NFPA 101 2000 to 2012 - NFPA 99 1999 to 2012 3 hours WEK · PDF file10/4/2016 1 1 Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire NFPA 101®Life Safety Code® 2000 to 2012 NFPA 99 Health Care

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1Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire

NFPA101®LifeSafetyCode®

2000to2012

NFPA99HealthCareFacilitiesCode1999to2012

William E. Koffel, P. E., FSFPE

President, Koffel Associates, Inc.

Columbia, MD; Quincy, MA; Niantic, CT; Doha, Qatar; Dubai, UAE

Introduction

• Numerous changes over the last 12 years

• Most changes will help facilities comply with the Code

• In this seminar, requirements that are ‘new for 2012’ might have come in with the 2003, 2006, or 2009 Code

Limitations

• This does not present all changes

• Many “minor” changes might have a big impact on a specific situation.

• Wording provided is not exact wording

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Agenda

• Global Changes• Core Chapters

• Chapters 1‐11• Health Care Specific Changes

• Chapters 18 & 19

• Building Rehabilitation• Chapter 43 (new)

CodeOrganization

• Occupancy Chapters• Chapters 12 ‐ 42

• Core Chapters• Chapters 1 ‐ 10

• Special Structures – Chapter 11• Rehabilitation – Chapter 43 (new chapter)• Annexes

• Annex A ‐ C

ExceptionsDeleted

19.3.4.3.2 Emergency Forces Notification. Fire department notification shall be accomplished in accordance with 9.6.4.

Exception: Smoke detection devices or smoke detection systems equipped with reconfirmation features shall not be required to automatically notify the fire department unless the alarm condition is reconfirmed after a period not exceeding 120 seconds.

2012 Edition

19.3.4.3.2 Emergency Forces Notification.

19.3.4.3.2.1 Fire department notification shall be accomplished in accordance with 9.6.4.

19.3.4.3.2.2 Smoke detection devices or smoke detection systems equipped with reconfirmation features shall not be required to automatically notify the fire department, unless the alarm condition is reconfirmed after a period not exceeding 120 seconds.

2000 Edition

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EditorialMarks

Overall

• Unless otherwise permitted by one of the following:

• Unless otherwise specified by any of the following:

• Shall be activated by each of the following:• Shall be permitted, provided that all of the following criteria are met:

• Provided that both of the following criteria are met:

EditorialReorganizationandClarification• XX.1.1 Application (no change)• XX.1.1.2 Administration. The provisions of Chapter 1, Administration, shall apply. (new)

• XX.1.1.3 General. The provisions of Chapter 4, General, shall apply. (new)

• XX.1.2 Classification of Occupancy. (was XX.1.4)

• XX.1.3 Multiple Occupancies. (was XX.1.2)

• XX.1.4 Special Definitions. (was XX.1.3)• Now has general reference to Chapter 3

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Chapter2– ReferencedPublications

• 2.1(1)* Documents referenced only applicable to the extent called for within this Code.

• 2.1(2) Where requirements of referenced document differ from this Code, this Code shall govern.

• 2.1(3) Existing installations shall be permitted to be continued in use provided lack of conformity with referenced documents does not present a serious hazard to the occupants.

Chapter3

• Definitions

Normallyunoccupiedsupportarea

• 3.3.21.6* Normally Unoccupied Building Service Equipment Support Area. A building service equipment support area in which people are not expected to be present on a regular basis.

• Extensive annex note

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LevelofExitDischarge

LEVELOFEXITDISCHARGE

LEVELOFEXITDISCHARGE

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Chapter4

• General

StoriesinHeight

STORIESINHEIGHT

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BuildingRehabilitation

• New Chapter 43

• Categories• Repair

• Renovation

• Modification

• Reconstruction

• Change of use or occupancy

• Addition

LifeSafetyFeatures

HealthCare

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AmbulatoryHealthCare

Chapter6‐MultipleOccupancies

•≥ 2 occupancies in a building•2 options for compliance

• Mixed occupancies

• Separated occupancies

MixedOccupancyBuildings• 6.1.14.3.2* The building shall comply with the most restrictive requirements of the occupancies involved unless separate safeguards are approved.

• A.6.1.14.3.2 For example, a common path of travel that occurs wholly in a business tenant space, in a multiple occupancy building containing assembly and business occupancies, should not have to meet the assembly occupancy common path of travel limitation.

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OccupancySeparationTable

18/19.1.3.6HEALTHCAREOCCUPANCYSEPARATION

Chapter7

• Means of Egress

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ExitEnclosureOpenings

7.2.1.5.2

ElectricallyControlledDoors• Electrically locked

• Release equipment affixed to door

• Readily operated the direction of egress

• One handed operation

• Interrupts power supply directly to the lock

• Fail safe

• Basically it is electric panic hardware

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TwoReleasingOperations‐ Existing

DELAYEDEGRESSLOCKS

AccessControl

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PowerOperatedDoorsRequiredtoLatch

HorizontalSlidingDoors

PhotoluminescentMarkingsDOESNOTAPPLYTOYOU!!!• Addresses photoluminescent marking in stair enclosures

• Numerous changes for this edition

• Still “how to do it” not “where to do it”

• Manufacturers are telling people it is mandated

• Similar to mandatory provisions set by local law in NYC

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ExitPassageways

EXITPASSAGEWAYASANEXITDISCHARGE

ExitPassagewayinaHospital

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ElevatorsfromTowersDOESNOTAPPLYTOYOU!!!

CalculatingCapacity‐ Projections

ExitDischarge

• 7.7.3.4* Stairs and ramps that continue more than one‐half story beyond the level of discharge shall be provided with an approved means to prevent or dissuade occupants from traveling past the level of discharge during emergency building evacuation.

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ExitDischarge

Energysavinglighting• 7.8.1.2.3* Energy saving sensors, switches, timers or controllers shall be approved and shall not compromise the continuity of illumination of the means of egress required by 7.8.1.2.

• A.7.8.1.2.3 A consideration for the approval of automatic, motion‐sensor type lighting switches, controls, timers or controllers is whether the equipment is listed as a fail‐safe device for use in the means of egress.

NormallyunoccupiedEquipmentAreas• 7.13 Normally Unoccupied Building Service Equipment Support Areas.

• 7.13.1.1 Unless prohibited by Chapters 11 through 43, the provisions of Section 7.13 shall apply in lieu of the provisions of Section 7.1 through Section 7.12 to normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas where such areas do not contain high hazard contents or operations.

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BuildingServiceEquipmentSupportArea

Normally Unoccupied

Definition – 3.3.21.6

Annex note – A.3.3.21.6

Provisions ‐ 7.13 Area –45,000 ft2 NS

90,000 ft2 AS

Buildingserviceequipmentsupportareas• 7.13.2 Egress Doors.• 7.13.2.1* Egress from normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas shall be provided by doors complying with 7.2.1 where the … exceeds 45,000 Ft2 in buildings not protected throughout by an … automatic sprinkler system

• A.7.13.2.1 Egress from … areas not exceeding 45,000 ft2 is permitted to be by access panels or other hardware not complying with the door requirements of 7.2.1.

Buildingserviceequipmentsupportareas• 7.13.2.2 Egress from normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas shall be provided by doors complying with 7.2.1 where …area exceeds 90,000 ft2 in buildings protected throughout by an … automatic sprinkler system

• 7.13.2.3 The absence of sprinklers in the normally unoccupied building service equipment support area as permitted by an exemption of NFPA 13

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NormallyunoccupiedEquipmentareas• Means of Egress Path

• Width

• Head Room

• Exit Signage

• Illumination

• Number of Means of Egress

7.14– ElevatorsforEvacuationDOESNOTAPPLYTOYOU!!!

Chapter8

• Features of Fire Protection

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Chapter8TotallyReorganized

• 8.1 General

• 8.2 Construction and Compartmentation

• 8.3 Fire Barriers

• 8.4 Smoke Partitions

• 8.5 Smoke Barriers

• 8.6 Vertical Openings

• 8.7 Special Hazard Protection (Hazardous Areas)

FireProtection‐RatedDoor

FireRatedGlazing

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8.3.3.12Fire‐RatedGlazing

8.3.4.2OpeningProtectionTable

Penetrations

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8.3.5Penetrations• Firestop systems and devices

• Sleeves

• Insulation and coverings

• Vibrations

• Transitions

• Membrane penetrations

• Air‐handling ductwork

• Joints

Smokebarrierdoors

• 8.5.4.1* Doors in smoke barriers shall close the opening, leaving only the minimum clearance necessary for proper operation ,and shall be without undercuts, louvers, or grilles. The clearance under the bottom of a NEW door shall be a maximum of 3/4 in.

Smokebarrierdoors

• 8.5.4.3 Latching hardware shall be required on doors in smoke barriers unless specifically exempted by Chapters 11 through 43.

• Health care does exempt them

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VerticalOpenings• 8.6.3 Continuity Exemptions. The requirements of 8.6.2 shall not apply where otherwise permitted by the following:

• (1) Penetrations for cables, cable trays, conduits, pipes, tubes, combustion vents and exhaust vents, wires, pneumatic tube conveyors, and similar items to accommodate electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and communications systems protected in accordance with 8.3.5.1 and 8.5.6.

VerticalOpenings

Chapter9

• Building Service and Fire Protection Equipment

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FACPprotection• In areas that are not continuously occupied, …automatic smoke detection shall be installed…at the following locations:

• (1) Each fire alarm control unit• (2) Notification appliance circuit power extenders• (3) Supervising station transmitting equipment• The provisions of (2) and (3) shall not apply to existing…

• Where ambient conditions prohibit ….• 9.6.1.8.1.3 Automatic smoke detection shall not be required where buildings are protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler

FireProtectionsystemmaintenance

• 9.7.6* Sprinkler System Impairments.• 9.7.6.1 Where a required automatic sprinkler system is out of service for more than 4 hours in a 24‐hour period, the authority having jurisdiction shall be notified, and the building shall be evacuated or an approved fire watch shall be provided for all parties left unprotected by the shutdown until the sprinkler system has been returned to service.

• 9.7.6.2 Sprinkler impairment procedures shall comply with NFPA 25

Chapter10

• Interior Finish, Contents, and Furnishings

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Polypropylene&HighDensityPolyethylene• 10.2.4.7 Polypropylene and high density polyethylene materials shall not be permitted as interior wall or ceiling finish unless the material complies with the requirements of Section 10.2.3.7.2. The tests shall be performed on a finished assembly and on the maximum thickness intended for use.

Room‐CornerTestNFPA286

Lockers

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TrimandIncidentalFinish

70

ContentsandFurnishings

Chapter11

Special Structures

and

High‐Rise Buildings

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HighRise

• 11.8.1 General.

• 11.8.1.1. The provisions of Section 11.8 shall apply to the following:

• (1) new high‐rise buildings as defined in 3.3.32.7

• (2) existing high‐rise buildings as required by Chapters 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 29, 31, 33, 37, 39, 40, 41 or 43.

Chapters

18 & 19

Health Care Occupancies

HealthCareRehabilitation

• Non‐sprinklered must comply with 18.4.3 unless major

• Major renovations

• Defined by 18/19.1.1.4.3.1

• Sprinkler smoke compartment involved

• Sprinkler options permitted per smoke compartment

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HEALTHCAREOCCUPANCYSEPARATION

HealthCare‐ SeparatedOccupancies

• Two options provided within health care for separate occupancies

• Separation of any occupancy from health care, or

• Separation of medical office buildings or ambulatory care facilities from health care

Health Care Doors - Locking

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Delayed Egress Locks

Healthcare‐ Lockingarrangements

Healthcare‐ManualSlidingDoors

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CorridorWidth‐HealthCare

CorridorProjections

Corridors• Wheeled equipment and carts in use

• Wheeled medical emergency equipment

• Patient lift and transport equipment

• Fixed furniture

• 5 ft clear corridor must remain

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StoredorParked?

CorridorObstructions?

CommonPathofTravel– NewHealthCare

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TWOREMOTEWAYSOUT

CORRIDORACCESS

INTERVENINGROOM

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INTERVENINGROOM#2

SuitesSection– TotallyReorganized

• General• Separation, hazardous areas, subdivision

• Sleeping suites• Arrangement, number of means of egress, size, travel distance

• Non‐sleeping suites• Organized the same as sleeping

• Non‐patient care suites• In accordance with primary use of the suite

PatientSleepingRoomSuites

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Sleepingsuites

• Sleeping Suites

• Arrangement

• Next 2 slides


• Maximum Size

• Significant increases – upcoming slide

• Travel Distance

DIRECTSUPERVISION

EGRESSTHROUGHANAJOININGSUITE

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SuiteInterveningRooms

• Eliminates the limit on the number of intervening rooms in both sleeping and non‐sleeping suites

• 100 ft distance to an exit access door regardless of the number of intervening rooms

ANTI‐ROOMWITHINSUITE

Sleepingsuitemaximumsize– NEW

• Shall not exceed 7500 ft2, unless

• Greater than 7500 ft2 and not exceeding 10,000 ft2 shall be permitted where bothof the following are provided in the suite:

• Direct visual supervision

• Full automatic smoke detection

• (QR Sprinklers are mandated anyway)

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NEWSLEEPINGSUITE7,500SQFT

NEWSLEEPINGSUITE10,000SQ FT

Sleepingsuitemaximumsize‐ EXISTING

• Not exceed 5000 ft2

• Not exceed 7500 ft2 where smoke compartment has:• Sprinkler system and complete smoke detection OR

• Sprinkler system with QRS• Greater than 7500 ft2 not exceeding 10,000 ft2where: • Direct visual supervision AND• Total coverage (complete) automatic smoke detection AND

• Sprinkler system protection with QRS

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EXISTINGSLEEPINGSUITE5,000SQFT



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Non‐SleepingSuite

Non‐sleepingsuite

• Arrangement

• Number of intervening rooms eliminated


• Egress though adjoining suite permitted (2nd route)

• Maximum Size

• No increases – ADDRESSED FOR 2015

• Travel Distance

NON‐SLEEPINGSUITE

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Non‐SleepingSuites

• Maximum Size

• 10,000 ft2 (930 m2)

• Note size increased in the 2015 Edition of the Code

109

Non‐patientCareSuites

• In accordance with primary use and occupancy of the space

Suites‐Why?

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COMMONPROBLEM

HEALTHCARETRAVELDISTANCES

Cookingequipment

• Residential cooking equipment used for food warming or limited cooking

• Residential or commercial cooking equipment used for < 30 persons OPEN to corridor

• Residential or commercial cooking equipment used for < 30 persons NOT open to corridor

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KitchenOpentoCorridor

AlcoholBasedHandRubs

Key Plan:Alcohol Based Hand Rub Dispenser

PatentroomClosets

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OutsideWindows

No Longer Required BY THE LIFE SAFETY CODE

Existinghighrise

• Must be protected by automatic sprinklers within 12 years of adoption of the Code

FirePlaces

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SoiledLinen/TrashReceptacles

Trashandlinencontainers• Containers used solely for recycling clean waste or for patient records awaiting destruction… excluded from the limitations…where the following conditions are met:

• (1) Each container is limited to a capacity of 96 gal.

• (2)* Containers … greater than 96 gal shall be located in… a hazardous area when not attended.

• (3) Container…not be limited in hazardous areas.

• (4) Containers for combustibles shall be labeled and listed as meeting the requirements of FM Approval Standard 6921.

FM6921Container

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Chapters20&21

• New and Existing Ambulatory Health Care

ExistingAmbulatoryhealthcare

• Extensive work has been done to eliminate items where chapter 21 was more stringent than Chapter 19

• Numerous changes in Chapter 21

Chapter43

• Building Rehabilitation

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MinimumRequirements

•Compliance with provisions for existing

Compliance

• Work mandated for compliance with LSC for existing buildings (or an accessibility, property, housing or fire code) exempt from Chapter 43

CategoriesofWork

• Repair• Renovation• Modification• Reconstruction• Change of use • Change of occupancy• Addition

• (Historic buildings)

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Definition– Repair

•Patching

•Painting

•Restoration

Definition‐ Renovation

• Replacement in kind

• Strengthening, or upgrading of building elements, materials, equipment or fixtures

• NO reconfiguration of space

Definition‐ Modification

• Reconfiguration of a space• Addition, relocation, or elimination of a door or window

• Reconfiguration or extension of any system

• Installation of additional equipment

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Definition‐ Reconstruction

• Reconfiguration of space

• Affects exit or corridor used by more than 1 occupant space or

• Work area not permitted to be occupied because means of egress and fire protection features are impaired

Reconstruction

Definition– ChangeofUse

• Change in purpose or level of activity, without a change of occupancy, that involves a change in application of the Code

• Applies even if no physical change

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Definition‐ ChangeofOccupancy

• The change of occupancy classification of a structure or portion thereof

Definition‐ Addition

• An increase in aggregate building area, floor area, height, or number of stories of a structure

Repairs

• Use like materials, or materials permitted by Code

• Shall not make building less conforming than before

• Can be reduced to new• Shall not be less than existing

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Renovations

• Comply with existing

• Shall not make building less conforming than before

• Minor reductions in door or window clear openings permitted

• Interior finish = new• Reconfiguration or extension of any system or the installation of equipment = modification

Renovations

• Egress capacity – shall be sufficient for occupant load unless:

• AHJ allows for a reduced occupant load as long as it can be enforced, or

• Existing egress capacity was previously approved

Modifications

• Must meet Renovations AND

• Work itself must meet new

• “Extensive Modifications” = Reconstruction

• Modification of entire occupancy or

• Modification > 50% of building

• Reconstruction not applicable if work is only electrical, plumbing, mechanical, or fire protection

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Reconstruction‐ Sprinklers

ChangeinUse

• Meet requirements applicable to use created

• Meet requirements for existing

• New hazardous areas meet new (exception for health care storage)

• Meet requirements applicable to work category (if any)

PatientRoomUsedforStorage

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HazardCategories

1

3

2

4

ChangeofOccupancy• Within or to lesser hazard category

• existing• sprinklers per new• alarms per new

• hazardous areas per new• Change to higher hazard category

• new

Additions

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HistoricBuildings

HistoricBuildings

• Only applies for historic buildings undergoing building rehabilitation –otherwise see 4.6.4

• Evaluation report• Repairs, renovations, modifications, reconstruction

• Change of occupancy

NFPA 914Code for

Fire Protectionin HistoricStructures

2010 Edition

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NFPA99HealthCareFacilitiesCode1999to2012

LearningObjectives

• At the conclusion of this presentation, the participant will be able to:

1. Explain the Risk Assessment process

2. List at least five major changes in NFPA 99

3. Provide the qualifications for a Verifier

4. Describe wet procedure locations

5. Explain a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis

6. Explain a Security Vulnerability Analysis

Introduction

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Goal

This session will provide an overview of NFPA 99 Health Care Facilities Code major changes from the 1999 to the 2012 edition

CAUTIONS!!

• Not all changes to NFPA 99 reflected here

• Slides do not contain full code text – only general intent – always go to the code for the full text

• Exceptions may apply

• We will NOT cover all the slides

• They are provided for your reference

ChaptersDeletedfor2012

• ALL Occupancy chapters

• Chapter 6 Environmental Systems

• Chapter 7 Materials

• Chapter 10 Manufacturers Requirements

• Chapter 11Laboratories

• Chapter 21 Freestanding Birthing Centers

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AnnexesDeleted

• Annex B Nature of Hazards

• Annex D Safe Use of High‐Frequency Electricity

• Annex F Flammable Anesthetizing Locations

2012Annexes• Annex A: Explanatory material

• Keyed to specific code text• Non‐mandatory

• Annex B: Explanatory material

• Keyed to Chapter• Non‐Mandatory

• Annex C Sample Adopting Ordinance

• Annex D: Informational References

NewChaptersfor2012• Chapter 4 Fundamentals

• Establishes “Categories” based on risk assessment

• Chapter 7 Information Technology and Communications Systems

• Chapter 8 Plumbing & Chapter 9 HVAC

• Chapter 13 Security Management

• Chapter 15 Features of Fire Protection

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Chapter12EmergencyManagement• Totally rewritten

• Coordinate with requirements of The Joint Commission

• Lessons learned from recent disasters

• Better integration with NFPA 1600 Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs.

• Not adopted by CMS – BUT VA does and similar organizations as well as state licensure might

Inspection,Maintenance&Testing

• VIRTUALLY all ITM procedures and schedules now based on risk assessment

• Gas & Vacuum Systems

• Electrical Systems

• Non‐hospital grade receptacles still yearly

• Generators still per NFPA 110• Electrical Equipment

• Gas Equipment

Chapter 1

Administration

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Chapter1Administration

• 1.3 Application

• Construction and Equipment requirements NEW only

• Alterations, renovations and modernization meet new

• An existing system not in compliance SHALL BE PERMITTED to be continued in use, unless the AHJ determines that such use is a DISTINCT hazard to life.

PatientCareRooms

• Governing body shall determine

• Critical care rooms

• General care rooms

• Basic care rooms

• Support rooms

• Anesthesia locations

• Wet procedure locations (further discussion later)

Chapter 3

Definitions

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Definitions

• General Anesthesia and Levels of Sedation

• General Anesthesia

• Deep Sedation/Analgesia

• Moderate Sedation/Analgesia (Conscious Sedation)

• Minimal Sedation (Anxlolysis)

Definitions

• Wet Procedure Location

• Annex note

Chapter 4

Fundamentals

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Chapter4– Fundamentals

• Building system categories – based on the system, not the facility – no intervention

• Category 1 – major injury or death

• Category 2 – minor injury

• Category 3 – no injury but can cause discomfort

• Category 4 – no impact on patient care

• Risk Assessment

• Annex material

AnnexMaterialforChapter4

• Examples of each Category

• Discussion of major injury

• Risk assessment

• ISO/IEC 31010 Risk Management – Risk Assessment Techniques

• NFPA 551 Guild for the Evaluation of Fire Risk Assessments

• SEMI S10‐0307E Safety Guideline for Risk Assessment and Risk Evaluation

RiskAssessment‐2015

• Permitted to use Risk Category 1 without an assessment

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Chapter 5

Gas and Vacuum Systems

GasandVacuumSystems

• Category 1 gas and vacuum systems



• As determined using risk assessment as defined in Chapter 4.

NewVs.Existing

• 5.1.14.4.3 through 5.1.14.4.9, 5.1.13 through 5.1.15 – existing

• 5.1.14.3 and 5.1.14.4.1 new and existing

• NOT correct – See TIA!!

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Category1GasandVacuumSystems

Sources –Cylinder

CentralSupplyRoom‐ Construction

• Lockable doors or gates

• If outdoors, noncombustible enclosure, with a minimum of two exits

• If indoors, noncombustible or limited combustible with 1‐hour fire resistance rating

• Electrical devices at or above 5 feet from floor protected from damage

CentralSupplyRoom‐ Construction

• NFPA 70 for ordinary locations• Indirect heating (steam, hot water)

• Racks, chains or other fasteners to secure all cylinders.

• Powered by essential electrical system• Racks, shelves or supports made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials

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CentralSupplyRoom

Check out 2015!


• Manifold room ventilation• Relief valves vented per 5.1.3.5.6.1 (4)‐(9)• See Chapter 9 for other ventilation

Storage

• Cylinders shall not be stored in enclosures containing motor‐driven equipment except instrument air reserve headers in same location with instrument air compressors.

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Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Permitted locations (5.1.3.5.2)

• Limited to patient care

• Calibration of medical devices


• Manifolds for Gas Cylinders with Reserve Supply

• Entire section deleted

BulkCryogenicLiquidSystems

Totally revised and coordinated with

NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code

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• Emergency Oxygen Supply Connection (EOSC) may be required for maintenance or emergencies

• Minimum of 3 ft clearance around EOSC

• Alternative is in‐building emergency reserve

• The word “any” in 5.1.3.5.13 may confuse this

EmergencyOxygenSupplyConnection

Category1MedicalAirSupplySystems

• Medical air quality

• Be supplied from cylinders, bulk containers, medical air compressor sources, or be reconstituted from oxygen USP and oil‐free, dry Nitrogen NF

• Meet the requirements of medical air USP• Have no detectable liquid hydrocarbons• Have less than 25 ppm gaseous hydrocarbons• Have equal to or less than 51 mg/m3 of permanent particulates sized 1 micron or larger in the air at normal atmospheric pressure

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MedicalAirCompressors

MedicalAirCompressors

• Location

• Indoors in a dedicated mechanical equipment area

• Adequate ventilation

• Ambient temperature range as recommended by the manufacturer.

CompressorIntake

• Outdoors above roof level Draw from a clean source of air

• Located 25 ft. from ventilating system exhausts, vents, vacuum and WAGD discharges 10 ft from any door or window

• Minimum distance 20 ft. above ground

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MedicalAirQuality‐ Monitoring

• Dew point monitored and alarmed when dew point exceeds 35oF

• CO alarm activated when CO exceeds 10 ppm

• Dew point and CO monitors activate alarm if power is lost.

MedicalAirProportioningSystem

• Entire new section and numerous changes throughout the code on “medical air proportioning systems”

• Reconstituting medical air from Oxygen USP and Nitrogen NF

VacuumPumps

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Category1Med‐Surg VacuumSystems

• Location

• Indoors in a dedicated mechanical equipment area.

• Adequately ventilated

• Proper utilities

• Ambient temperature range per manufacturers recommendation

Valves

Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Valves• Accessibility

• Except for zone valve box assemblies, all valves shall be in secured areas:• Locked pipe chases• Locked or latched in open position• Labeled with gas supplied and area controlled

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ZoneValve

Check out 2015

ZoneValves• Wall between the valve and outlet/inlet

• Not located in a room that it controls – No definition of room – VERY controversial

• Operable from standing position

• Visible and accessible at all times

• Not in locked rooms, behind doors, open doors, or hidden

ZoneValves

• Immediately outside each vital life‐support, critical care, and anesthetizing location of moderate sedation, deep sedation or general anesthesia

• Readily accessible in an emergency

• Shutting off the gas to one operating room or anesthetizing area will not affect others

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ZoneValves

• ZONE VALVES SHALL BE LABELED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 5.1.11.2

ZoneValves

Floor plan indicating areas controlled by

valve


• Category 1 warning systems

• Master alarm

• Area alarm

• Local alarm

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Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Alarm requirements ‐ general

• Separate visual indicators (except on master)

• Visual non‐cancelable• Cancelable audible• Means to indicate a lamp or LED failure

• Visible and audible indication that the communication is disconnected.

• Labeling


• Alarm requirements – general continued• Reinitiation of the audible signal if another alarm condition occurs

• Power from life safety branch of the EES• Wiring used for communications is protected• Communication devices that do not use wire supervised such that failure will initiate alarm

• LABELING KEPT UP TO DATE!!• Alarm switches/sensors removable

Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Master alarm

• Monitors source supply, reserve source (if any) and pressure in main lines of medical gas and vacuum piping system

• Two master alarm panels required (on‐sitemaintenance office and continuously staffed location)

• A centralized computer system can be substituted for one of the master alarm panels

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CentralizedComputerSystem• Out of order 2012 & older – fixed in 2015• Need continuous, uninterrupted power, continuously monitored or provide remote signaling, devices are supervised, others

• Software: Medical gas shall have the same status as life safety, medical gas has higher priority than lesser signals provide an audible alert, alert the condition and activate any signaling protocols

Category1MedicalGasandVacuumSystem

Area Alarm Panel

Location:

1)Anesthetizing locations with

moderate or deep sedation, or general

anesthesia

2)Critical Care areas


• Area alarm

• Located at nurses station or other similar area that will provide for surveillance.

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• Area alarm sensor location

• Vital life support or critical care area:• On patient (use side) of zone valve box assembly

• Anesthetizing area (moderate or deep sedation, or general anesthesia):

• Either on source side or patient (use side) of zone valve box assembly

Category1GasandVacuumSystems‐ Piping

• Category 1 Distribution‐Positive Pressure

• Tubes, valves, fittings, station outlets and other components shall be cleaned by manufacturer for oxygen service, prior to installation

• Tube plugged or capped by manufacturer and kept sealed until installation

Category1GasandVacuumSystems‐ Piping

• Category 1 Field‐Installed Medical‐Surgical Vacuum Systems

• Vacuum tubes shall be hard‐drawn seamless copper, either• ASTM B 88 water tube (Type K, L or M), or

• ASTM B 280 ACR tube

• ASTM B 819 medical gas tube (type K or L), or

• Stainless steel tube

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WeldedJoints• Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) for copper and stainless tube

• Welder qualifications

• Welder and Brazing Qualifications per Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

• Shall include a bend test and a tensile test

• Shall qualify on each tube diameter

Category1GasandVacuumSystems‐ Piping• Special fittings

• Memory metal couplings• Rated not less than 1000oF and not less than 300 psi

• Qualified technician

• Axially swaged fittings• elastic strain preload fittings providing a metal to metal seal, rated at not less than1000oF and not less than 300 psi permanent and nonseparable Qualified technician

FlexibleJoints

• Metallic flexible joints permitted where required for expansion, seismic, thermal expansion or vibration and:

• Bronze, copper or stainless steel• Cleaned at factory for oxygen service• 300 psi and 1000oF• Brazing extensions• Supported as required for their weight

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InstallerQualifications

• Installation shall be made by qualified, competent technicians who are experienced in making such installations, including all personnel who actually install the pipe

• Must meet ANSI/ASSE Standard 6010, Professional Qualification Standard for Medical Gas and Vacuum System Installers

InstallerQualifications

• Installers shall not use their certification to oversee installation by noncertified personnel

BreachingorPenetratingPiping

• Positive pressure shall not breached or penetrated by any means that will result in residual copper particles or other debris remaining in the piping or affect the oxygen‐clean interior of the piping

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• Pipe Labeling – include all of the following• Stenciled or labeled showing name of the gas or vacuum system or chemical symbol

• Gas/vacuum color code (Table 5.1.11)

• When operating at non standard pressures, the pressure and name of the gas

Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Pipe Labeling

• At intervals not more than 20 ft.

• At least once in or above every room

• Both sides of walls or partitions where pipes penetrate

• On every story

• Piping shall not be painted

Labeling

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• Shut‐off valve labeling

• Name or chemical symbol of gas or vacuum

• Room or area served

• Caution to not open or close except in an emergency

Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Station outlet/inlet labeling

• Name or chemical symbol of gas or vacuum

• Alarm panels

• Condition

• Area served

Category1GasandVacuumSystems• Verifier Qualifications

• Must meet ANSI/ASSE Standard 6030, Medical Gas Verifiers Professional Qualifications Standard

• Installer can not be verifier• If systems are not installed by in‐house personnel, then they can verify system if they meet the requirements of ANSI/ASSE 6030

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Category1Inspection,Testing&Maintenance• Maintenance (new section)

• Extensive new material – 5.1.14• Based upon risk assessment

• Minimum qualifications• Certified by health care facility• ASSE 6040 Professional Qualification Standard fro Medical Gas Maintenance Personnel

• ASSE 6030 Professional Qualification Standard for Medical Gas Verifiers.

InspectionandTestingOperations

• Vacuum source ‐WAGD

• Exhaust location

• Instrument air source

• Filter condition

• Manifold sources

• Ventilation

• Enclosure labeling

InspectionandTestingOperations

• Manufactured assemblies employing flexible connections between the user terminal and the piping system

• Nonstationary booms and articulating assemblies, other than head walls utilizing flexible connectors, tested for leaks per manufacturers recommendations every 18 months or as determined by risk assessment

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InspectionandTestingOperations• Manufactured assemblies – Cont’d

• System pressure to be maintained until each joint has been examined for leakage

• Safe working condition of the flexible assemblies shall be confirmed

• DISS connectors internal to the assemblies shall be checked for leakage

• Additional testing at intervals defined by performance data

Category1Operations&Management• Information and warning signs

• Pipe labeling

• Shutoff valve labels up to date

• Maintenance and record keeping

• Permanent records of verifier’s testing

• Supplier of bulk cryogenic system shall, upon request, provide documentation of vaporizer sizing

Category1Operations&Management• Maintenance and record keeping

• Annual review of bulk system capacity –sufficient

• Central supply systems for nonflammable medical gas shall

• Be inspected annually

• Maintained by a qualified representative

• Records available for AHJ review

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Category1Operations&Management• Maintenance and record keeping

• Periodic testing procedure for alarms

• Whenever modifications are made that breach the pipe, installer verification test shall be conducted downstream

Category2GasandVacuumSystems• Category 2 systems are the same as Category 1 systems except:

• Medical air compressors, dryers, aftercoolers, filters and regulators can be simplex

• Vacuum systems can be simplex

• Alarm system can be simplex

• Need an emergency plan to deal with loss of systems

Category3GasandVacuumSystems• Many similarities with Category 1 but in general less stringent.

• Existing – 5.3.12.2 and 5.3.13.4

• New & existing – 5.3.1.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.12.1 & 5.3.13.3

• Again see TIA!!!!

• Shall NOT serve more than two adjoining single treatment facilities

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MajorIssuesfor2018• Medical Air dew point

• Zone Valves

• NFPA 99 vs. HTM 02‐01

• Category 3

• Instrument Air

• EOSC

• FGI Guidelines

• Valve types

Chapter 6

Electrical Systems

ElectricalSystems

• Moved after gas systems

• Electrical hazards

• Electrical distribution system

• Type 1, 2 and 3 electrical system

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ElectricalSystems

• New versus existing

Distribution• Follow NFPA 70 ‐ NEC• Critical care areas shall be served by circuits from a critical branch served from a single automatic transfer switch AND

• A minimum of one circuit by normal power or by a second critical branch automatic transfer switch.

CriticalCareAreas

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AreaswithIsolatedPower

Distribution• Access to overcurrent protective devices

• Only authorized shall have access to those serving Category 1 or Category 2 rooms

• Shall not be permitted in public access spaces

• Isolated power panels in critical care areas shall be permitted in those areas.

Distribution• Receptacles

• Patient bed general care (category 2)‐ 4 8• Patient bed critical care (category 1) – 6 14• Operating rooms (category 1) ‐ 36

• Bathrooms‐none

• Special areas (psychiatric, pediatric, etc) –none

• Pediatric shall have listed tamper resistant or a listed tamper reisistant cover (new and existing)

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Receptacles

QuietGrounds

• Now referred to as “isolated grounds”

WetProcedure Locations• Special protection against electrical shock

• Inherently limits ground fault current without interrupting power (IP) or

• Interrupts power when ground fault current exceeds 6 mA

• Operating rooms shall be considered wet procedure locations unless risk assessment determines otherwise

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WetProcedureLocations• Where power interruption under first fault condition is tolerable, the use of a ground‐fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) shall be permitted as the protective means that monitors the actual ground‐fault current and interrupts the power when that current exceeds 6 mA.

Categories• Category 1 rooms shall be served only by Type 1 EES

• Category 2 rooms shall be served by Type 1 or Type 2 EES

• A Type 1 EES shall be permitted to serve Category 2 rooms in the same facility

• Basic care rooms shall not be required to be served by EES

UnitLighting• Battery‐Powered Lighting Units

• Shall be provided in deep sedation and general anesthesia areas

• Sufficient to terminate procedures

• Wired to general lighting branch circuit

• 1 ½ hour duration• Tested monthly for 30 seconds and annually for 30 minutes

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ReceptacleTesting

MaintenanceandTesting• Hospital grade at patient bed locations and where deep sedation or general anesthesia is administered at initial installation, replacement or servicing

• Additional testing at patient care areas performed at intervals defined by documented performance data

• Non‐hospital grade at patient bed locations and where deep sedation or general anesthesia is administered within 12 months

LineIsolationMonitorTesting

• After installation

• Monthly by use of the test switch

• After any repair or renovation

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EssentialElectricalSystem

EssentialElectricalSystem

Generator

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WorkSpaceorRoom

• Extracted requirements from NFPA 110:7.2.1

• Separate room, 2‐hour rating (if inside) or outside (resist snow, rain and wind)

• Minimize flooding

• 36 inch clearance for indoor rooms. Does not apply to outdoor housings

GeneratorRoomVentilation

DamperOperation

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Type1EssentialElectricalSystem

Safety devices

Alarms

Table 6.4.1.1.16.2


Catastrophic failure of

generator diesel engine due to safeties being disconnected

SelectiveCoordination• Overcurrent protective devices serving the EES shall selectively coordinate for the period of time that a fault’s duration extends beyond 0.1 seconds

• Not required as follows:

• Between transformer primary and secondary where only one or one set of devices exist on the secondary

• Between devices of the same amp rating in series

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• Branches

• Life Safety Branch

• Critical Branch

• Equipment

• Division shall occur at transfer switches when more than one transfer switch is required.




• Illumination of egress

• Exit signs

• Fire alarms, med gas alarms

• Hospital communications‐emergency

• Generator set task illumination & receptacle

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Type1EssentialElectricalSystem• Elevator lighting, control, communications

• Automatic doors for egress

• Fire alarm auxiliary functions

• Alarm & alerting non‐fire(life safety or critical)

• Generator accessories

NO other functions



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• Equipment Systems Branch

• Generator equipment for non‐delayed automatic connection

• Equipment for delayed‐automatic connection

• Equipment for delayed‐automatic or manual connection


• Administration

• Inspection and Testing

• Test Criteria

• Generator sets tested 12 times per year

• Test interval between not less than 20 days or exceeding 40 days

• In accordance with NFPA 110

Type1EssentialElectricalSystem• Administration

• Maintenance and testing• Alternate source maintained, supply power within 10 seconds, in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

• 10‐second criteria does not apply during the monthly test. If not met a process shall be provided to annually confirm the capability to meet the 10 second requirement.

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Type1EssentialElectricalSystem• Administration

• Maintenance and Testing of Circuitry

• Circuit breaker‐inspected annually, periodically exercised

• Measure main feeder insulation resistance whenever damage is suspected

• Maintain batteries per NFPA 110

• Recordkeeping‐written records available for AHJ


• For facilities that provide less critical care

• Similar requirements as Type 1


• Emergency Systems

• Critical Systems


• Equipment Branch

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• For operations with less stringent requirements

• Provides limited power and illumination for orderly cessation of procedures

• Major changes for 2015 (It’s gone)

Chapter 7

Communication Systems

InformationTechnologyandCommunicationSystems

• Brand new chapter – still some coordination issues

• Acronyms:

• Entrance Facility (EF) • Telecommunications Equipment Room (TER)

• Telecommunications Room (TR)

• Outside Plant (OSP) Infrastructure

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Category1‐ InformationTechnologyandCommunicationSystems

• NUMEROUS items reserved

GeneralRequirements‐ AllITRooms• Material not directly related shall not pass through or below (wiring, piping, tube)

• 12 ft from electromagnetic interference

• Not subject to flooding

• Where subject to hurricanes and tornados – located away from curtain walls

GeneralRequirements‐ AllITRooms

• Power• Dedicated circuits• One duplex receptacle– minimum

• Environment

• Temp & humidity per manufacturers specs

• Positive pressure

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Category1EntranceFacility(EF)

• Permitted to be combined with the telecommunications equipment room (TER)

• Two physically separated service entrance pathways into the EF


• If remote primary data center is used:

• Two EFs and redundant telecommunications service entrances required

• Electronic storage capable of storing all inpatient records available at hospital


• EF permitted to be in ER

• EF dedicated to the telecommunications function and related support facilities

• Located near service entrance

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• Power• Connected to Critical Branch

• Environment

• HVAC connected to Equipment Branch

Category1TelecommunicationsEquipmentRoom(TER)

• Permitted to house servers and data storage.

• Other communications equipment permitted

• Not used for any other purpose

Category1TelecommunicationsEquipmentRoom(TER)

• Not located in sterile area

• Avoid vibration

• Secure

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Category1TER• Power

• Connected to EES (Life Safety or Critical Branch)

• One duplex receptacle per wall – minimum

• Environment• HVAC possibly connected to Equipment Branch

Category1TelecommunicationsRoom(TR)

Category1TelecommunicationsRoom(TR)

• Located such that any outlet can be reached within 90 m (292 ft) along the pathway

• Minimum of one per story

• Serve a maximum of 20,000 ft2

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Category1TR

• Transformers and unrelated electrical equipment not allowed

• Secure

• Power

• Connected to EES (Critical Branch)

Category1TR

• Sprinklers

• Provide with wire cages or recessed

• Dropped ceiling prohibited

Category1– Pathways/Raceways

• Redundant pathways between EF and TER

• Conduits for cabling when in inaccessible ceiling spaces

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Category1– OSPInfrastructure

• Dual telecommunications service entrance pathways shall be provided to EF

• Minimum of 20 ft apart

• Underground conduits > 2 ft from steam and water pipes if perpendicular, 6 ft if parallel

• Minimum of 2 ft below grade.

Category1– NurseCallSystems• Audiovisual and listed• Supplemental features (alphanumeric pagers, or other wireless devises) permitted

• Patient Area Call Station• Emergency Call

• Staff Emergency Assistance Call

• Emergency Resuscitation Alarm


• Basically the same as Category 1

• Redundant pathways and cabling for backbone distribution system not required

• Some reductions in requirements for nurse call systems – visual only without audio permitted

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• Basically the same as Category 1 but

• Duel service entrance pathways into the EF not required,

• Connection to EES not required for power or for HVAC,

• Redundant pathways and cabling for backbone distribution system not required

• Nurse call systems “reserved”

InformationTechnologyandCommunicationSystems

• NUMEROUS changes for 2015 especially with regard to Nurse Call Systems.

Chapters 8 & 9

Plumbing and HVAC

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Chapter8Plumbing

• New Chapter

• No risk categories

• Primarily references to plumbing code

• Some limited information on

• Grease interceptors

• Gray waste and clear waste water

Chapter9‐HVAC

New Chapter

HVAC‐General

Many of the provisions are a

simple reference to another Document:

ASHRAE

NFPA

Plumbing code

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MedicalGasStorage&Transfilling

• All gases other than medical gases –ventilation per NFPA 55

• Outdoor storage/installations of medical gases and cryogenic fluids – Ventilation per NFPA 55

• Chapter 11 medical gases – no requirements

• Transfilling – ventilation per NFPA 55

MedicalGasStorage&Transfilling

• Indoor storage or manifold areas; storage or manifold buildings, for medical gases and cryogenic fluids shall be provided with natural OR mechanical exhaust ventilation.

EPSRoom• HVAC – NFPA 110

• Extracted from NFPA 110

• Maintaining engine water jacket temperature

• Ventilation for cooling room

• Ventilation for cooling engine

• Ventilation for combustion

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Chapters 10 & 11

Electrical

and Gas Equipment

PatientCareVicinity

• Chapter 3 – 3.3.139

• “A space within a location intended for the examination and treatment of patients, extending 1.8 m (6 ft) beyond the normal location of the bed, chair, table, treadmill or other device that supports the patient during examination and treatment and extending vertically to 2.3 m (7 ft 6 in) above the floor.”

ElectricalEquipment

• Patient Care Electrical Appliances and Equipment

• Permanently connected ‐ Fixed equipment

• Cord and plug ‐ Portable equipment

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ElectricalEquipment

• Administration

• Testing intervals

• The facility shall establish the type of test and intervals for testing patient care related electrical equipment

• Testing before being put in service or after any repair or modification

ElectricalEquipment

• Policies

• Establish a policy for control of appliances not supplied by the facility

• Laptop computers

• Christmas trees

• Radios

• Entertainment devices

ElectricalEquipment

• Record Keeping

• Permanent file of instruction and maintenance manuals

• Records of all tests and maintenance

• Qualifications and Training of Personnel

• Training

• Continuing education

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Chapter11‐ GasEquipment

• Storage of gases and cylinders

• Performance criteria and testing

• Administration

GasCylinders

GasEquipment

• Storage of cylinders (non‐flammable gases)

• More than 3000 ft3, use Level 1 storage requirements

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GasEquipment


• More than 300 ft3 but less than 3000 ft3

• Outdoors or secured enclosed interior space of noncombustible or limited combustible construction

• Secured

• Can’t mix oxidizing gases with flammable liquids, gases or vapors

• Separate oxidizing gases from combustible materials

GasEquipment

• Separation

• Minimum of 20 ft

• Minimum of 5 ft if AS

• Fire rated cabinet

• Several other limitations from

Chapter 5

GasEquipment

Storage in cabinet

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GasEquipment


• Less than 300 ft3 • Patient care area not larger than 22,500 ft2, individual cylinders not required to be in enclosures

• Precautions in handling apply• Cylinders in use do not count• Cylinders available for IMMEDIATE use are not in storage

GasEquipment• Performance Criteria and Testing

• Alterations and repairs require testing• Administration

• Eliminate ignition sources

• Control flammable substances

• Service equipment

• Control transfilling of cylinders and containers

• Signage

GasEquipment• Operation and Management of Cylinders

• Administration

• Special precautions for handling

• Special precautions for making connections

• Special precautions for safety mechanisms

• Special precautions for storage

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GasEquipment

• Liquid oxygen equipment – New section 11.7

Chapters

12 & 13

Emergency Management

Security

Chapter12‐EmergencyManagement

• Total rewrite of the chapter

• Coordination with The Joint Commission

• Coordination with NFPA 1600 Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs

• NFPA 1620 Recommended Practice for Pre‐Incident Planning

• Extensive annex notes

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HealthCareEmergencyManagement

• Senior management

• Emergency Management Committee

• Facility category• 1 or 2

EmergencyManagement–ProgramElements

• Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA)

• Mitigation

• Preparedness

• Critical Function Strategies – next slide

CriticalFunctionStrategies

• Communications

• Resources and Assets.

• Safety and Security

• Clinical Support Activities

• Essential Utilities

• Exterior Connections

• Staff rolls

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EmergencyManagement– ProgramElements(Cont’d)• Staff education

• Testing

• Twice annually

• Based on HVA

• Scope of exercises

• Response

• Recovery

Administration

• Update program yearly

• Update the HVA

• Update the EOP

• Maintain records for three years

Chapter13– SecurityManagement

• New Chapter

• Facility shall have a security management plan

• Security vulnerability analysis (SVA)

• Responsible person

• Over 30 item listed in the responsibilities!!!

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SecurityManagement• Security sensitive areas

• Access and egress security measure

• Media control

• Crowd control

SecurityManagement

• Security equipment

• Employment practices

• Security operations

• Program evaluation

Chapter 14

Hyperbaric Chambers

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HyperbaricChambers

HyperbaricChambers• Three classes of chambers

• Class A – Human, multiple occupancy

• Class B – Human, single occupancy

• Class C – Animal – no human occupancy

• Construction and equipment

• Room containing the chamber shall be AS

• Piping requirements

• Totally new requirements

Changesfor2012• Time to evacuate the chamber

• Restriction on Lithium and lithium‐ion batteries

• Chamber gas supply monitoring

• Use of class I and II lasers

• Fire protection equipment inside hyperbaric chambers

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Chapter 15

Fire Protection Features

FireProtectionFeatures

• New Chapter

• Heavily based on NFPA 101

• Numerous extracts from NFPA 101

FireProtectionFeatures

• Sprinklers

New Closet Exception

Hospitals only

Patient room closets

Under 6 sq ft

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FireProtectionFeatures• Manual extinguishing equipment

• Portable fire extinguishers

• Standpipes

• Compact storage

• Maintenance and testing

• Operating rooms

ReviewandConclusion– NFPA101

• Numerous changes have been made to the Life Safety Code since 2000

• Most changes benefit the health care industry

• Provisions for suites are clearer and more flexible

• Security for clinical need and for security needs are clearly addressed

• Projections into the corridor have been simplified and expanded.

ReviewandConclusions‐ NFPA99

• Numerous changes have been made to NFPA 99 since 1999

• Risk assessment is used rather than the name of the facility to determine the type of systems to be installed

• The laboratory provisions, along with several other chapters have been deleted.

• Emergency management has been totally rewritten

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AdditionalResources

• NFPA Book – “Quick Compare” Compares Health care changes between 2000 and 2012 of NFPA 101

• NFPA.org/101 or NFPA.org/99• Technical Questions Tab

• Members

• Enforcers

• LinkedIn.Com• Search Groups• Type in Life Safety Code • Select Koffel Associates – over 1500 members

Handbooks

• NFPA 101 and NFPA 99 2012 Edition (2015 is also now available) for both documents

• NFPA 99 Co‐edited by Rich Bielen and Jim Lathrop

• In color (all NFPA handbooks now in color)

Questions?

James Lathrop, 860‐884‐7901

[email protected]

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FutureQuestions….

• Join our LinkedIn Discussion Groups• Life Safety Code

• People can join the group and submit their questions or

• People can email [email protected] and submit anonymously

• Smoke Management

• Proposed Changes to the IBC• Ask the Expert

• FAQ.Koffel.com

341Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire

Questions?

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William Koffel

President

Koffel Associates, Inc.8815 Centre Park Drive, Suite 200

Columbia, MD 21045‐2107410‐750‐2246

www.koffel.com