division 5.1 - Oxidizers Division 5.2 - Organic peroxides

Class 6 - Poisonous and infectious materials

Division 6.1 - Poisonous materials Division 6.2 - Infectious materials

Class 7 - Radioactive materials

Class 8 - Corrosive materials

Class 9 - Miscellaneous hazardous materials

ORM-D magerial SUBSTANTIATION: This is to reflect changes in the UN Hazard Class Numbering system: COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

471- 4 - (5-5.2, Level B): Accept. SUBM1TrER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add to second sentence of 5-5.2, Level B:

"The following constitutes Liquid Splash Protective Suits" SUBSTANTIATION: The terfi~ Liqfiid Splash Protective Suits would, cla@." (Level B) as a performance for a given level of protective clothing. This would allow NFPA 471 to be current vath NFPA 1992, Standard for Vapor Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies, 1991 edition. By adding this term it substantiates 5-3.3 which speaks of perform~ace requirements for chemical protective material. NFPA 1992 is a performance standard. COMMITIT, E ACTION: Accept.

471- 5 - (5-5.3, Level C): Accept. SUBMrrTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add "to second sentence of 5-5.3, Level C:

"The following constitutes NFPA 1995. Protective Garments for Support Funf~ions at Hazardous Chemical Ooerations" SUBSTANTIATION: The term would clarif3; (Level C) as a performance for a given level of protective clothing. This would allow NFPA 471 to he current with NFPA 1993, Standard for Protective Garments for Support Functions at Hazardous Chemical Operations. By adopting this term it substantiates 5-3.3 which speaks of performance requirements for chemical protective material. NFPA 1993 is aperformance standard. , COMMFITEE ACTION: Accept.

471- 6- (5-5.3.1): Accept. S U B ~ Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add to the end of 5-5.3.1:

"Self contained positive pressure breathing apparatus (NIOSH approved)". SUBSTANTIATION: Fire service may elect to use this type respirator protection since this is their primary breathing apparatus. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

471- 7- (6-4.1.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add at end of 6.4.1.1:

See "ASTM F716-82, Method ofTestin~ Sorhent Performance of Absorbents" for further information." - SUBSTANTIATION: This is an appropriate reference. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

471- 9 . (4-3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel

I RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire section of 4-3. SUBSTANTIATION: There are no other.positions that are included in NFPA 471 and therefore it is inapp.ropnate to address this position in this document. The committee ~11 consider including the position of Hazardous Materials Safety Officer during the development of the proposed NFPA 474 that will address speciality areas. COMMrr rEE ACTION: Accept.

471- 3 - (5-5.1, Level A): Accept SUBMITFER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION. Add to second sentence of 5-5.1, Level A:

~ 'he following constitutes Vapor Protective Suits" SUBSTANTIATION: The terfia Vapor Protective Suits would clarify (Level A) as a performance for a given level of protective clothing. This would allow b,~'PA 471 to be current with NFPA 1991, Standard For Vapor Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies, 1990 edition. By adopting this term it substantiates 5-3.3 which speaks of performance requirements for chemical protective material. NFPA 1991 is performance standard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log # 1) 471.8 - (6-4.1.5): Accept in Part SUBMrI'TER: Ralph H. Hilt,, Spill Control Association of America RECOMMENDATION: Recommend revision of 6-4.1.5, Vapor Dispersion. Replace "dispersed" with "diverted" in first sentence. In second sentence, change "can" to "may". SUBSTANTIATION: The data to support the ability of water sprays to disperse, dilute, or in the case of water soluble gases, scrub, is not conclusive. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

Change "can" to "may", but leave "dispersed". COMMITTEE STATEMENT: In the Committee's opinion, dispersal with water spray is achievable.

(Log # 2) 471- 9 - (6-4.1.9): Reject SUBMITTER: Ralph H. Hiltz, Spill Control Association of America RECOMMENDATION: Recommend deletion of the last sentence in 6-4.1.9. SUBSTANTIATION: There is no substantiated basis for this statement. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action on 471-10.

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N F P A 471 - - A 9 2 T C R

471- 10. (6-4.1.9i: Accept SUBM1TrER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materiais Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Change the final sentence to read:

"A recommended vapor suppression agent is an aqueous foam blanket." SUBSTANTIATION: This is a more accurate statement than t he '

resent wording. OMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log # 5) 471-11 - (6-4.1.11 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBM1TTER: Joseph Fisher &John Walsh, IBM Endicott Emergency Services RECOMMENDATION: Add new text:

Vacuuming: Many hazardous materials may be placed in a containment simply by vacuuming them up. This has the advantage of not causing an increase in volume. Care must be taken to insure compatibility ofmateriais. The exhaust air may be filtered, scrubbed, or treated as needed. SUBSTANTIATION: We have been using this method of mitlgation for over twelve years and find it no more dangerous than other methods for applicable chemicals. The vacuum fan chamber is separated from the electric motor. For combustible chemicals an air or water powered vacuum may be used. The exhaust is treated by chemicalhouse exhaust as needed. We want to insure that this method remains acceptable for future use. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in-Principle• " Add the following sentence: "The method of vacuuming will depend on the nature of the

hazardous material". In Table _,6~_,.I, add "Vacuuming". Insert "no s" on all gases and "yes" on all liquids and solids.

COM.MI"rI'EE STATEMENT: The Committee agrees with the submitted substantiation.

471- 12 - (6-4.2.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials, Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add at end of 6-4.2.1:

"See ASTM F726.81, Method of Testing $orbeng Performance of Adsorbents for further information." SUBSTANTIATION: This is an appropriate reference. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

(Log # 4) 471- 13 - (6-4.2.1 Note (New)): Accept in Principle . SUBMITTER: Ralph H. Hiltz, Spill Control Association of America RECOMMENDATION: Recommend addition of a second note to 6- 4.2.1:

NOTE 2: Adsorbents saturated with volatile liquid chemicals can create a more severe vapor hazard than the spill alone because of severely enlarged surface area for vapor release.

SUBSTANTIATION: NONE. COMMrrTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Accept. Begin the note with "Adsorbents". Also, place the same

note following 6-4.1.1, Absorption, and change the first word to "Absorption" m that note. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: In the Committee'g.opinion, the cautionary statement is valid and appropriate, but it applies to both adsorption and absorption.

471- 14- (6-4.2.3): Accept SUBMITI"ER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add at end of 6-4.2.3:

"See ASTM STP659, Chemical Dispersants for ~he Cone'01 of Off' _~_~; and ASTM STP840, Oil Soill Chemical Disnersants: Research. Experience. and Recommendations, for further information."

SUBSTANTIATION: These are appropriate references. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept.

471- 15 - (7-1.2): Accept SUBM1TFE~ Techmcal Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Add the following:

The following methods of decontamination are available for personnel and /o r equipment:

(a) absorption (b) Adsorption (c) chemical degradation. (d) dilution (e) disposal (f) isolation (g) neutralization (e) solidification

SUBSTANTIATION: The committee feels that there needs to be a more definitive llst of decontamination procedures outlined. COMMITI'EE ACTION. Accept.

(Log # 3) 471- 16- (A-6-4.1.9): Reject SUBMITrER: Ralph H. Hiltz, Spill Control Association of America RECOMMENDATION: Recommend that A-6-4.1.9 be deleted from the standard. SUBSTANTIATION: In Sections 6-4.1 and 6-4.2, twenty different mitigation techniq~ies are presented. In aimost all cases, more detaded information is necessary to effectively employ these techniques than that provided in the individual paragraphs. Foam is the only procedure which has an extensive discussion. To be consistent, either each technique should have an appendix section or none of the techniques should be detailed.

If it is decided to keep A-6-4.1.9, then the section needs to be rewritten. It is written primarily to the hazards of flammable liquids, a technology documented in other NFPA standards and well kfiow to the fire service. Nonflammable, especially water reactive, hazardous materials receive little attention• Further, it is in error in several places, contradicts itself, and is incomplete in its" description of available foam products. COMMITYEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT. The Committee feels that the • explanatory material in the Appendix is valid and informational. The section in the appendix has been substantially revised to make it of . even greater value.

471- 17 - (A-6.4.1.9): Accept SUBM1TI"ER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Revise text:

"One technique available for handling a spill of a hazardous liquid is the application of foams to suppress the Vapor emanating from the liquid. This technique is ideaily suited for liquid spills that are contained, i.e., diked. It can also be used where the spill is not confined. In all cases this technique should only be undertaken by personnel who have been trained in the use of foam concentrate for vapor suppression. Training in the use of foam as a fire extinguishing agent is not sufficient to qualify an individual for foam application as a vapor suppressing agent.

Vapor suppressing foam concentra'tes vary in their effectiveness depending on a number of factors. These factors can include the type of foam, the 25 per cent drainage time of the foam, the rate of application of the foam, and depth of the foam blanket. These variables serve to emphasize the need for training of the person selecting this technique for applying foam as a vapor suppressing medium.

Foams are produced by mechanically mixing a dilute solution of the foam concentrate and water with air, producing an expanded foam. Foams have been developed basically as fire exunguisliing agents. Data has aiso been developed on their capability to suppress vapor release from water immiscible flammable or combustible hydrocarbon liquids.

Foam and specific foam concentrates for each category, aiongwith the definitions of appropriate terms, can be obtained by consuking NFPA 11, Standard for Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems; NFPA 11A, High Expansion Foam Systems; NFPA 16, Foam/ Water Sprinklers; and ASTM Standard Guide Fl129-88, Using Aqueous Foams to Control the Vapor Hazard from ImmiscibIe Volatile Liquids.

The use of fire fighting foam as a vapor suppressant involves some considerations that are different than those required for fire extinguishing agents. It should be noted that fire fighting foams are

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N F P A 471 /472 - - A 9 2 T C R

]~iredominantiy restricted to use on water immiscible hydrocarbon quids or polar compounds. They are not usually effective on

inorganic acids or bases, nor on liquefied gases, including the hydrocarbon gases such as methane and propane, in controlling vapor release. One of the obvious issues that is of concern is the stability of the foam blanket as a function of time. This can be generally approached by looking at what is referred to as the foam quality. Foam quality is generally measured in terms of foam expansion ratio and foam 25percent drainage time. Foam expansion ratio refers to the volume of foam solution. AFFF is often used in nonaspirating equipment such as water fognozzles. Nonaspirated AFFF solutions have significantly limited effectiveness in comparison to aspirated foam solutions in vapor suppression. The 25 percent drainage . . . . time is that time that is required for 25

percent of the foam soluuon to dram from the foam. This is the property that isgenerally used to measure the stability of the foam. The slower the drainage of any expanded foam, regardless of expansion, the more effective and longer lasting is the foam blanket. This assumes weather conditions are ideal. An important factor is the vapor pressure of the liquid that is being suppressed. Liquid vapor pressures can vary widely. The higher the vapor pressure, the slower the control time. The key to effective use of foam as a vapor suppressing agent is to have a continuous foam blanket on the fuel surface. Films from AFFF/FFFP are no guarantee of effective vapor control.

It is important to recognize, that there are some limitations in the use of foam fire extinguishing agents in vapor suppression. As indicated, these materials are basically designed for flammable hydrocarbon liquids. They have severe shortcomings for inorganic acids or bases or liquefied gases. They should not be used for vapor suppression of these categories of volatile hazardous chemicals without consultation with the manufacturer of the specific foam agent being considered. Most fire fighting foam concentrates have a limited range of pH

tolerance, pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of inorganic acids or bases, pH tolerance is the level that the bubble wall of the foam can tolerate before collapsing catastrophically. A few sfirfactant foams and the polar compound type foams have good pH tolerance. Most of the protein, fluoroprotein, AFFF's and high expansion foams are not suitable for inorganic acids or bases.

Controlled liquefied gas spills may be by the application of high expansion foam blankets. Low expansion foams are not effective. Because of the large temperature differential between the liquefied gas and the foam, the drainage from the foam initially exaggerates boiloff from the spill. The higher the expansion, the less the effect of the drainage: For liquefied gases and all water reactive inorganic materials, the foam should exhibit the best chemical resistance and expansion ratios to assure maximum water retention consistent with the condition of the spill site. Since each spilled material can have unique properties, the manufacturer of the foam concentrate should be consulted for directions.

The great differences in the chemistry of fiammable hydrocarbon liquids and the water reactive inorganic materials have resulted in the development of foam concentrates specificallyapplicable to the inorganic chemicals. Few fire fighting foams have capabilities for vapor suppression of the inorganic acids and bases. For effective control, special foam concentrates should be employed.

Some special foam concentrates are specific for either acids or alkalis but not both. F.urther, they are not applicable to all inorganic materials no r are they effective in fire suppression. In many cases, their effectiveness is limited, and intermment foam makeup may be required to maintain the foam blanket. Others, usually containmg a polymer modification, can cover a wide range of materials, both acids and bases, and may possess some t e p e e of fire resistance. This is important for those inorganic materials which may also pose a fire hazard.

At present, there is no single foam concentrate which is truly effective against all categories of volatile hazardous chemicals. A few possess limited capabilities in most categories, but they are compro- mise materials sacrificing in one category to provide some capability in other categories. These may, however, be the best choice for first responders where an overall capability is essential. .

In all cases, however, the foam manufacturer or the manufacturer's literature should be consulted to provide specific guidance for the chemical to be treated. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an updated discourse on the subject of vapor suppressing foams. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

PART II

472- 1 - (Entire Document): Accept SUBM1TTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: Complete revision of NFPA 472 SUBSTANTIATION: Since the issuance of NFPA 472, m~iny responders to hazardous materials incidents have utilized the competencies as a basis for their training. Individuals using the document have provided feedback to committee members. As a result of this information, as the Committee began the revision

rOCeSS, they developed many new competencies and reviewed the vel of many of the existing competencies. It became evident as the Committee developed the new competen-

cies that it was difficult to determine where the new competencies would fit in the current standard: In addition, there was a feeling by committee members that some of the existing competencies were more appropriate at a different level. One o f the comments by committee members which could not be answered was, "What is the difference between a hazardous materials technician and a hazardous materials specialist."

In order to deal most effectively with these issues Committee Chair Warren Isman appointed a Task Group Chaired by John Eversole to review the proposals and to recommend to the committee the appropriate levels of competency. As the Task Group began its deliberations they also found difficulty in determining where to place the proposed competencies. To help solve this problem the Task Group decided to undertake a task analysis for the job of mitigating a hazardous materials incident. Thisprocess allowed the Task Group to closely examine the steps involvedin mitigating a hazardous materials incident and to carefully consider the appropriate competencies necessary for each level.

Based on the task analysis, the Task Group recommended to the full Committee revisions that placed many of the competencies at the current specialist level into the technician level and the specialist level in NFPA 472, 1989 edition, being discontinued. The Task Group also recommended the addition of an incident commander level to be included in NFPA 472. There were also changes to the Awareness level and to the Operational level. During a three day meeting of the Committee the recommendations were reviewed and competencies were further clarified and appropriate levels assigned.

It became apparent to the Committee during thisprocess that there ' was need to developa new document that would allow the develop-

ment of competencies for various, spas eciality areas. These speciality areas would be those areas that m<lepth knowledge would be beneficial and would allow individuals to meet the competencies in those speciality areas that were the most appropriate for their situation. These areas could include such specialties as; instrumenta- tion, railroad, marine, etc. The Committee has received authoriza- tion from the Standards Council and has formed a Task Group to begin development of NFPA 474, Professional Competence for Hazardous Materials Specialities. This document is currently open for public proposals.

The role of emergency responders to hazardous materials incidents is critical. The purpose of NFPA 472 is to specify minimum requirements for those who will respond in order to reduce the numbers of accidents, injuries, illness and the probability of fatalities. The changes reflected to NFPA 47'2 in this Technical Committee Report have generated much discussion and analysis by the Committee. It is the Committee's desire to provide the most technically sound standard as possible and it is felt that the proposed revisions do that. COMMITIT, E ACTION: Accept

NFPA 472

Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents

1992 Edition

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates explanatory material on that paragraph in Appendix A.

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Chapter 1

Administration

1-1 Genera l

1-1.1 Scope. This standard identifies the levels of competence required of responders to hazardous materials incidents. It specifically covers the requirements for First Responders (awareness and operational levels), Hazardous Materials Technicians, and Incident Commanders.

I-1.2" Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to specify minimum requirements of competence for those who will respond to hazardous materials incidents. It is not the intent of this standard to restrict .any jurisdiction from exceeding these minimum requirements.

1-1.2.1 One of the purposes of the qualification requirements contained herein is to reduce the numbers of accidents, injuries, and fitness during response to hazardous materials incidents and to help prevent exposure to hazardous materials to reduce the possibility of fatalities, illness, and disabilities affecting emergency response personnel.

1-2 Definitions.

Approved. Acceptable to the "authority having jurisdiction."

NOTE: The Nadonal Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect or certify an)' installations, procedures, equipment, or materials nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations or procedures, equipment oi" materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may require evidence of proper installation, procedure or use. The'authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organizauon concerned with product evaluations which is in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production ofllsted items. - - I

Authority HavingJurisdlction. The "authorityhavingjurisdiction"is the organization, office or individual responsible for"approving" equipment, an installation or a procedure.

NOTE: The phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner-since jurisdictions and "approval" agencies vary as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the "authority having jurisdiction" may be a federal, state, local, or other regaonal department or individual, such as a fire chief, fire marshal, chief of a fire

revention bureau, labor department, health department, tiding official, electrical inspector, or others having statutory

authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the "authority having jurisdiction". In many circumstances, the property owner orhis designated agent assumes the role of the "authority having jurisdiction"; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmen- hl official may be the Uauthority having jurisdiction."

Chemical Protective Clothing. A single or multi-piece garment constructed of chemical protective clothing materials designed and configured to protect the'wearer's torso, head, arms, legs, hands, and feet. It covers the wearerThead, hands, and feet with attached or detachable hoods, gloves, and boots. It completely, encloses the wearer by itself or in combination with the wearer s respiratory equipment, hood, gloves, and boots.

Cold Zone. This area contains the command post and such other support functions as are deemed necessary to control the incident. This is also referred to as the clean zone or support zone in other documents.

Competence. Possessing knowledge, skills, and judgement needed to perform indicated objectives sausfactorily.

Confined Space. Refers to a space that by design has limited openings for entry and exit, that has unfavorable natural ventilation tli-at could contain or produce dangerous air contaminants, and that is not intended for continuous occupancy. Examples of confined spaces include, hut are not limited to, storage tanks, compartments of snips, process vessels, pits, silos, vats, degreasers, reaction vesseLs: bo~qers, ventilation and exhaust ducts, sewers, tunnels, underground utility vaults, and pipelines.

Confinement. Those procedures taken to keep a material in a defined or local area once released.

Containment System. A combination of a container and its closures, which isolate the contents from the surrounding environment. A closure is a device for closing an opening in a container. Contain- ment systems include:

(a) Non-bulk packaging, such as bags, bottles, boxes, carboys, cylinders, drums,jerricans, muiticell packages, and wooden barrels;

(b) Bulk packaging, such as bulk bags, bulk boxes, cargo tanks, covered hopper cars, freight containers, gondolas, pneumatic hopper trailers, portable tanks and bins, protective overpacks for radioactive materials, tank cars, ton containers, and van u'mlers; and

(c) Facility containment systems, such as buildings, machinery, containment for open piles, piping, reactors, storage bins, cabinets, or shelves, and tan, ks and storage vessels.

ContAinment. Those procedures taken to keep a material in its container.

Contagn!nant. A toxic substance that is potentially harmful to people, animals, and the environment.

Contamination. The process of transfering a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the enwronment, or equipment, which may act as a carrier.

Control. The procedures, techniques, and methods used in the mitigation of ahazardous material incident, including containment, extinguishment, and confinement.

Control Zones. The designation of areas at hazardous materials incidents based upon safety and the degree of hazard. Many terms are used to describe these control zones; however, for the purposes of this standard, these zones shall be defined as the hot, warm-, and cold z o n e s .

Coordination. The process used to [get people, who may represent different agencies, to work together mtegrally and harmoniously in a common action or effort.

Decontamination (contamination reduction). The "physical and/or chemical process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment used at a hazardous materials incidenL

Decontamination Area. The area usually located within the warm zone where decontamination takes place.

Degradation. A chemical action involving the molecular breakdown of a protective clothing material due to contact with a chemical. The term degradation may also refer to the molecular breakdown of the spilled or released material to render it less hazardous. .

Demonstrate. To show by actual use. This may be supplemented by simulation, explanation, illustration, or a combination of these.

Describe. To explain verbally or in writing using standard terms recognized in the hazardous materials response community.

Emergency Response Plan. A plan that establishes guidelines for handhng hazardous materials incidents as required by 29 CFR 1910.120.

Engulfed Area. The actual or potential area of exposure from a hazardous material.

Exposure. The process bywhich people, animals, the environment, andequipment are subjected to the h/t/mful action or infiuence of a hazardous material. The magnitude of exposure is dependent primarily upon the duration of exposure and the concentration of the hazardous material.

Hazard/Hazardous. Capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or the enwronment; capable of causing harm.

Hazard Sector. That function of/m overall Incident Management System that deals with the mitigation of a hazardous materials . incident. It is directed bya sector officer and principally deaLs with the technical aspects of the incident.

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N F P A 472 m A 9 2 T C R

Hazard Sector Officer. The person responsible for the management of the hazard sector.

Hazardous Materials.* A substance (solid, liquid, or gas) capable of creating harm to people, property, and the environment.

Class/Division. The general category of hazard assigned to a hazardous material under the DOT regulations. The division is a subdivision of a hazard class.

Class I (Explosives)

Division 1.1 - Explosives with a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 - Explosives with a projection hazard Division 1.3 - Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard Division 1.4 - Explosives with no significant blast hazard Division 1.5 - Very insensitive explosives Division 1.6 - Extremely insensiuve explosive articles

Division 2.1 - Flammable gas Division 2;2 - Nonflammable, non-poisonous compressed gas Division 9.3. Poison gas Division 2.4 - Corrosive gas (Canadian)

Class 3 (Flammable Liquid)

Combustible Liquid

Chss4

Division 4.1 -Flammable solid Division 4.2 - Spontaneously combustible material Division 4.3 - Dangerous when wet material

Division 5.1 - Oxidizer Division 5.2- Organic peroxide ,

"Clama 6

Division 6.1 - Poisonous material Division 6.2 - Infectious material

Ch~ 7 (Radioactive material)

Class 8 (Corrosive material)

Class 9 (Miscellaneous ha-ardous material)

O R M - D material

Hazardous Materials Response Team. The hazardous material response team is an organized group of trained response personnel operating under an emergency response plan and appropriate standard operating procedures, who are expected to perform work to handle andcontrol actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous materials requiring possible close approach to the material. The team members perform response to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials for ~ e purpose of control or stabilization of the incident.

High Temperature Protective Clothing. Protective clothing designed to protect the wearer for short term high temperature exposures. This type of clothing is usually of limited use {n dealing vath chemical commodities.

H o t Zone. Area immediately surrounding a hazardous materials incident, which extends far enough to prevent adverse affects from hazardous materials releases to personnel outside the zone. This zone is also referred to as exclusion zone or restricted zone in other documents.

Identify. To select or indicate verbally or in writing using recognized standard terms. To establish the identity of; the fact of being the same as the one described.

Incident. An emergency involving the release or potential release of a hazardous material, with or without fire.

Inddent Commander. The person responsible for all decisions relating to the management of the incident. The Incident Com. mander is in charge of the incident site. This is equivalent to the On

-Scene Incident Commander as defined by OSHA1910.120.

Incident Management System. An organized system of roles, responsibilities, and standard operating procedures used to manage anddirect emergency operations.

Liquid Splash Protective Clothing. Clothing that protects the wearer against chemical liquid splashes but not against chemical vapors or gases. Liquid splash protective clothing must meet the requirements of NFPA 1999. ,This type of protective clothingis a component of EPA Level "B" Chemical Protection; however, NFPA 1992 is more stringent than required for EPA Level "B" Chemical Protection.

Listed. Equipment or materials included in a list published by an organization .acce p table to the "authority . . . . . having jurisdiction" and concerned wlth product ewaluanon, that mmntams penodlc inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets appropriate standards or has been tested andfound suitable for use in a specified manner.

NOTE: The means for identifying listed equipment mayvary for each organization concerned with product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The "authority having jurisdiction" should utilize the system employed by the listing organlzation to identify a listed product.

Local Emergency Response Plan. The plan promulgated by the local emergency planning committee for the community as mandated by Title Ill, Section 303, of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 or equivalent emergency planning legislation.

Match. To provide with a counterparL

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). A form, provided by manufacturers and compounders (blenders) of chemicals, containing information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response, and waste disposal of the material as required by OSHA 1910.1200.

Monitoring Equipment. Instruments and devices used to identify and quantify contaminants.

Objective. A goal that is achieved through the attainment of a skill, knowledge, or both, and that can be observed or measured.

Packaging. Any container that holds a material (hazardous and non- hazardous). Packaging for hazardous materials includes nonbulk and bulk packaging.

Nonbulk Packaging. Any packaging having a capacity meeting one of the following criteria:

(a) Liquid - internal volume of 119 gal (450 L) or less; (b) S o l i d - capacity of 882 lbs (400 kg) or less; and (c) Compressed gas - water capacity of 1001 lbs (454 kg) or less.

Bulk Packaging. Any packaging, including transport vehi~:les, having a capacity greater than described above under nonbuik packaging. Bulk packaging can be either placed on or in a transport vehicle or vesselor constructed as an integral part of the transport vehicle.

(a) Liquid - internal volume of more than 119 hal (450 L); (b) Solid- capacity of more than,882 lbs (400 kg); and (c) Compressed gas-water capadty of more thanl001 lbs (454 kg).

Penetration. The movement of/L material through a suit's closures, such as zippers, buttonholes, seams, flaps, or other design features of chemical protective clothing, and through punctures, cuts, and tears.

Permeation. A chemical action involving the movement of chemical, on a molecular level, through intact material.

Personal Protective Equipment. The equipment provided to shield or isolate a person from the chemical, physical, and thermal hazards that may be encountered at a hazardous materials incident. Personal protective equipment includes both personal protective clothing and respiratory protection. Adequate personal protective equipment should protect the respiratory system, skin, L-yes, face, hands, feet, head, body, and hearing.

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Protective Clothing. Equipment designed to protect the wearer from heat and/or hazardous materials contacting the' skin or eyes. Protective clothing is divided into four types:

(a) Structural fire fighting protective clothing; (b) 'Liquid splash protecuve clothing; (c) Vapor protecuve clothing; and (d) High temperature protective clothing.

Qualified. Having satisfactorily completed the learning objectives.

Resplratory Protection. Equipment designed to protect the wearer from the inhalation of contaminants. Respiratory protection is divided into three types:

(a) Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus; (b) Positive pressure airline respirators; and (c) Air purifying respirators.

Response. That portion of incident management in which personnel are involved in controlling a hazardous materials incident. The activities in ~ e response portion of a hazardous materials incident include analyzing the incident, planning the response, implementing the planned response, and evaluating progress.

Safely. To perform the assigned tasks without injury to self or others, property, or the environment.

Shall Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

Stabilization. The point in an incident where the adverse behavior of • e hazardous material is controlled.

Structural Fire Fighting Protective Clothing. This category of clothing, often called turnout or bunker gear, means the or protective clothing normally worn by fire fighters during structural fire fighting operations. It includes a helmet, coat, pan(s, boots, gloves, and a hood to cover parts of the head not protected by the helmet and facepiece. Structural fire fighters' protective clothing provides limited protection from heat but may not provide adequate protection from the harmful vapors or liquids that are encountered during hazardous materials incidents. ,

Termination. Thatportion of incident management in which personnel are involved in documenting safety procedures, site operations, hazards faced, and lessons learned from the incident. Termination is divided into three phases: debriefing the incident, post-incident analysis, and critiquing the incident.

Understanding. The process of comprehending the nature and significance of information presented.

UN/NA Identification Number. UN/NA Identification Numbers are four-digit numbers assigned to a hazardous material. The number is used to identify and cross reference the product.

Vapor Protective Clothing. Clothing that protects the wearer against chemical vapors and gases. Vapor protective clothing must meet the requirements of NFPA 1991. This type of protective clothing is a component of EPA Level "A" Chemical Protection; however, NFPA 1991 is more stringent than required for EPA Level "A" Chemical Protection.

Warm Zone. The area~chere personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support takes place. It includes control points '

• for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination. This is also referred to as the decontammation, contamination reduction, or limited access zone in other documents.

Chapter 2

Competencies for the First Responder at the Awareness Level

2-1 General.

2-1.1 Introducti6n. First responders at the awareness level shall be trained to meet all requirements of this chaj~ter. In addition, first responders at the awareness level shall receive training to meet federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements, whichever is appropriate for their jurisdiction.

A92 TCR

2-1.2 Definition. First responders at the awareness level are those persons who, in the course of their normal duties, may be the first on the scene of an emergency involving hazardous materials. First responders at the awareness level are expected to recognize hazardous material presence, protect themselves, call for trained personnel, and secure the area.

2-I.3 Goal. The goal of the competencies at the awareness level shall be to provide first responders with the knowledge and skills to perform the following tasks safely. Therefore, when first on the scene of an emergency involving hazardous materials, the first responder at the awareness level shall be able to:

(a), Analyze an emergency to determine both the hazardous materials present and the basic hazard and response ihformation for each hazardous material by completing h e following tasks:

1. Detect the presence of the hazardous materials;

2. Survey a hazardous materials incident, without intervention, to identify the name, UN/NA identification number, or type placard applied for any hazardous materials involved; and

3. Collect hazard information from the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

(b) Implement a response consistent with the local emergency response plan, the orgamzation's standard operating procedures, and the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook by completing the following tasks:

I. Initiate protective actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization's standard operating procedures, and the current' edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook; and

2. Initiate the notification process specified in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures.

2-2

2-2.1 Detect the presence of the hazardous materials. Thefirst resvonder at the awareness level shall, given various facility and/or transportauon situations, with and without b~7=rdous materials present, shall identify those situations where haTardous materials are present.

2-2.1.1' Identify the definition of each of the following terms: (a) Hazardous materials; (b) Hazardous substances; (c) Hazardous wastes; and (d) Dangerous goods (in Canada).

2-2.1.2" Identify the DOT hazard classes and divisions of hazardous • materials and identify common examples of materials in each hazard class or division. ,'

2-2.1.3" Identify the primary hazards associated'with each of the DOT hazard classes and divisions of hazardous materials by hazard class or di~sion.

2-2.1.,t Identify the difference between hazardous materials incidents and other emergencies.

2-2.1.5 Identify typical occupancies and locations in the community where hazardous materials are manufactured, transported, stored, used, or disposed of.

2-2.1.6 Identify facility and transportation markings and colors that indicate hazardous materials, including:

(a) UN/NA identification numbers; (b) NFPA 704 markings; (c) Military hazardous materials markings; (d) Special hazard communication markings; (e) Poison labels; (f) Pipeline marker; and (~) Container markings.

2-2.1.6.1 Given an NFPA 704 marking, identify the significance of the colors, numbers, and special symbols.

2-2.1.7 Identify U.S. and Canadian placards and labels that indicate hazardous materials.

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2-2.1.8 Identify the specific name of a hazardous material involved in an emergency or at least classify the material by its primary hazard using container markings, placards, and labels, pesticide labeling, shipping papers, material safety data sheet (MSDS), or personal contacts.

\

2-2.1.8.1 Identify three sources for obtaining hazard response information about hazardous materials and describe the types of information provided in each.

2-2.1.8.2 Demonstrate the use of a material safety data sheet (MSDS) in obtaining hazard and response actions and determining isolation and evacuation distances.

2-2.1.9" Identify dues (other than occupancy/location, container shape, markings/color, andplacards/labels) that use the senses of sight, sound, and odor to indicate hazardous materials.

2-2.2 Survey the hazardous materials incident, without intervention, to identifythe name, UN/NA identification number, or type placard applied for the hazardous materials involved. The first responder at the awareness level shall, given examples of facility and transportation situations involving hazardous matenals, identify the hazardous material(s) in each situation by name, UN/NA Identification number, and/or type placard applied.

2-2.2.1 Identify difficulties encountered in determining the specific name of hazardous materials in both facilities and transportation.

2-2.2.2 Identify sources for obtaining the name of, UN/NA identification number for, or t,(pe placard associated with hazardous materials in transportauon.

2-2.2.$ Identify sources for obtaining the name of hazardous materials in a facility.

2-2.$* Collect hazard information from the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook. The first responder at the awareness level shall, ~ven the identity of various hazardous materials (name, UN/NA identification number, or typeplacard), identify the fire, explosion, and health hazard informauon for each material using the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guido book.

NOTE: If other response guidebooks [including the material safety data sheet (MSDS) are provided to the hazardous materials responder at the awareness level in lieu of the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, the responder shall identify, using the guidebooks, hazard information similar to that found in the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

2-2.3.1" Identify the ways hazardous materials are harmful to people, property, and the environment at hazardous materials incidents.

2-2.$.2* Identify the general routes of entry for human exposure to hazardous materials.

2-2.$.$ Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify the three methods for determining the appropriate Guide Page for a specific hazardous material.

2-2.$.4 Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify types of hazards found on the Guide pages.

2-$ Competendes - Planning the Response . (No competencies currently required at this level.)

2-4 Competencies - Implementing the Planned Response.

2-4.1 Initiate protective actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization's standard operating procedures, and the current edition o f the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook. The first responder at the awareness level shall, given examples of facility and transportation hazardous materials incidents, identify the actions to he taken to protect themself and others and to control access to the scene using the local emergency response plan, the organization's standard operating procedures, or the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

2-4.1.1 Determine the location of both the local emergency response plan and the organization s s .tandard operating procedures.

2-4.1.2 Given the local emergency response plan or the organization s standard operating procedures, identify the role of the first responder at the awareness level during a hazardous materials incident.

2-4.1.$ Given, the local emergency response plan or the organization s standard operating procedures, identify the basic precautions to be taken to protect themself and others in a hazardous

• material incident.

2-4.1.$.1 Identify the precautions necessary when providing emergency medical care to victims of hazardous materials incidents.

2-4.1.$.2 Identify typical ignition sources found at the scene of hazardous materials incidents.

2-4.1.4 Given the identity ofvarlous hazardous materials (name, U N / NA identification number, or type placard), identify the following response information using the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook:

(a) Emergency action (fire, spill, or leak and first aid); (b) Personal protective equipment necessary; and (c) Initial isolation and protective action distances.

NOTE: If other response guidebooks [including the material safety data sheet (MSDS)] are provided to the hazardous materials responder at the awareness level in lieu of the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, the responder shall identify, using the guidebooks, response information similar to that found in the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

2-4.1.4.1 Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify the recommended personal protective equlp- ment for the particular incident from the following list of protective equipment:

(a) Sweet clothing and work uniforms; (b) Structural fire fighters' protective clothing; (c) Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus; and (d) Chemicfil protective clothing and equipment.

24.1.4.2 Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify the definitions for each of the following protective actions:

(a) Isolate hazard area and deny entry;, (b) Evacuate; and (c) In-place protection.

2-4.1.4.$ Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify the shapes of recommended initial isolation and protective action zones.

2-4.1.4.4 Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify the difference between small and large spills as found in the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

2-4.1.4.5 Given the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, identify the circumstances under which the following distances are used at a hazardous material incident:

(a) Table of initial isolation and protective action distances; and (b) Isolation distances in the numbered guides.

2-4.1.5 Identify the techniques used to isolate the hazard area and deny enwy to unauthorized persons at hazardous materials incidents.

2-4.2 Initiate the notification process specified in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures. The first responder at the awareness level shall, gwen facili~ and transportation scenarios of hazardous materials incidents,

, identify the appropriate notifications consistent with the local emergency response plan or the organization's standard operating procedures.

2-4.2.1 Identify the initial notification procedures for hazardous materials incidents in the local emergency response plan or the

"organization's standard operating procedures.

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Chapter $ (d) Evaluate ~ e progress of the actions taken to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiently by completing the following tasks: Competencies for the

First Responder at the Operational Level 1. Evaluate the status of the defensive actions taken in

3-1 General. accomplishing the response objectives; and

3.1.1 Introduction. First resi~onders at the operational level shall be ' 2. Communicate the status of the planned response. trained to meet all requirements at the awareness and operational levels. In addition, first responders at the operational level shall 3-2 Competencies --Analyzing the Incident. receive training to meet federal Occupatiox/al Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3.2.1" Survey the hazardous materials incident to determine the (EPA) requirements, whichever is appropriate for their jurisdiction, containmeiat systems and materials involved, whether hazardous

materials have been released, and the surrounding conditions. The 3.1.2 Def'mition. First responders at the operational level are those first responder at the operational level shall, given examples of both persons who respond thereleases or potential releases of hazardous facility and transportauon situations involving hazardous materials, materials as part of the initial response to the incident for the • survey each situation. purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They shall be trained to respond in a 3.2.1.1" Given examples of various hazardous materials containment defensive fashion to control the release from a safe distance, to keep systems, identify each containment system by name. it from spreading, and to prevent exposures.

3-2.1.1.1 Given examples of the following tank cars, identify each 3.1.$ Goal. The goal of the competencies at the operational level tank car by type: shall be to provide first responders with the knowledge and skills to perform the following tasks safely. Therefore, in addition to being (a) Non-pressure tank cars with and without expansion domes; competent at the awareness level the first responder at the opera- and tional level shall be able to: (b) Pressure tank cars.

(a) Analyze a hazardous materials incident to determine the 3.2.1.1.2 Given examples of the following intermodal tank contain- magnitude of the problem in terms of outcomes by completing the ers, identify each intermodal tank container by type: / following tasks: '

• (a) Non-pressure intermodal tank containers; and ' 1. Survey the hazardous materials incident to determine the (b) Pressure intermodal tank containers.

containment systems and materials involved, whether hazardous materials have been released, and the surrounding conditions; . 3.2.1.1.3 Given examples of the following cargo tanks, identify each

cargo tank by type: 2. Collect hazard and response information from a material

safety data sheets (MSDS), CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, and shipper/ (a) MG-506/DOT 306 cargo tanks; manufacturer contacts; (b) MC-507/DOT-407 cargo tanks;'

(c) MC,-312/DOT..412 cargo tanks; 5. Estimate the likely behavior of a material and its containment (d). MC-331 cargo tanks;-

system; and (e) MC-338 cargo tanks; and (t) Dry bulk cargo tanks.

4. Identify resources to estimate the extent of the hazards within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incident• ~ 3.2.1.1.4 Given examples of the following facility tanks, identify each

• fixed facility tank by type:

(b) Plan a response within the capabilities and competencies of (a) Non-pressure facility tanks; and available personnel,personal protective equipment, and control (b) Pressure facility tanks. equipment by compIeting the following tasks:

3.2.1.2 Given examples of facility and transportation containers, 1. Describe the response objectives for hazardous material identify the markings that differentiate one container from another.

incidents; 3.2.1.2.1 Given examples of the following transport vehicles and their

2. Describe the defensive options available by response corresponding shipping papers, identify the vehicle identification objective; marking on both the transport vehicle and the shipping papers:

3. Determine if the personal protective equipment provided is (a) Rail transport vehicles, including tank cars; appropriate for implementing each defensive option; • (b) Intermodal equipment including tank coniainers; and

(c) Highway transport vehicles, including cargo tanks. 4. Identify the,emergency decontamination procedures; and"

3.2.1.2,2 Given examples of facility containers, identify the markings 5. - Describe the role of the first responder at the operational that differentiate one facility container from an6ther.

level in the safe execution of the plan o f action at a.hazardous material incident. 3.2.1.3 Given examples of facility and transportation situations

involving hazardous materials, identify the name of the hazardous materiafi in each situation. (c) Implement the planned response to favorably change the

outcomes consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating proce~lures by completing the 3.2.1.3.1 Identify the following information on a pipeline marker: following tasks:

(a) Product; 1. Establish and enforce scene control procedures including (b) Owner; and

control zones, decontamination, and communications; (c) Emergency telephone number.

2. Initiate the incident management system (IMS) for 3.2.1.3.2 Given a pesticide label, identify each of the foUowing.13ieces hazardous material incidents; of information; then match the piece of information to its signifi-

cance in surveying the hazardous materials incident: ." 3. Don, work in, and doff personal protective equipment provided by the authority havingjurisdicuon; and , (~) Name of pesticide;

(b) Signal word; 4. Perform defensive control functions identified in the plan of (c) EPA registration number;

action. (d) Precautionary statement; (e) Hazard statement; and

• (f) Active ingredient.

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332.1.4" Identify and list th~ surrounding conditions that should be noted when surveying hazardous materials incidents. '

332.1.5 Identify the methods for ~,erifying information obtained from the survey of a hazardous materials incident.

332.2 Collect hazard and response information from a material safety data sheet (MSDS), CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, and shipper/ manufacturer contacts. The first responder at the operational fevel shall, given known hazardous materiMs, collect hazard and response information using material safety data sheets (MSDS), CHEMTREC/ CANUTEC, and contacts with the shipper/manufacturer.

332.2.1 Match the definitions associated with the DOT hazard classes and divisions of hazardous materials, includin~ refrigerated liquefied gases and cryogenic liquids, with the class or division.

3-2.2.2 Using a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for a specified material, identify the following hazard and response information:

(a) Physical and chemic~ characteristics; (b) Physical hazards of the material; (c) Health hazards of the material; (d) Signs and symptoms of exposure; (e) Routes of entry; (f) Permissible exposure limits; (g) Responsibleparty contact; (h) Precautions for safe handling including hygiene practices,

protective measures, procedures for clean-up of spins/leaks; (i) Applicable control measures including personal protective

equipment; and (j) Emergency and fwst aid procedures.

332.2.2.1 Identify two ways to obtain a material safety data sheet (MSDS) in an emergency.

332.2.5 Identify the type of assistance provided by CHEMTREC/ CANUTEC, identify how to contact CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, and identify the information to be furnished CHEMTREC/CANUTEC.

332.2.4 Identify two methods to contact the manufacturer or shipper to obtain hazard and response information.

332.5" Estimate the likely behavior of a material and its containment system. The first responder at the operational level shall, given examples of facility and transportation hazardous materiaIs incidents involwng a single hazardous material, estimate the likely behavior of the material and its containment system in each incident.

3-2.$.1 Given situations involving known hazardous materials, interpret the hazardous and response information obtained from the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, material safety data sheets (MSDS), CHEMTR£C/CANUTEC, and shipper/manufacturer contacts.

S-2.3.I.1 Match the following chemical and physical properties with their significance and impact on the behavior of the containment system ~nd/or its contents:

(a) Physical properties: 1. Form (solid, liquid, gas).

(b), Chemical properties: 1. Boiling point; 9. Melting point; 3. Vapor pressure; 4. Expansion ratio; 5. Specific gravity; 6. Vapor density;, and 7 Water solubility.

(c) Physical hazards: 1. Temperature of product; 9. Concentration (pH); 3. Flash point; 4. Ignition (autoignition) temperature; 5. Flammable (explosive) range; and 6. Toxic products of combustion.

3-2.$.1.2 Identify the difference between the foUowing terms:

(a) Exposure; and (b) Contamination.

332.3.2* Identify five types of stress that could cause a containment system to release its contents.

332.$.$* Identify five ways in which containment systems can breach.

332.3.4" Identify four ways in which containment systems can release their contents.

332.3.5* Identify and match the seven dispersion patterns that can be created upon release of hazardous materials with a descriptive name.

332.3.6" Identify three general time frames for predicting the length of time that exposdres may be in contact with hazardous materials in an engulfed area.

332.3.7 * Identify the health and physical hazards that could cause harm.

5-2.3.7.1" Identify the general hazards associated with the following t e r m s '

(a) Acute health hazards: I. Asphyxiant; and 2. Sensitizer.

(b) Chronic health hazards: I. Carcinogen; 2. Mutagen; and 3. Teratogen.

332.4* Identify resources to estimate the extent of the hazards within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incident. The first responder at the operational level shall identify resources to estimate the extent of the hazards within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incident.

332.4.1" Identify a source for determining the size of an engulfed' area of a hazardous materials incident.

332.4.2 Given the dimensions of the en~[ulfed area and the surrounding conditions at a hazardous materials incident, estimate the number and type of exposures within that engulfed area.

332.4.3 Identify resources available for determining the concentrations of a released hazardous material within an engulfed area.

332.4.4* Identify resources for determining the extent of physical, health, and safety hazards within the engu~ed area of a hazardous materials incident given the concentrations of the released material.

333 Competencles - - Planning the Response.

333.1 Describe the response objectives for hazardous materials incidents. The first responder at the operational level shall, given simulated facility and transportation hazardous materials problems, describe the response objectives for each problem.

3-3.1.1 Identify the steps for determining the number of exposures that could be saved given an analysis of a hazardous materials problem and the exposures already lost.

333.1.2 Describe the steps for determining response objectives given an analysis of a hazardous materials incident.

333.2 Describe the defensive options available by response objective. The first responder at the operational level shall, given simulated facility and transportation hazardous materials incidents, identify the defensive options by response objective for each problem.

333.2.1 Identi~. the options (defensive, non-intervention) to accomplish a given response objective.

333.2.2 Identify the purpose" for each of the following techniques for hazardous materials control; then identify the procedures, equip. ment, and safety precautions used with each technique. -

(a) Absorption; (b) Dike,dam, diversion, retentioni (c) Dilution; (d) Vapor dispersion; and (e) Vapor suppression.

333.3 Determine if the personal protective equipment provided is appropriate for implementing each defensive option. The first responder at the operational level shall, given the name of the hazardous materialinvolved and the anacipated type of exposure, determine if available personal protective equipment is appropriate to implement a defenswe option.

638

&$.$.1 Identify the appropriate respiratory protection required for a • given defensive option.

NOTE: The minimum requirement for respiratory protection at hazardous materials incidents (emergency operations until concentrations have been determined) is positive pressure self- contained breathing apparatus. Therefore, the minimum for the first responder at the operational leve! is positive pressure self- contained breathing apparatus.

&$.$.1.1 Identify the respiratory hazards encountered at hazardous materials incidents.

&$.$.1.2 Identify the physical capabilities/equired for and limitations of personnel working in positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. .

&$.$.1.$ Identify the components ofa respiratory protection ~ I ~ A 15~0 found in 29 CFR 1910.138, CSA-Z94.4 (in Canada), or

S-$.$.2 Identify the appropriate personal protective equipment required for a given defensive option.

3-$.$.2.1 Identify skin contact hazards encountered at hazardous materials incidents.

&3.3.2.2 Identify advantages, limitations, and use of the following levels of protective clothing at hazardous materiais incidents:

(a) Structural fire fightin~ clothing; (b) Liquid splash protecuve clothing; (c) Vapor protecuve clothing; and (d) High temperature clothing.

3-3.4* Identify emergency decontamination procedures. The first responder at the operational level shall identify emergency decontamination procedures. '

&SA.1 Identify ways that personnel; personal protective equipment, apparatus, and tools and equipment become contaminated.

$-3.4.2 Identify the purpose of emergency decontamination procedures athazardous materials incidents.

$-3.4.3 Identify advantages and limitations of emergency decontamination procedures for victims, personnel, personal protective equipment, tools, equipment, and apparatus at hazardous materials mcxaents.

&3.5 Describe the role of the first responder at the operational level in the safe execution of the plan of action at a hazardous materials incident. The first responder at the operational level shall, given a plan of action developed by the incident commander at a haza~rdous materials incident, the first responder at the operational level shall be able to describe his or her role in the safe execution of the plan.

S-3.5.1 Identify thebenefits of pre-emergency planning in the process of developing a response plan for a hazardous material incident.

3-3.5.2 Identify the steps for determining the personnel and equipment required for an defensive option,

$-3.5.$ Identify the factors to be evaluated in selecting public "~ protective actions including evacuation and in-place protection.

C, ompetencies - - Implementing the P!anned Response.

&4.1 Establish and enforce scene control procedures including control zones, decontamination, and communications. The first responderat the operational l~:vel shall, given scenarios for facility and/or transportation hazardous 'materials incidents, identify howto establish scene control including control zones, decontamination, and communications.

S-4.1.1 Identify the procedures for establishing scene control through control zones.

&4.l.l . l Identify the criteria for determining the locations of the control zones at hazardous materials incidents.

3-4.1.2 Identify the basic techniques for the following protective actions at hazardous materials incidents:

N F P A 472 - - A92 T C R

(a) Evacuation; and (b) In-place protection.

&4.1.$ Identify the considerations associated with locating emergency decontamination areas.

3-4.1.4 Demonstrate the ability to perform emergency deconta~mina- ' tion.

&4.1.5" Identify the items to be considered in a safety briefing prior to allowing personnel to work on a hazardous material incident.

&4.2" Initiate the incident management system (IMS). The first responder at the operational level shall, gnven simulated facility and/ or transportation hazardous materials incidents, initiate the incident management system (IbiS) specified in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures.

&4.2.1 Identify the role of the first responder at the operational level during hazardous materials incidents as specified in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures. -

3-4.2.2 Identify the levels of hazardous materials incidents.

3-4.2.3 Identify the purpose, need, benefits, and elements bfan incident management system (IMS) at hazardous materials incidents.

5-4.2.4 Identify the steps for determining the location of the command post for a hazardous materials incident.

5-4.2.5 Identify the procedures for requesting additional'resources at a hazardous materials incident.

5-4.2.6 Identify the responsibilities of the safety officer.

$-4.$ Don, work in, and doff.personal protective equipment provided by the authority having jurisdiction. The first responder at the operational level shall demonstrate the abilir/to don, work in, and doff the personal protective equipment prodded by the authority having jurisdiction.

i

$-4.3.1 Identlfy'the importance of the buddy system in implementing the planned defensive options.

3-4.3.2 Identify the importance of the back-up personnel in implementing the planned defensive options.

S-4.3.$ Identify the safety precautions to be observedwhen approach- ing and working at hazardous material incidents. .

3-4.3.4 Identify the symptoms of heat and cold stress.

3-4.3.5 Identify the physical capabilities required for and the , limitations of personnel working in personal protective equipment.

$-4.3.6 Match the function of the operational components of the positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus provided the hazardous materials responder to the name of the component.

3-4.3.7 Identify the procedures for cleaning, sanitizing, and inspecting respiratory protective equipment.

$-4.3.8 Identify the procedures for donning, working in, and doffing positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

3-4.3.9 Demonstrate donning, working in, and doffing positive • pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

3-4.4 Perform the defensive control actions identified in the plan of action. The first responder at the operational level shall, given a plan of action for a hazardous material incident within the capabilities of the first responder at the operational level, demonsf.rate the ability to perform the defensive control actions ~ t out in the plan.

$-4.4.1 Using the type of fire fighting foam or vapor suppressing agent and foam eqmpment furnished by the authority having jurisdiction, demonstrate the proper application of the fire .fi~hting foam(s) or vapor suppressing agent(s) on a spill or fn-e involving' hazardous materials.

3-4.4.1.1 Identify the characteristics and applicability of the following foams:

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(a) Protein; (b) Fluoroprotein; (c) Special purpose;

1. Polar solvent alcohol resistant concentrates 2. Hazardous material concentrates;

(d) A.cjueous film-forming foam (AFFF); and (e~ Htgh expansion.

3.4.4.2 Given the appropriate tools and equipment, describe how to perform the following defensive control actixaties:

(a) Absorption; (b) Dike, dam, diversion, retention; (c) Dilution; • (d) Vapor dispersion; and (e) Vapor suppression;

3-4.4.3 Given a MC-306/DOT-406 and MC-331, describe the following types of emergency remote shutoff devices as found on on each cargo tank.

(a) Mechanical; (b) Hydraulic; and (c) Air.

3.4.4.4 Describe the objectives and dangers of search and rescue missions at hazardous materials incidents.

3-5 Competencies - - Evaluating Progress.

3-5.1 Evaluate the status of the defensive actions taken in accomplishing the response objectives. The first responder at the operational level shall given simulated facility and/or transportation hazardous materials incidents, evaluate the status of the defensive

• actions taken.

3-5.1.1 Identify the steps for evaluating w~ether defensive options are effective in accomplishing the objectives.

3-5.1.2 Identify those circumstances when it would be prudent to pull back from a hazardous materials'incident.

3-5.2 Communicate the status of the planned response. The first responder at the operational level shall communicate the status of the planned response to the incident commander and other response personnel.

3-5.2.1 Communicate the status to the incident commander thru the normal chain of command in effect at the incident.

3-5.2.2 Describe the methods for immediate notification of the incident commander and other response personnel about critical emergency conditions at the incident.

Chapter 4

Competencies for the Hazardous Material Technician

4-1 General.

4-1.1 Introduction. Hazardous materials technicians shall be trained to meet all requirements at the first responder awareness and operational levels and at the technician level. In addition, hazardous materials technicians shall meet the training requirements and be provided medical surveillance in accordance with federal Occupa- tional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or U.S. Environ- mental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements, whichever is appropriate for their jurisdiction.

4-1.2 Definition. Hazardous materials technicians are those persons who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials for the purpose of controlling the release. Hazardous materials technicians are expected to use specialized chemical protective clothing and specialized control equipment.

4-1.3 Goal. The goal of training at the technician level shall be to provide the hazardous materials technician with the knowledge and skills to perform the following tasks safely. Therefore, in addition to being competent at both the first responder awareness and operational leveIs, the hazardous materials technician shall be able to:

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(a) Analyze a hazardous materials incident to determine the magnitude of the problem in terms of outcomes by completing the following tasks:

1. Survey the hazardous materials incident to identify containment systems revolved, to identify or classify unknown materials, to verify the identity of hazardous materials, and to determine concen- traions of hazardous materials;

• 2. Collect and interpret hazard and response information from printed resources, technical resources, computer databases, and mo~aitoring equipment;

3. Determine the extent of damage to containment systems;

4. Predict the likely behavior when materials are released; and

5. Estimate the size of an engulfed area using computer modeling, monitoring equipment~.- or specialists in this area.

(b) Plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by completing the following tasks:

1. Identify the response objectives for hazardous materials incidents;

2. Identify the potential action options available by response objective;

3. Select the personal protective equipment required for a given action option;

4. Select the appropriate decontamination procedures; and

5. Develop a plan of action, including safety considerations, consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures and within the capability of the available personnel,.personal protective equipment, and control equipment.

(c) Implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with the organization's standard operating procedures and/or a site safety plan by completing the following tasks:

1. Perform the duties of an assigned posiion within the local incident management system (IMS);

2. Don, work in, and doff appropriate pcrsonal protective clothing including, but not limitedto, both liquid splash and vapor protecuve clothing with appropriate respiratory protection; and

3. Perform the control functions identified in the plan of action.

4-2 Competencies m AnMy'zing the Incident.

4-2.1 Survey the hazardous materials incident to identify special containment systems involved, to identify or classif~ unknown materials, to verify the identity of hazardous matenals, and to determine concentrations of hazardous materials. The hazardous materials technician shall identify containment systems involved and, given the appropriate equipment; identify or classify unknown materials, verif~ the identity of hazardous materials, and determine the concentrauon of the hazardous materials.

4-2.1.1 Given examples of various spedalized containment systems, identify each containment system by name and match the hazard dais of the materials typically found inside to the containment system.

4-2.1.1.1 Given examples of the following tank cars, identify each tank car by type:

(a) Cryogenic liquid tank cars; (b) High pressure tube cars; and (c) Pneumatically unloaded tank car.

4-2.1.1.2 Given examples of the following intermodal tank containers, identify each intermodal tank container by type:

(a) IM-101 portable tanks (b) IM-102 portable/tanks (c) Specialized intermodal tank containers;

1. Cryogenic intermodal tank containers 2. Tube modules

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4.2.1.2 Given examples of both facility and transportation containers, identify the approximate quantity in or capacity of each container.

4.2.1.2.1 Given examples of the following transport vehicles, identify the capacity (by weight and/or volume) of each transport vehicle using ~ e markings on the vehicle:

(a) Tank c~trs; (b) Tank containers; and (c) Cargo tanks.

4-2.1.$ Given at least three unknown materials, one of which is a solid, one a liquid, and one a gas, identify or classify each unknown material.

4-2.1.$.1 Identify the steps in an analysis process for identifying unknown materials.

4-2.1.3.2 Identify the type(s) of monitoring equipment to determine the following hazards:

(a) Corrosivity; (b) Flammability; (c) Oxidizing potential; (d) Oxygen deficiency; (e) Radioactivity; and (f) Toxic exposures•

4.2.1.$.5" Identify the factors to consider when using and choosing the following monitoring equipment•

(a) Colorimetric tubes; (b) CO meter; (c) . Combustible gas meter; (d) Oxygen meter; (e) Passwe dosimeter; (f) pH papers, pH meters, and strips; and (g ) RadlaUon detection instruments.

4.2.1.$.4 Given examples of various hazardous materials and the following monitoring equipment, in addition to other monitoring and detection equipment provided by the authority having~urisdlc- don, select the appropriate monitoring equipment to identify and quantify the materials.

(a) Colorimetric tubes; (b) CO meter; (c) Combustible gas meter; (d) Oxygen meter; (e) pH papers, pH meters, and strips; and (0 Radmuon detection instruments.

4.2.1.3.5 Demonstrate the field maintenance and testing procedures for the monitoring equipment'provided by the audlority having jurisdiction.

4-2.1.4 Given a label for a radioactive material, identify vertical bars, contents, activity, and transport index, then match the label item to " its significance in surveying a hazardous materials incidentr

4-2.2 Collect and interpret hazard and response information from printed resources, technical resources, computer data bases, and monitoring equipment. The hazardous materials technician shall,

• given access to printed resources, technical resources, computer data bases, and momtoring equipment, collect and interpret hazard and response information not available from the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook or a material safety data sheet (MSDS).

4-2.2.1 Identify the types of hazard and response information available from each of the following resources and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each resource:

(a) Reference manuals; (b) Hazardous material data bases; (c) Technical information centers (for example CHEMTREC/

CANUTEC, NRC); (d) Technical information specialists; and (e) Monitoring equipment.

4-2.2.2 Match the following chemical andphysical terms with their significance and impact on the behavior of the containment system and/or its contents:

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(a) Acid, caustic (b) . Air reactivity; (c) Catalyst; (d) Chemical interactions; le0) Compound,' mixture;

Critical temperatures and pressure; (~) Haio~[enated hydro6~rbon;

.( ) Inhibitor; . (i) Instability; ~) Orglinic and inorganic;

Omdation ability; (1) H; (m) Polymerization; (n) Radioactivity;, (o) Salt, nonsalt; (p) Saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons;

Solution, slurry; i~) Strength;

Sublimation; (t) Viscosity;, (u) Volatility;, (v) Water miscible, immiscible; and (w) Water reactivity.

4-2.2.8 Given various hazardous materials, identify the signs and symptoms of exposure to each material and the target organ effects of exposure to that material.

4-2.2.4 Given an example of a report supplied in accordance with a federal, state, provincial, or local right-to-know legislative requirement, determine the adequacy of the information and identify how addidonai required information can be obtained.

4-2.3 Identify the condition of the container involved in the incident. The first responder at the operational level shall, given simulated facility and transportation containment system damage, describe the damage found by one of the following:

(a) Undamaged, no product release; (b) Damaged, no product release;

"(c) Damaged, product release; and ' (d) Undamaged, released.

4-2.3.1 Given examples of the following containment systems, identify the basic design and construction features of each bulk packaging and storage vessels:

.(a) Fixed tanks, storage tanks; (b) Tank containers (intermodal portable tanks); (c) Piping; (d) Tank cars; and (e) Cargo tanks (tank trucks and trailers).

4-2.8.1.1 Given DOT specification markings for non-bulk or bulk packaging (including tank cars, tank contmners, and cargo tanks) and the reference the guide, identify the design and construction of the packaging and identify examples of the likely materials found in the packaging.

4-2.3.2 Given examples of the following containment systems, identify the closures found on each containment system by name and match the purpose of each closure to the name Of the closure.

(a) Cylinders; (b) Drums; (c) Fixed tanks, storage tanks; (d) Tank containers, mtermodal portable tanks; (e) Piping; (f) Tank cars; and (g) Cargo tanks (tank trucks and trailers).

4-2.3.$ Identify how a liquid pipeline may carry different product#.

4-2.3.4 Given an example of a domestic gas line, identify the following:

(a) How to identify ownership of the linei (b) Identification of the line; (c) Checking for gas migration; (d) Procedure for shutting down the line or controlling the leak.

4-2.3.5 Given an example of a domestic line break and the readings from a combustible gas indicator, determine the a.yea of evacuation; and

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4-2.$.6 Identify the method for determining the pressure in bulk packaging or facility containment systems using both a piessure gauge and the temperature of the contents.

4-2.3.7 Identify the method for determining ~ e amount of lading in hulk packaging or facility containment systems.

4-2.3.8* Identify the types of damage that could occur to a containment system.

4-2.3.8.1 Given examples of types of tank car damage, identify the type of damage in each example by name.

4-2.3.8.2 Identify the basic design and construction features of the following non-bulk packages used to store or transport hazardous materials:

(a) Bags; (b) Boxes; (c) Bottles; (d) Carboys; (e) Cylinders; and (O Drums.

4-2.4 Predict the likely behavior of containment systems and their contents when multiple materials are involved. The hazardous materials technician shall, given examples of both facility and transportation incidents involving multiple hazardous materials, predict the likely behavior of the contents in each case.

4-2.4.1 Identify at least three (3) references available that indicate the effects of mixing various chemicals.

4-2.4.2 Describe the heat transfer processes that occur as the result of a spill of a cryogenic.

4-2.4.3 Identify the impact of the following fire and safety features on the behavior of the products in a bulk storage facility.

(a) Tank spacing; (b) Product spillage and control (impoundment and dikingi; (c) Tank venting and flaring systems; . (d) Transfer operations; led Monitoring and detection systems; and

Fire protection systems.

4-2.5 Estimate the size of an engulfed area using computer modeling, monitoring equipment, or specialists in this area. The hazardous materials technician shall, given various facility and transportation hazardous materials incidents, estimate the size, shape, and concen- nations associated with the materials involved in the incident using computer modeling or monitoring equipment.

4-2.5.1 Identify local resources for dispersion pattern prediction and modeling including computers, monitoring equipment, or other specialists.

4-2.5.2 Identify the steps for determining the extent of physical, . health, and safety hazards within the engulfed area of a hazardous materials incident given the concentrations of the released material.

4-2.5.2.1 Match the following exposure limits with their significance in predicting the extent of health hazards in a hazardous materials incident.

(a) Immediately dangerous to life and health value (IDLH); (h) Lethal concentrations (LC,--); (c) Lethal dose (LD--); (d) Permissible exposure limit (PEL); (e) Threshold lim*t value ceiling (TLV-C); (f) Threshold limit value short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL);

Threshold limit value time weightedaverage (TLV-TWA); I~I Parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb); and (i) Emergency response planning guide value.

4-2.5.2.2 Match the following terms associated with radioactive materials with their significance in predicting the extent of health hazards in a hazardous materials incident.

(a) Alpha radiation; (h) Beta radiation; (c) Gamma radiation; (d) Half-life; and (e) Time, distance, and shielding.

A92 TCR

4-2.5.3 Identify the steps for predicting areas of potential harm within the engulfed area of a hazardous materials incident given the concentrations of the material.

4-2.5.4 Identify the method for estimating the outcomes within an engulfed area of a hazardous materials incident g i~n the areas of potential harm.

4-3 Competendes ~ Planning the Response.

4-3.1 Select the personal protective equipment required for a given action option. The hazardous materials technician shall, given situations with known and unknown hazardous materials, determine the appropriate personal protective equipment for the action options specified m the plan of action in each situation.

4-3.1.1 Identify the four levels of chemlcal protection (EPA/ NIOSH), and match both the equipment required for each level and the conditions under which each level is used.

4-3.1.2 Identify the factors to be considered in selecting the proper respiratory protection for a specified action option.

4-3.1.2.1 Describe the advantages and limitations of the following types of respiratory protection at hazardous materials incidents:

(a) Air purifying respirator; and (h) Supplied air respirator (air line respirator).

4-3.1.2.2 Identify the process for selecting the proper respiratory protection at hazardous materials incidents.

4-3.1.2.3 Identify the operational components of the air purifying respirators and supplied air respirators by name and match the function of that component to the component.

4-3.1.3 Identify the factors to be considered in selecting the proper chemical protective clothing for a specified action option. -

4-3.1.3.1 Match the following terms with their definition and explain their impact and significance on the selection of chemical protective clothing:

(a) Degradation; (b) Penetration; and (c) Permeation.

4-3.1.3.2 Identify at least three (3) indications of material degradation of chemical protective clothing.

4-3.1.3.3" Identify the three types of'Level A/vapor protective clothing chemical protective clothing and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

4-3.1.3.4 List the relative advantages and disadvantages of: heat exchange units, air cooled jackets, water cooled jackets, ice vests used for the cooling of personnel in chemical protective clothing.

4-3.1.3.5 Identify the process for selecting the proper protective clothing at hazardous materials incidents.

4-3.1.3.6 Given examples of various hazardous materials, determine the appropriate protective clothing construction materials for a given acdon opuon using chemical compatibility charts.

4-3.1.3.7 Identify the physical and psychological stresses that can affect users of specialized protective clothing.

4-3.2 Develop appropriate decontamination procedures. The hazardous materials technician shall, given a simulated hazardous material incident, select an appropriate decontamination procedure and determine the equipment required to implement that procedure.

4-3.2.1 Identify the advantages and limitations of each of the following methods of decontamination:

(a) Absorption; (b) Adsorption; (c) Chemical and physical degradation; (d) Dilution; (e) Disposal; (f) IsoIation; (g) Neutralization;

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(h) Solidification; (i~ Evaporation;

Was~ing; and Vacuuming.

4-3.2.2 Identify the sources of technical information for selecting a~propriate decontamination procedures and identify how to conthct mose sources in an emergency.

4-3.$ Develop aplan of action, including safety considerations, consistent with the local emergency response plan and organization's standard operating procedures and within the capability of available personnel, personal-protective equipment, and control equipment. The hazardous materials technioan shall, given a simulated hazardous materials incidents in facility and transportation settings, develop a plan of action for that incident.

4-3.$.1 Describe the purpose of, procedures for, equipment required, and safety precautions used with the following techniques for hazardous matenal control:

(a) Absorption; (b) Neutralization; (c) Overpacking; (d) Patch and plug.

4-3.3.1.1 Given MC-306/DOT-406, MC-307/DOT-407, MG-312/DOT- 412, MG-331, and MC-338 cargo tanks, identify the common methods for product transfer from each type cargo tank.

4-8.3.2 Develop a site safety plan for a hazardous materials incident.

4-8.8.2.1 Describe the components of a site safety plan for a hazardous materials incident.

4.3.3.2~ Given a simulated hazardous materials incident, develop a safety plan.

4.3.3.2.3 Given a plan of action for a simulated hazardous materials incident, identify the points that should be made in a safety briefing

' prior to working on the scene.

4-4 Compe{encles m Implementing the planned Response.

4-4.1 Given a position within the local incident management system (IMS), perform the duties of that position. The hazardous materials techni0an shall,given a role within the local incident management system for hazardous materials incidents, demonstrate how to perform the functions and responsibilities of that role.

4-4.1.1 Identify the role of the hazardous material technician during a haga rdous materials incident specified in the local emergency response plan and the organizauon's standard operating procedures.

4-4.1.2 Given the local emergency response plan or organization's standard operating procedures, identify the duties and responsibilities of the following hazard sedtor personnel within the incident management system, including:

(a) • Safety; (b) Entry/reconnaissance; (c) Information/research; (d) Resources; (e) Decontamination; and (I) Operations.

4-4.1.3 'Given the local emergency response plan or organization's standard operating procedures, identify the duties and responsibilities of the hazard sector officer and coordinate all activities of that sector.

4-4.1.4 Given a simulated hazardous materials incident, set up the decontamination process as specified in the planned response and perform the necessary decontamination.

4-4.2 Don, work in, and offboth liquid splash and vapor protective clothing and the appropriate respiratory protection. The hazardous materials technician shall demonstrate the ability to don, work in,

• and doffboth liquid splash and vapor protective clothing, in addition to any other specialized personal protective equipment provided by the authority having jurisdiction, with the appropriate respiratory protection.

4-4.2.1 Identify the safety procedures for personnel wearing vaptr protective clothing.

4-4.2.2* Identify the procedures for donning, working in, and doffing the following types of respiratory protection.

(a) Air purifying respirator; and (b) Supplied air respirator (air.line respirator).

4-4.2.$ Demonstrate donning, working in, and doffing chemical protective clothing in addition to any other specialized protective equipment provided by the authority having jurisdiction.

4-4.2.4 Demonstrate the ability to record the use, repair, and testing of chemical protective clothing according to manufacturer's specifications and recommendations.

4-4.2.5 Demonstrate the maintenance, testing, inspection, and storage procedures for personal protective equipment provided by the authority having jurisdiction according to manufacturer's specifications and recommendations.

4-4.8 Perform the control functions identified in the pla/~ of action. The hazardous materials technician shall, given various simulated hazardous materials incidents involving non-bulk and bulk packaging and facility containers, select the tools, equipment, and materials for the control of hazardous materials incident and identify the precautions for controlling releases from those packa~ngs/ containers.

4-4.$.1" Identify the parts, tools, and materials in a Chlorine A-kit and demonstrate thetr use in stopping the following leaks iri 100 or 150 lb chlorine cylinder:

(a) Valve gland; (b) Valve seat; (c) Valve-inlet threads; (d) Valve blowout; (e) Fusible plug threads; (f) Fusible metal of plug; (g) Valve stem assemblyblow out; and (h) Side wall of cylinder.

4-4.3.2* Identify the parts, tools, and materials in a Chlorine B-kit and demonstrate thetr use in stopping the following leaks in chlorine ton containers:

(a) Valve gland; (b) Valve seat; (c) Valve inlet threads; (d) Broken offvalve; (e) Fusible plug blown out; (f) Fusible plug threads;

Fusible metal of plug; and I ~ Side wall of cylinder."

4-4.3.3 Given the fittings, demonstrate the ability to:

(a) Close open valves; (b) Tighten loose plugs; and (c) Replace missing plugs.

4-4.3.4 Given a 55 gallon drum, select the appropriate material and/ or equipment and demonstrate a method(s)to contain the following leaks:

(a) Bung leak; (b) Chime leak; (c) Nail puncture; and (d) Forklift puncture.

4-4.3.5 Demonstrate the following methods for overpacking a drum into a salvage drum.

(a) Slide-in; (b) Rolling slide-in; and (c) Slip over.

4-4.3.6 Demonstrate the proper application of cargo tank dome cover clamps on a MC-306/DOT-406 cargo tank.

4-4.3.7 Identify the maintenance and inspection procedures for the tools and equipment provided for the control of hazardous materials releases according to manufacturer's specificadons and recommendations.

4-4.3.8 Identify the methods and precautions used when controlling a fire in a MC,-306/DOT-406 aluminum shell cargo tank.

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4-4.3.9 Identify at least three considerations for assessing a leak or spill inside a confined space without entering the area. -

4-4.3.10 Identify the safety considerations for product transfer operations, including bonding, grounding, elimination of ignition sources, and shock hazards.

4-4.3.11 Given MC-306/-I)OT-406, MC-307/DOT-407, and MC-312/ DOT-412 cargo tanks with the following types of leaks/breaches, explain how to stop the leaks.

(a) Puncture; (b) Irregular shaped hole; (c) Split or tear; and (d) Dome cover leak.

4-4.$.12 Given overturned MC-807/DOT-407, MC-312/DOT-412, MC-331, and MC-338 cargo tanks, identify the factors to be evaluated for product removal and transfer, including:

(a) Inherent risks associated with such operations; '(b) Procedures and safety precautions; and (c) Equipment required.

4-5 Evaluation. (No competencies required for this level)

Chapter 5

Competencles for the Incident Commander

5-1 General.

5.1.1 Inu'oduction. The incident commander shall be trained to meet all requirements indicated for the first responder at the awareness (Chapter 2) and operational (Chapter 3) levels and the requirements of this chapter• In addition, the.incident commander shall receive any additional training to meet federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements, whichever is appropriate for their jurisdiction. - - - .

5-1.2 Definition. The incident commander is that person who is responsible for directing and coordinating all aspects of a hazardous materials incident.

5-1.3 Goal. The goal of this chapter shall be to provide the incident commander with the knowledge and skills to perform the following tasks safely. Therefore, in addition to being competent at the awareness and operational levels, the incident commander shall be able to:

(a) Analyze a hazardous materials incident to determine the magnitude of the problem in terms of outcomes by completing the following task:

1. Estimate the potential outcomes within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incident.

• (b) Plan a response within the capabilities and competencies of available personnel,personal protective equipment, and control equipment by completing the following tasks:


2. Identify the potential action options (defensive, offensive, and non-'intervention) available by response objective;


• 4. Develop a plan of action consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures andwithin the capability of available personnel, personal protective equipme/lt, and control equipment. •

(c) Implement a response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures by completing the following tasks:

1. Implement the incident management system including the specified procedures for notification and utilizauon of nonlocalresources (mduding private, state, and federal government personnel);

2. Direct resources (private, governmental, and others) with expected task assignments and on-scene activities, provide management overview, technical review, and logistical support to private and governmental sector personnel; and

3. Provide focal point for information transfer to media and local elected officials.

(d) Evaluate the progress of the planned response to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiently and adjust the plan of action accordingly and complete the following tasks:

1. Provide subsequent documentation of the hazardous materials incident;

\

2. Conduct a post-incident analysis of the hazardous materials incident;

3• Communicate the findings and recommendations to the authority having jurisdiction.

5-2 Competendes - - Analyzing the Problem.

5-2.1 Esdma~e the potendal outcomes within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incidenL The incident commander shall, given simulated facility or transportation incidents involving hazardous materials, the surrounding conditions, and the predicted behavior of the containment system and its contents, estimate the potential outcomes•

5-2.1.1 Identify the steps for estimating the number of exposures within the engulfed area of a hazardous materials incident given its dimensions and the surrounding conditions.

5-11.1.2 Match the following exposure limits with their significance in predicting the extent of health hazards in a hazardous materials incident.

(a) Immediately dangerous to life and health value (IDLH); (b) Lethal concentrations (LC--); (c) Lethal dose (LD--); (d) Permissible exposure limit (PEL); (e) Threshold limit value ceiling (TLV-C); (f) Threshold limit value short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL);

Threshold limit value time weightedaverage (TLV-TWA); I ~ Parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb); and (i) Emergency response planning guide value.

5-2.1.3 Match the following terms associated with radioactive materials with their significance in predicting the extent of health hazards in a hazardous material incident.

(a) Alpha radiation; (b) Beta radiation; (c). Gamma radiation; (d) Half-life; and (e) Time, distance, and shielding.

5-2.1.4 Identify the steps in predicting areas of potential harm within an engulfed area of a hazardous materials incident given the concentrations of the materials.

5-2.1.5 Identify the method for estimating the outcomes within an engulfed area of a hazardous materials incident given the areas of potential harm.

5-3 Competendes - - Planning the Response.

5-3.1 Determine the response objectives for hazardous materials incidents. The incident commander shall, given simulated facility and transportation hazardous materials problems, determine the response objectives for each problem.

5-3.1.1 Identify the steps for determining the number of exposures that could be saved given an analysis of a hazardous materials problem and the exposures already lost.

5-3.1.2 Identify the steps for determining the response objectives given an analysis of a hazardous materials inciderit.

5-3.1.2.1 Identify the types of response to hazardous materials incidents and identify when each is used.

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5-3.2 Determine the potential action options (defensive, offensive, and non-intervention) available by response objective. The incident commander shall, given simulated facility and transportation hazardous materials incidents, identify the possible action options by response objective for each problem.

5-5.2.1 Identify the possible action options to accomplish a given response objective.

5-$.2.2 Identify the purpose of each of the following techniques for hazardous materials control, then identify the procedures, equipment, and safety precautions used with each technique.

5-$.$ Select the personal protective equipment required for a given action option. The incident commander shall, given situations with known and unknown hazardous materials, determine the appropriate personal protective equipment for the action options specified in the plan of action in each situation.

5-3.$.1.1 Identify the four levels of chemical' protection (EPA/ NIOSH) and match both the equipment required for each level and the conditions under which each level is used.

5-3.$.1.2 Match the following terms with their impact and significance on the selection of chemical protective clothing with the term:

(a) Degradation; (b) Penetration; and (c) Permeation.

5-3.3.1.3 Identify at least three (3) indications of material degradation of chemical protective clohing after chemical contact.

5-$.$.1.4 Identify the safety procedures for personnel wearing vapor protective clothing.

"° 5-3.3.1.5 Identify the physical and psychological stresses that can affect users of specialized protective clothing.

5-3.$.1.6 Given various hazardous materials, determine the apprgpri- ate chemical protective clothing for a given action option using chemical compatibility charts.

5-3.3.1.7 Identify the steps in selecting the proper personal protective clothing at hazardous material incidents.

5-3.3.1.8 Given examples of various hazardous materials, determine the appropriate personal protective clothing construction materials for a given action option using chemical compatibility charts.

5-3.4 Develop a plan of action consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures andwithin the capability of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment. The incident commander shall, given simulated facility and transportation hazardous materials mcidents, develop a plan of'action, consistent with the local emergency response plan and the or.~anization's standard operating procedures, that is within the capabihty of the available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment.

5-$.4.1 Identify the order of steps for developing a plan of action consistent with the local emergency response plan a~d the organization's standard operating procedures and within the capability of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and

• control equipment. "

5-$.4.2 Identify the factors to be evaluated in selecting public protective actions including evacuation and in-place protection.

5-$.4.3 Given the local emergency response plan or the o¢;~yization's standard operating procedures, identify which,agency

(a) ' Receive the initial notification; (b) Provide secondary notification and activation of response

agencies; (c) Make ongoing assessments of the situation; (d) Comman d on-scene personnel (incident management

system); le0) Coordinate support and mutual aid;

• Provide law enforcement and on-scene security (crowd control);

(g) Provide traffic control and rerouting;

N F P A 472 m A92 T C R

(h) Provide resources for public safety protective action, (evacuation or in-place protection);

(i) Provide fire suppression when appropriate; (j) Provide on-scene medical assistance (ambulance) and

medical treatment (hospital); (k) Provide public notification (warning); (1) Provide public information (news media statements); (m) Provide on-scene communications support; and (n) Provide on-scene decontamination when appropriate.

5-3.4.4 Identify the process for determining the effect of an action option on the potential outcomes.

5-3.4.5 Identify the procedures for presenting a safety briefing prior to allowing pel:sonnel to work on a hazardous materials incident.

5-4 Competendes - - Implementing the Planned Response.

5-4.1 Implement the incident management system including the procedures for notification and utilization of nonlocal resources (including private, state, and federal government personnel). The incident commahder shall, given a copy of the local integrated emergency management plan, identify the requirements of the plan including the required procedures of notification and utilization of nonlocal resofirces.

5-4.1.1. Identify the location of the following emergency response planning documents and identify the procedures for notification and utilization ofnonlocal resources (private, state, and federal govern. ment personnel):

(a) Organization's emergency response plan; (b) Organization's standard operating procedures; (c) Local emergency response plan; (d) State emergency response plan; (e) Regional emergency response plan; and (g) Federal emergency response plans.

5-4.1.2 Identify the process for notifying clean-up and restoration resources in the local emergency response plan or organization's standard operating procedures.

5-4.1.3 Identify the steps to iroplement the local and any related emergency response pl-ans as required under SARA Title III Section 303 ofthe federal regulations or any other local emergency response planning legislation.

5-4.1.4 Given the local emergency response planning documents, identify the elements of each of the documents.

5-4.1.5 Given a copy of the regional response plan, identify the resources available from the Regional Response Team.

5-4.'1.6 Identify the elements of the incident management system necessary to coordinate response activities at hazardous rr~terials incidents.

5-4.1.7 Identify the primary local, state, regional, and federal government agencies and identify the scope of their regulatory authority (including the regulations) pertaining to the production, transportation, storage, and use of hazardous materials and the disposal of hazardous wastes.

5-4.1.8 Given an example of a report supplied "m accordance with a federal, state, or local right-to-know legislative requirement, • determine the adequacy of the information and identify how additional required information can be obtained.

5-4.1.9 Identify the governmental agencies and l~rivate sector resources offering assistgnce during a hazardous materials in.cident and identify their role and the type of assistance or resources available.

5-4.2 Direct resources (private, governmental, and others) with "expected task assignments and on-scene activities, provide management overview, technical overview, and logistical sup.port to private andgovernmental personnel, based on their capablhties. The incident commander shall, given a simulated hazardous materials incident and the necessary resources to implement the planned response, demor/strate the ability to use the resources in a safe and efficient manner within their capabilities.

5-4.2.1 Given a hazardous materials incident, terminate the emergency phase of the incident.

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N F P A 472 - - A 9 2 T C R

.5A.2.1.1 Iden. tify the steps required in terminating the emergency phase of a hazardous materials incident.

5-4.2.1.2 Identify the procedures for conducting an incident debriefing at a hazardous material incident.

g4.9.I.3 Identify the steps in transfering authority during the transition from the emergency phase to the post.emergency phase of a hazardous materials incident as prescribed in the local emergency response plan or the organization s standard operating procedures.

5-4.3 Provide focal point for information transfer to media and local elected officials. The incident commander shall, given a simulated hazardous materials incident, identify appropriate information to provide to the media and local, state, andfederal officials.

g4.$.1 Identify the local policy for providing information to the media.

5-4.3.2 Identify the responsibilities of the public information officer at a hazardous materials incident.

5-5 Compeumdes - - Evaluating Progress.

5-5.1 Evaluate the progress of the plan of action in accomplishing the resp.onse objectives. The incident commander shall, given simulated factiity and transportation hazardous materials incidents, evaluate the progress of the plan of action to determine if the efforts are accomplishing the response objectives.

5-5.1.1 Identify the steps for evaluating whether the action options are effective in accomplishing the objectives.

5-5.1.9 Identify the steps for comparing actual behavior of the material and the containment system to that predicted in the analysis process.

5-5.1.3 Given a simulated hazardous materials incident, determine the effectiveness of:

(a) Personnel being used; (b) Personal protective equipment;

" (c) Established control zones; and (d) Decontamination process.

5-5.2 Provide reporting and subsec)uent documentation of the hazardous material incident. The incident commander shall, given a simulated hazardous materials incident, demonstrate the ability to report and document the incident consistent with the local, state, and federal requirements.

5.5.2.1 Identify the reporting requirements of federal, state, and local agencies.

5-5.2.2 Identify the importance of documentation for a hazardous materials incident including training records, exposure records, incident reports, and critique reports.

5-5.9.3 Identify the steps in keeping an activity log and exposure records for hazardous materials incidents.

5-5.9.4 Identify the requirements for compiling hazardous materials incident reports found in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures. - - -

5-5.9.5 Identify the requirements for filing documents and maintain. ing records found in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating pro~cedures. -

5.5.3 Conduct a multi-agency critique of the hazardous materials incideflt. The incident commander shall, given the details of a simulated hazardous materials incident, conduct a critique of the

. incident.

5-5.5.1 Identify the procedure for conducting a critique of a hazardous materials incident.

Appendix A

This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document, but is included for information purposes only.

.4,-1-1.2 Def'mitlous of Responder Levels.

(a) Awareness Level. First responders at the awareness level are those persons who, in the course of their normal duties, may be the first on the scene of an emergency involving haz,3rdous materials. First responders at the awareness level are expected to recognize hazardous material presence, protect themselves, call for trained personnel, and secure the area.

(b) Operational Level. First responders at the operational level are those persons who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials as part of the initial response w the incident for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. First responders at the operational level shall be trained to respond in a defensive fashion to control the release from a safe distance, to keep it from spreading, and to prevent exposures.

(c) Technician Level. Hazardous materials technicians are those persons who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous materials for the purpose of controlling the release. Hazardous materials technicaans are expected to use specialized chemical protective clothing and specialized control equipment.

(d) Command Level. Incident commanders are those persons who are responsible for directing and coordinating all aspects of a hazardous materials incident.

List of Tasks by Responder Level.

~ a l y ~ T~k~.

(a) Awareness Level. The first responder at the awareness level shall analyze an emergency to determine the hazardous materials present and the basichazard and response information for each hazardous material by completing the following tasks:

1. Detect the presence of the hazardous materials;

9. Survey a hazardous materials incident, without intervention, to identify the name, UN/NA identification number, or type placard applied for any hazardous materials involved; and

3. Collect hazard and response information from the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

(b) Operational Level. The fast responder at the operational level shall be competent at the awareness level and be able to analyze a hazardous materials incident to determine the magnitude of problem in terms of outcomes by completing the following tasks:

1. Survey the hazardous materials incident to determine the containment systems and materials involved, whether hazardous materials have been released, and the surrounding conditions;

9. Collect hazard and response information from a material safety data sheets (MSDS), CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, and shipper/ manufacturer contacts;

3. Estimate the likely behavior of a material and its containment system, based on information collected; and

4. ' Identify the resources to estimate the extent of the hazards within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incident.

(c) Technician Level. The hazardous materials technicial shall be competent at the operational level and be able to analyze a hazardous materials incident to determine the magnitude of the problem in terms of outcomes by completing the following tasks:

1. Survey the hazardous materials incident to identify special containment systems involved, to identify or classify unknown materials, to verify the identity of hazardous materials, and to determine concentrations of hazardous materials;

9. Collect and interpret hazard and response information from printed resources, technical resources, computer databases, and monitoring equipment;

3. Determine the type and extent of damage to containment systems;

4. Predict the likely behavior when materials are released; and

5. Estimate the size of an engulfed area using comliuter modeling, monitoring equipment, or specialists in this area.

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N F P A 472 - - A 9 2 T C R

(d) Command Level. The incident commander shall be competent to analyze a hazardous materials incident at the operational level with the addition of the following task:

: b

1. Estimate the potential outcomes within the engulfed area at a hazardous materials incident.

p l a n n i n g T a l i k B . , ,

(a) Awareness Level The first responder at the awareness level is required to respond in a manner conssstent with the local emergency response plan and/or the organization's standard operating procedures. •

(b) Operational Level The first responder at the operational level shall plan a response within the capabilities and competencies of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by completing the. following tasks:

1. Describe the response objectives for hazardous materials incidents;

2. Descril~e the defensive options available by response objective;

3. Determine if the personal protective equipment provided is appropriate for implementing each action option; '

4. Identify the emergency decontamination procedures; and

5. Describe the role of the first responder at the operational level in the safe execution of the plan of action.

(c) Technician Level: The hazardous materials technician shall be competent at both the first responder awareness and operational levels and be able to plan a response within the capabilities of available personnel,personal protective equipment, and control equipment by completing the following tasks:


2. Identify the potential action options available by response objective;

3. Select ~ e personal protective equipment required for a given action opuon;

4. Select the appropriate decontamination procedures; and

5. Develop a plan of action, including safety considerations, consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures and within the capability of the available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment• . . '

(d) Command Level The incident commander shall be competent in planninga response within the capabilities and competencies of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment by completing the foUowing tasks:

I. Determine the response objectives for hazardous materials incidents;

2. Identify the potential action options (defensive, offensive, • and non-intervention) available by response objective;


4. Develop a plan of action consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's itandard operating proce~[ures andwithin the capability of available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment.

Implementation Tasks.

(a) Awareness Level. The first responder, at the awareness level shall be able to implement a response consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization's standard operating procedures, and the current ediuon of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook by completing the following tasks:

I• Initiate protective actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organlzadon's standard operating procedures, and the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook and

2. Initiate the notification process'specified in the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures.

(b) Operational Level. The first responder at the operational Idvel shall be competent at the awareness level and be able to implement the planned response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures by completing the following tasks:

I. Establish and enforce scene control procedures including control zones, decontamination, and communications;

2. Initiate the incident management system (IMS);

3. Don, work in, and doff personal protective equipment provided by the authority havingjurisdicuon; and

J

'4. Perform the defensive control actions identified in the plan of action.

(c) Technician Level. The hazardous materials technician shall be competent at both the first responder awareness and operational levels and be able to implement the planned response, to favorably change the outcomes consistent with the organization s standard operating procedures or a site safety plan by completing the following tasks: , " ,

• 1. Perform the duties of an assigned position within the local incident management system (IMS) for hazardous materials incidents;

2. Don, work in, and doff appropriate personal protective clothing, including but not limitedto both hquid splash and vapor protecuve clothing with appropriate respiratory protection; and

3. Perform the control functions identified in the plan of action.

(d) Command Level. The incident commander shall be' competent at the operational level and be able to implement a response to favorably change the outcomes consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating procedures by completing the followmg tasks:

1. Implement the incid'ent management system including the specified procedures for notification and utilization of noniocal resources (including private, state, and federal government personnel);

• Z Direct resources (private, governmental, and others) with "expected task assignments and on-scene activities, provide management overview, technical review, and logistical support to private and governmental sector personnel; and

8. Provide focal point for information transfer to media and local elected officials;

Evaluation Tasks.

(a) Awareness Level. The first responder at the awareness level has no competencies for evaluating progress and adjusting accordingly.

(b) Operational Level. The first responder at~the operational level shall be competent at the awareness level and be able to.evaluate the progress of the actions taken to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiendy by completing the following tasks:

1. Evaluate the status of the defensive actions taken in accomplishing the response objectives; and

Z Communicate the status of the planned response.

(c) Technician Level. The hazardous materials technician shall be competent in evaluatingthe progress of the planned response to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiendy ~md adjust the plan accordingly•

• 6 4 7

NFPA 472 m

(d) Command Level. The incident commander shall be competent at the operational level and be able to evaluate the progress of the planned response to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiently and adjust the plan of action accordingly and complete the following tasks:

1. Provide subsequent documentation of the hazardous materials incident;

2. Conduct a post-incident analysis of the hazardous materials incident; and

3. Communicate the findings and recommendations to the authority having jurisdiction.

A-I-2 Hazardous Materials. There are many definitions and ' descriptive names being used for the term hazardous materials, each of which depends on the nature of the problem being addressed.

Unfortunately, there is no one list or definition that covers everything. The United States agencies involved, as well as state and local ~overnments, have different purposes for regulating hazardous materials that, under certain circumstances, pose a risk to the public or the environment.

(a) Hazardous Materials. The U.S. Department of Transporta- tion (DOT) uses the term hazardous matenals, which covers e]even hazard classes, some of which have sub-categories dalled divisions. DOT includes in its regulations hazardous substances and hazardous wastes as Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials, both of which are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), if their inherent properties would not otherwise be covered.

(b) Hazardous Substances. EPA uses the term hazardous substance for the chemicals that, ff released into the environment above a certain amount, must be reported, and, depending on the threat to the environment, federal fnvolvement in handling the incident can be authorized. A list of the hazardous substances is gublished in 40 CFR Part 302, Table 302.4. The U.S• Occupational

a_fe W and Health Administration (OSHA) uses the term hazardous substance in 29 CFR Part 1910•120, which resulted from Tide I of SARA and covers emergency response. OSHA uses the term differently than EPA. Hazardous substances, as used by OSHA, cover every.chemical regulated by both DOT and EPA.

(c) Extremely Hazardous Substances. EPA uses the term extremely hazardous substance for the chemical that must be reported to the appropriate authorities ffreleased above the threshold'reportingquantity. Each substance has a threshold reporting quantity. The list of extremely hazardous substances is identified in Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (40 CFR Part 355).

(d) Toxic Chemicals. EPA uses the term toxic chemical for chemicals whose total emissions or releases must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that manufac- ture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical. The list of toxic chemicals is idefitified in Title IIl of SARA.

(e) Haz~dous Wastes. EPA uses the term hazardous wastes for chemicals that are regulated under the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act (40 CFR Part 261.33). Hazardous wastes in transportation are regulated by DOT (49 CFR Parts 170-179).

(0 Hazardous Chemicals. OSHA uses the term hazardous chemical to denote any chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the workplace. Hazardous chemicals cover a broader group of chemicals than the other chemical lists.

(g) Dangerous Goods. In Canada' the transportation of Dangerous Acts call hazardous materials by the term Dangerous Goods.

A-2-2.1.1 See A-1-2.

A-2-2.1.2 Def'mRious of Department of Transportation Hazard Classes and Divisions. Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, uPerformance-Oriented Packaging Standards; Changes to Classification, Hazard Communication, -- Packaging and Handling Recguirements Based on UN Standards and Agency Initiative; Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 55, No. 246, December 21, 1990, pages 52402-52729.

A92 TCR

clw, 1 (Explosives)

Explosive means any substance or ardcle, including a device, that is designed to function by explosion (i.e., an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to funcdon b y explosion• Explosives in Class 1 are divided into six divisions. Each division will have a letter designation.

Division 1.1 consists of explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. A mass explosion is one th-at affects almost the entire Ioad instanta- neously.

t

Examples of Division 1.1 explosives include: black powder, dynamRe, and TNT.

Division 1.2 consists of explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.

Examples of Division 1.2 explosives include: aerial flares, detonating cord, and power device cartridges.

Division 1.3 consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard.

Examples of Division 1.3 explosives include: liquid fueled rocket motors and propellant explosives.

Division 1.4 consists ofex losive devices that resent a minor • P . . . . P .

explosion hazard. No devtce m the divlsmn may contam more than 25 g (0.9 oz) of a detonating material.

Examples of Division 1.4 explosives include: line throwing rockets, practice ammunition, and signal cartridges.

Division 1.5 consists of very insensitive explosives. This division is comprised of substances that have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport.

Examples of Division 1.5 explosives include: prilled ammonium nitrate fertilizer-fuel oil mixtures (Blasting Agents).

Division 1.6 consists of extremely insensitive articles that do not have a mass explosive hazard. This division is comprised of articles that contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and that demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.

C ! ~ 2

Division 2.1 (Flammable Gas) means any material that is a gas at 20°C (68°F) or less and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) of pressure, a material that has a boiling-point of 20°C (68°F) or less at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) that

(1) Is ignitable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air; or

(2) Has a flammable range at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) with air of at least 12 percent regardless of the lower limit.

Examples of Division 2.1 gases include: inhibited butaclienes, methyl chloride, and propane.

Division 2.2 (Non-flammable, Non-poisonous Compressed Gas, !ncluding compressed gas, liquefiedgas,pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed gas in solution) A non-flammable, non-poisunous compressed gas means any material (or mixture) that exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (41 psia) at 20°C (68eF).

A cryogenic liquid means a refrigerated l iquefed gas having a boiling point colder than -900C (-130°F) at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) ab.solute.

Examples of Division'2.2 gases include: anhydrous ammonia, cryogenic argon, carbon clio" xide, and compressed nitrogen.

Division 2.3 (Poisonous Gas) means a material 'that is a g'~ at 20eC (68 °F) or less a n d a pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi or 1 aim), a material that has a boiling point of 20°C (68 eF) or less at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi), and that

648

(1) Is known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation; or;

(2) In the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans because, when tested on laboratory animals, it has an LCs0 value not more than 5000 ppm.

Examples of Division 9.3 gases include: anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, arsine, chlorine, and methyl bromide.

Hazard zones are associated with Division 2.3 materials: "

(1) . Hazard z o n e A- LC~0 less than or equal to 200 ppm.

, (2) . Hazard zone B - LC~0 greater than 200ppm and less than or equal to 1000 ppm.

(3) Hazard zone C- LCs0 greater than 1000 ppm and less than or equal to 3000 ppm.

(4) Hazard zone D - LC~0 greater than 3000 ppm and less than or equal to 5000 ppm.

a

O a u $ (Flmnmable Liquid)

. Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flash point of not more than 60°C (140°F).

Examples of Cla.~ 3 liquids include: acetone, amyl acetate, gasoline, methyl alcohol, and toluene.

Combustible Liquid

Combustible Liquid means any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash point above 60°C (140°F) and below 93°C (140°F). Flammable liquids with a flash point above 38°C (IO0°F) may be reclassified as a combustible liquid.

Example of combustible liquids: mineral oil and peanut oil.

C ! ~ 4

Division 4.1 (Flammable Solid) means any of the following three types of materials m

(I) Wetted explosives explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or plasticizers to suppress explosive properties.

(2) Self-reactive materials materials that are liable to undergo, at normal or elevated temperatures, a strongly exothermal decomposi- tion caused by excessively high transport temperatures or by contamination.

• (3) Readily combustible solids; solids that may cause a fire through friction and any metal powders that can be ignited.

Examples of Division 4.1 materials include: magnesium (pellets, turnings, or ribbons) and nitrocellulose.

Division 4.2 (Spontaneously Corfibustible Material) means any of the following materials - -

(1). Pyrophoric material a liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition source, can ignite within 5 minutes aftercoming in contact with air.

(2) Self-heating material a material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.

Examples of Division 4.2 materials include: aluminum alkyls, charcoal briquettes, magnesium alkyls, and phosphorus.

Division 4.3 (Dangerous When Wet Material) means a matenal that, ,by contact ~(,ith water, is liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of the material, per hour.

Examples of Division 4.3 materials include: calcium carbide, magnesium powder, potassium metal alloys, and sodium hydride.

Class 5

Division 5.1 (Oxidizer) means a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.

N F P A 4 7 2 - - A 9 2 T C R

Examples of Division 5.1 materials include: ammonium nitrate, bromine trifluoride, and calcium hypochlorite.

Division 5.2 (Organic Peroxide) means any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent-O-O- structure and that may be considered ~/derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.

Division 5.2 (Organic Peroxide) are assigned to one of seven types:

- Type A organic peroxide that can detonate or deflagrate rapidly as packaged for transport. Transportation of type A organic peroxidesis forbidden. • . . ,

x

- Type B organic peroxide that neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly,but can undergo a thermal explosion.

- Type C organic peroxide that neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly and cannot undergo a thermal explosion

. Typ6 D organic peroxide that detonates only partially or deflagrates slowly, with medium to no effect when heated under confinement.

- Type E organic peroxide that neither detonates nor deflagrates and shows low, or no, effect when heated under confinement.

. Type F organic peroxide that will not detonate, does not deflagrate, shows only a low, or no, effect if heated when confmed, and has low or, no explosive power.

• - Type G organic peroxide that will not detonate, does not deflagrate, shows no effect if heated when confined, and has no explosive power, is thermally stable, and is desensitized:

Examples of Division 5.9 materials include: dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl, ethyl ketone peroxide, ahd peroxyacetic acid.

Class 6 /

Division 6.1 (Poisonous Materi:il) means a material, other than a gas, that is either known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxictty, is presumed to be toxic to humans, including irritating m~/terials that cause irritation.

Examples of Division 6.1 materials include: aniline, arsenic compounds,.carbon tdtrachloride, hydrocyanic acid, and tear gas.

Division 6.2 (Infectious Substance) means a viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes or may cause disease in humans or animals. Infectious substance and etiologic agent are synonymous.

Examples of Division 6.9 materials include: anthrax, botulism, rabies, and tetanus.

Class 7

Radioactive material means may material having a specific activity greater than 0.002 microcuries per gram (ttCi/g).

Examples of Class 7 materials include: cobalt, uranium hexafluo- ride, and "yellow cake.

Class 8

Corrosive material means a liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in hum/m skin tissue at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.

Examples of Class'8 materials include: nitric acid, phosphorus trichloride, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid.

CInr.9 9

Miscellaneous hazardous material means a material that presents a hazard during transport, but that is not included in another hazard class, including - -

(1) Any material that has an anesthetic, noxious, or other similar property that could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew member so as to prevent the correct performance of assigned duties; and

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N F P A 4 7 2 - - A 9 2 T C R

(2) Any material that is not included in any other hazard class, but is subject to the DOT requirements (a hazardous substance or a hazardous waste).

Examples of Class 9 materials include: adipic add, hazardous substances (e.g., PCBs) and molten sulfur.

ORM-D Material

An ORM-D material means a material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quanuty, and packaging.

Examples of ORM-D materials include: consumer commodities and small 'aims ammunition.

Forbidden means prohibited from being offered or accepted for transportation. Prohibition does not apply if these materials are diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in devices.

A-2-2.1.3 See A-2-2.1.2. °

A-2-2.1.9 These clues would include odors, gas leaks, fire or vapor cloud, visible corrosive actions or chemical reactions, pooled liquids, hissing of pressure releases, condensation lines on pressure tanks, injured injured victims or casualties.

A-2-2.3 It is the intent of this standard that the first responder at the awareness level be taught the noted competency to a specific task level. This task level would be to have knowledge of the contents of the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook or other reference material provided, The awareness level responder should be familiar with the information provided in those documents so that they can use it to assist with accurate notification of an incident and take protective actions.

A-2-2.$.1 The six ways are: thermal, radioactive, asphyxiation, chemical, etiologic, and mechanical. There may also be psychological harm.

A-2-2.3.2 These are: contact, absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. Absorption includes entry through the eyes and through pufictures.

I

A-3-2.1 ,The survey of the incident includes an inventory of the t ~ e contmnments systems revolved, ~denuflcauon markings on contmn- merit systems, quantity in or capaci~ of containment systems, materials involved, release informauon, and surrounding conditions. The accuracy of the data must be verified•

A-3-2.1.1 Examples should include all containment systems including non-bulk packaging, hulk packaging, vessels, and facility containment systems:such as piping, open piles, reactors, storage bins, etc. Refer to the Chemical Manufacturers Association/Association of American Railroads Hazardous Materials Technical Bulletin P;lckaging for Transporting Hazardous and Non-hazardous Materials, issued June 1989.

A-&2.1A List of surrounding conditions should include: topography, land use, accessibility, weather conditions, bodi.'es of water, public- exposure potential, and nature and extent of injuries. Also, include building information such as floor drains, ventilation ducts, air returns, etc., when appropriate.

A-3-2.3 Predicting the likely behavior of a hazardous material and its container requires the ability to determine the following skills. The ability to identify the types of stress involved and the ab~ity to predict the type of breach, release, dispersion pattern, length of contact, and the health and physical hazards associated with thematerial and its container. Reference can be made to Benner, Ludwig, Jr., A Textbook for Use in the Study of" Hazardous Materials Emergencies, 2ndEdition, Luffed Industries, Inc., Oaktoo, VA, 1978 or the National Fire Academy's training program Hazardous Materials Incident Response, 1984.

A-3-2.&2 The five types of stress that could cause a containment • system to release its contents are: thermal, mechanical, chemical,

radiation, and etiologic.

A-3-2.3.3 The five ways in which containment systems can breach are: disintegration, runaway cracking, closures open up, punctures, and splits or tears.

A-3-2.&4 The four ways in which containment systems can release their contents are: detonation, violent rupture, rapid relief, and the non-violent spill or leak.

A-3-2.3.5 The seven dispersion patterns that can be created upon release of hazardous materials are: hemisphere, cloud, plume, cone, stream, pool, and irregular.

A-3-2.3.6 The three general,time frames for predicting the l e n ~ . of time that an exposure may be in contact with hazardous materials in an engulfed area are: short term (minutes and hours), medium term (days, weeks, and months), and long term (years and generations).

A-3-2.3.7 The health and physical hazards that could cause harm in a hazardous material incident are: thermal, mechanical, poisonous, corrosive, asphyxiation, radiation, and etiologic.

A-S-2.3.7.1 Health Hazard Definitions.

1. Qarcino~en: A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if:

(a) It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or

(b) It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest ediuon); or,

(c) It is regulated by Federal OSHA as a carcinogen (may be regulated additionally by states)•

2. Corrosive: A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contacL

3. Hi~hlv toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categories:- "

(a) A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LDso) of 50 • milligrams or less per kilogram, of body weight when a/gministered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

(b) A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LDso) of 200 milli~grams or less per kilogram of body weight when ar~ministered by conunuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.

(c) A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LD~) in air of 200 par tsper million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or.~2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

4. Irritant: A chemical that is not corrosive but that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

5. Sensitizer: A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemicals.

6. Toxic: A chemical falling within any of the following categories:

(a) A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LDso) or more than 50 milligramsper kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighting between 200 and 300 grams each.

(b) A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LDso) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighting between two and three kilograms each.

(c) A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LDso) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 3,000 ~/arts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 200 milligrams per liter of mist, fume,- or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

650

NFPA 472 m A92 TCR

7. Target o r ~ n effects: The following is a target organ A-4-2.3.8 Some of the types of damage th:~t could occur to contain- categorization of effects that may occur, including examples of signs ment systems include: and symptoms and chemicals that have been found to cause such effects. These examples are presented to illustrate the range and 1. Cracks. A crack is a narrow split or break in the container diversity of effects and hazards that may be encountered but are not metal which may penetrate.through the metal of the container intended to all-inclusive. •

2. Scores. A score is a reduction in the thickness of the container shell. It is an indentation in the container made by a

(a) Hepatotoxins. Chemicals which produce liver damage. , relatively blunt object. A score is characterized by the relocation of Signs & Symptoms Jaundice; liver enlargement ' the container or weld metal so that the metal is pushed aside along Chemicals - the track of contact with the blunt object. ' Carbontetrachloride; nitorsamines.

3. Gouges. A gouge is a reduction in the thickness of the (b) Nephro'xtoxins. Chemicals which produce kidney damage, container. It is an indentation in the shell is made by a sharp, chisel-

Signs & Symptoms Edema;protein urea.' . like object. A gouge is characterizedby the cutting and complete . Chemicals Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium. 'removal of the container or weld metal along the track of contact.

(c) Neruotoxins. Chemicals which produce their primary toxic 4. Dents. A dent is a deformation of the container metal. It is effects on the nervous system. . caused from impact with a relatively blunt object. With a sharp

Signs & Symptoms Narcosis; behavioral changes; decreases radius, there is the possibility of cracking. " in motor functions.

Chemicals Mercury; carbon disulfide; solvents A-4-$.1.3.5 Refer to the Chemical Manufacturers Association and Association of American Railroads Hazardous Materials Technical

(d) Agents which act Decreases hemoglobin on the blood of Bulletin Recommended Terms for Personal Protective Equipment function; deprive the hematopolatic body tissues of oxygen system issued October 1985.

Signs & Symptoms Cyanosis; loss of consciousness; Chemicals CO; Benzene. . A-4-4.2.2 Competency for positive pressure self-contained breathing

apparatus was met as part of Chapter 3. (e) Agents which Chemicals which irritate damage the lung or

damage the pulmonary tissue. AA-4.3.1 Contact Chlorine Institute for assistance in obtaining Signs & Symptoms Cough; dghmess in chest; shortness of training on the use of the various chlorine kits.

breath. Chemicals Silica; asbestos; HGL A-4-4.5.2 Contact Chlorine Institute for assistance in obtaining

training on the use of the various chlorine kits. (f) Reproductive toxins. Chemicals which affect the reproduc-

• five capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations)and Appendix B effects on fetuses (teratogenesis)

Signs & Symptoms Birth defects; sterility. This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA Chemicals Lead; DBCP. - document,

but is included for information purposes only. (g) Cutaneous hazards. Chemical which affect the dermal layer

of the body. B-2 Private Sector Personnel. Private sector employees respond to Signs & Symptoms Defatting of the skin; rashes; irritation, chemical incidents as "specialist employees." These specialist Chemicals Ketones; chlorinated compounds. , emplo}tees have demonstrated their competency in their areas of

experuse. They provide technical advice and assistance to the (h) Eye hazards. Chemicals which affect the eye or visual individual in charge of the incident. " ,

capacity. Signs & Symptoms Conjunctivitis; corneal damage. "B~2.1 Speelalht En~ployee. Chemicals Organic solvents; acids.

J B-2.1.1 Role. Specialist employees include, but are not limited to the A-S-2.4 The process for estimating the potential 9utcomes within an following: engulfed area at a hazardous material incident includes: determining the dimensions of the engulfed area, estimating the number of Product specialist exposures within the engulfed area, measuring or predicting Equipment specialist concentrations of materials within the engulfed area, estimating the Container specialist physical, health, and safety hazards within the engulfed area, Environmental specialist ~denfifying the areas of potential harm within the engulfed area, and Manufacturing specialist estimating the potential outcomes within the engulfed area. Industrial hygiene specialist

Medical specialist A-S-2.4.1 One source of determining the size of an engulfed area of a Safety specialist. hazardous material incident is the current edition of the DOT Emergency Response Guide. These employees provide assistance which includes, when necessary,

working in'the hot zone. They may be qualified by specific response A-S-2.4.4 The resources for determining the extent of physical, training or by virtue of their reguiarjob duties. health, and safety hazards within an engulfed area at a hazardous material incident are: surrounding conditions, an indication of the 13-2.1.2 Training. Specialist employees should annually receive behavior of the hazardous material and its containment system, and training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specializa- the: degree of hazard, tion. Additionally, specialist employees should also receive training

appropriate to their Chemical Incident Responder Level. Compe- tency can be demonstrated through satisfactory performance of job dudes in their areas of specializauon. A-S-3.4 Refer to the following publication: Henry, Mai'dn F., Editor,

Hazardous Materials Response Handbook, National Fire.Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1989. - ]8-2.2 Chemical Inddent Responder C (OFF SITE).

A-S-4.1.5 Refer to the following publication: NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/ B-2.2.1 Role. Employees who, in the course of their regular job EPA Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazard- duties, work with and/or are trained in the hazards of specific ous Waste Site Activities, October 1985. materials and who will be called upon to provide techmc r al advice or

assistance at a chemical incident to a team leader or the individual in A-4-2.1.3.S These factors include'but are not limited to: operation, charge. calibration, response time, detection range, relative response, sensitivity, selectivity, inherent safety, enwronmental conditions, 13-2.2.2 Tralnin~ nature of hazard. Also refer to the following publication: NIOSH/ OSHA/USCG/EPA Occupadonal Safety and Health Guidance (a) Knowledge of product hazards and equipment, !ncluding Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities, October 1985. ' PPE, to perform their specialist functions.

6sl

NFPA 472 m A92 TCR

(b) Knowledge of the Incident Command System and how they are to relate to it.

(c) Ability to provide theleadership skills necessary, at their level of response expertise, to mitigate the incident and bring it to a satisfactory conclusion. -

13-2.3 Chemical Incident Responder B (OFF SITE).

B-2.3.1 Role, Employees specifically trained to be a member of a team that responds to a chemical incident. These responders are expected to be able to safely approach the point of release and have the ability to assist in controlling, or performing the functions necessary to mitigate the incident and bririg it to a satisfactory conclusion.,

]3-2.3.2 Training.

_ (a) The person at this level will possess all of the competencies required of the Responder C level and all the additional competencies that are indicated in this section.

(b) Incident Command - Ability to recognize the ICS Organiza- tional structure and explain the need for anlCS at a Hazardous Material Incident. The responder shall also be able to function within an assigned role in the ICS.

(c) Safety-Understanding basic standard safe operating procedures to include personal and operational issue.

(d) Personal Protective Equipment - Ability to select proper PPE for the specific incident /product spill. Must be certified, as applicable, or demonstra~.e ability to properly use PPE equipment.

(e) MSDS - Ability to apply pertinent information from MSDS to specific transportation incident, i.e., PPE, Health Hazards, Fire/ Explosion/Reactivity.

(f) Products - Ability to understand the product's effect regarding Routes of Exposure (eyes, skin contact, skin absorption, inhalatioh, ingestion). -

(g) Container - Basic Container Awareness. Ability to identify container types listed in 49 CFIL Ability to assist in patching, overpacking, capping, repairing and transferring products and containers for which the employee will respond.

(h) Incident Assessment- Be able to assess incident and understand effects of weather and topography in contributing to the incident, the effects on responders, and-the effects on the immediate surrounding areas.

(i) Response Techniques - Knows and can perform basic mitigation techniques fo r the products/containers to which response is expected. Understands andis able to perform incident documentation, communication and termination procedures.

(j) Response Resources - Familiarity with company resources. Identify the-governmental and private sector agendes that offer assistance dr/ring a hazardous material incident, including their roles and the type of assistance or resources available. Understand the use of Emerge-ncy Response Guidebook and the roles of and assistance providedbyCHEMTREC and CHEMNET. " .

(k) Decontamination - Knowledge of dedontamination procedures. Ability to set up decontamination area, including the selection of PPE and cleanin[~/neutralizing materials. The responder should demonstrate the ability to set up the necessary containmentaround decontamination are a .

i

(1) Regulatory - The responder should have basic awareness of regulationslmpacting emergency response and knowledge of DOT hazardous material classes.

(m) Other - Knowledge of, and implementation procedures, for the employee's company offsite response plan. Knowledge of basic media communications principles.

13-2.4 Chemical Incident Responder A (OFF SITE).

B-2.4.1 Role. This employee shall have the skill and ability to assess, analyze, perform hands-on functions and make appropriate decisions necessary to bring an SCDI (Serious Chemical Distribution Incident) to a satisfactory conclusion.

B-2.4.2 Training.

(a) The person at this level will possess all of the competencies required of the Responder, B level and all the additional competencies that are indicated in this section.

(b) Incident Command - The ability to demonstrate the proper implementation procedures for an ICS as it applies to Chemical Incidents including the involvement of public safety agencies anti other industries.

(c) " Safety- Be able to apply additional safe operating procedures such as interpreting data that impact issues related to physical and mental stress, .confined space entry, conditions that warrant with- drawal and abilit# to understand when a response to an incident should be terminated.

(d) Personal Protective Equipment . Know how to select and properly use all PPE needed for material to which the employee responds. Sl3ecific knowledge of PPE care, maintenance, personnel logs and testang. Understands rationale and criteria required for certification in PPE use.

(e) MSDS - Ability to interpret MSDS data necessary to 'recommend proper actions regarding incident/r isks/precautions/ remediation.

(f) Products - Must be knowledgeable of health, fire, reactivity and environmental hazards and understand labeling test for the products to which response is expected. Must possess, or have immediate access to someone with expertise about the hazards and mitigating actions for products responded to. Ability to assess incident's environmental impact and recognize and direct containment/remediat ion procedures.

(g) Container- Knowledge of or have immediate'access to someone knowledgeable on design, construction, or repair techniques for containers to which employee responds.

(h) Incident Assessment- Must have knowledge or have immediate access to someone with knowledge on the selection and use of monitoring equipment for the products to which response is expected. Shall be able to analyze available data and apply it to modify conditions, exposures and control zones. Determine if remedial action will produce results.

(i) Response Techniques - Has knowledge of and can perform additional mitigadon techniques. Understand the effects of weather and terrain upon the incident and is able to decide on the most appropriate actions.

(j) Response Resources - Understand and know how to access s.upportprovided by federal, state, local agencies such as USCG Strike Teams, EPA, OSHA, FEMA, DOD, NRC, USA Corp of Engineers and local agencies. Understand and demonstrate use and interpretation of data available from sources such as AAR Emergency Action Guide, NIOSH Handbook, Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materi.als Manual, Health, Medical and Toxicological hot lines. Be able to understand limitations of each.

(k) Decontamination - Have knowledge of or access to someone with knowledge of additional decontamination or disposal procedures for the products to which employee respondS.

(1) Regulatory - Have knowledge of or access to someone knowledgeable on hazardous material transportation regulations including: shipping documents; containers; placards, marking and labeling.

(m) Media Relations - Ability of employees to effectively communicate with the media within the employees level of expertise.

652

2

N F P A 4 7 2 - - A92 T C R

The following material is not part of the technical Committee Report 2-3.4.3 for NFPA 472 but is bcing provided for informational purposes only. 2-3.4.4 It is provided for assistance in cross referencing the 1989 edition o f

' NFPA 472 and the 1992 Annual Meeting Technical Committee 2-3.5.1 - Report. It is not intended to be included in the final document

1989 Edition NFPA 472 1992 TCR, NFPA 472

2-2.1 (2-1.3) A (2-1.3) B (2-1.3) C (2-1.3) D (2-1.3) E (2-1.3) F (2-1.3) G (2-1.3)

2-2.2.1 (2-2.1.4) 2-2.2.2 (2-2.3.1) 2-2.2.3 (2-2.3.2) 2-2.2.4 (2-4.1.4.1) 2-2.2.5" (~2.3.1) 2-2.2.6 (2~.L3.1) 2-2.2.7 (~4.1.3.2)

2-2.3 2-2.3.1 (2~.2.1)(34.2.5) 2-3.3.2 (2-4.,1.2)

2-2.4.1 (3-4.2.3). -2-2.4.2 (3-4.2)

2-2.4.3 (2-4.1.5) 2-2.4.4 (2~.1.5) 2-2.4.5 (24.1.5)(34.1.2i

1989 Edition NFPA 472 1992 TC.R, NFPA 472

2-2.5.1 (2-2.1.2)(2-2.1.3) 2-2.5.2 (2-2.1) 2-2.5.3 (~2.1.5) ~2.5.4 (2-2.1.7)(2-2.1.8) 2-2.5.5 (~2.1.8) 2-2.5.6 (3-2.1.1) 2-2.5.7 (~2.1.6)

2-2.6.1 (2-2.1.1) 2-2.6.2 (2-2.18) (%2.2.2) 2-2.6.3 (~3.3) 2-2.6.4 (%2.3) (24.1.4) 2-2.6.5 (%2.1.8.2) (2-2.3) 2-2.6.6 (%2.2.1)

2-2.8.1 (2-2.3.1) ~


2-3.1 A (3-1.3 (a)(1-4)) B (3-1.S(b) (3)) C (3-2~3.1.1) D (3-1.3(b)) E (3-1.8(b) (4)) F (3:1.3(c) (2)) G (34.2)

2-3.2.1 (34.3.1) 2-3.2.2 (34.4.4) 2-3.2.3 ($-4.4.4) 2-3.2.4 2-3.2.5 2-3.2.6 (3-5.1.2) 2-3.2.7 (34.3.3)

2-3.3.1 2-3.3.2 2-3.3.3 2-3.3.4 (3-3.5.1)

2-3.4.1 ~3.~.2 A (34.1A)(34.2.4) B (3-4.1.1)(34.2.4) C (3-4.1.1)(34.2.4)

($.4.1.1.1) (2-3.4.4) (34.2.1)

(3-2.1.3.2)

2-3.6.1 (3-2.2~3) 2-3.6.2 (3-2.2.2) 1989 Edition N~"PA 472 1992 TCR, NFPA 472

2-3.7.1 2-3.7.2

2-3.9.1 2-3.9.2 2-3.9.3 2-3.9.4 2-3.9.5 2-3.9.6 2-3.9.7 2-3.9.8 2-3.9.9 2-3.9.10 2-3.9.11

-2-3.10 2-3.10.1

2-3.11A 2-3.11.2 2-3.11.3

2-3.12.1 2-3.12.2

(3-2.3.1.1) (4-2.5.2.2)

(3-3.3.1,1) (3-3.3.1.2) (3-3.3.1.2)

(34.3.6) (3-4.3.8) (3-3.3.2.1) (3-3.3.2.2) (4-4.2.3) (4-3.1.2.2)

(3-3.2.2) (3-3.2.2)

(3-3.4.2) (3-3.4.1) (3-3.4.3)

(5-5.2) (5-5.2.3)

3-1.1 3-1.2


(4-1.1)

3-2.1 (4-3.3.2.1) 3-2.2 (3-4) (4-3.3.2.2) 3-2.3 (3-4.1.2) 3-2.4- (4.2.2.3) 3-2.5 (3..4.3.4) 3-2.6

3-3.1 (5-3.4.3) 3-3.2 (4-2.2.4)

3-4.1 (4-4.1.2)

3-5.1 (3-2.2.1)

3-6.1 (2-2.2.1) 3-6-2(4-2.2.1) 3-6.3 (4-2.2) 3-6.4 (4-2.1.3.1) 3-6.5 (4-2.1.4)


3-7.1 (4-2.2.2) . 3-7.2 (4-2.5.2.1)

3-8-1 3-8.2 3-8.3 3-8.4

3-9.1 3-9.2 3-9.3 3-4.9 3-9.5 3-9.6 3-9.7 3-9.8 3-9.9

3-10.1 -- 3-10.2

3-10.3 ~10.4 3-10.5

(4-2.1.3.2) (4-2.1.3.4) (4-2.1.3.5)

(3-3.3) (4-3.1) (4-3.1.3.1)

'(4-3.1.3.6/ (4-4.2.5) (4-4.2.3) (4-3.1.1) (4-3.1.3.2) (4-3.1.2.1) (4-4.2.3) (4-3.1.2)

(4-2.3.1) (4-2.3.8.2

(4-4.3) (4.4.3) (4-4.3.7)

653

8-11.1 (4-3.2.1) 3-11.2 ($-4.2.4) 3-11.a (4-3.2.2) 3-11.4 (4-4.1.4) 3-12.1 (5-4.2.1.1) 3-12.2 (,5.5.2) 3-12.3 (5-5.3) 1989 Edition NFPA 472 1992 TCR, NFPA 472

4-1.2

4-2.1 4-2.2 (4-3.3.2) ((3.-4.1.2) 4-2.3 (4-4.1.2)

4-3 4-a.1 (5-4.1.7) 4-3.2 (5-3.4)

4-4.1 (4-4.1.3)

4-6.1 (3-2.2) (4-2.2) 4-6.2 , (4-2.1.a) 4-6.3 (4-2.4.1)

4-7.1 (4-2.2.2) 4-7.2 (2-2.3.2) (4-2.5.2.1)

N F P A 472 A92 T C R

4-7.3 (4-2.~.2.2)

4-8.1 ( 3 - 2 ) 4-8.2 4-8.3 (4-2.1.a.5)


4-9.1 (4-5.1.3.3) 4-9.2 (4-3.1.3.7) 4-9.3 (4-4.2.5) 4-9.4 (4-4.2.3) (4-4.2.4) 4-9.5 (4-4.2.1) 4-9.6 (4-3.1) 4-9.7 (4.-4.2.4) 4-9.8 4-9.9 (4-3.1.3.4)

4-10.1 4-10.2 (4-4.3.7)

4-11.1 (4-4.1.4)

4-12.1 (5-5.~) 4-12.2 (5-5.3)

!

, )

6 5 4

NFPA 471 -- A92 TCR · NFPA 471 -- A92 TCR PARTI 471- 1 - (1-4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel RECOMMENDATION: In the ...

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