NFEC 2012 Conduct of Table Top Exercise (TTX) By CPT Muhd Rizal Bin Zakaria Senior Instructing Officer Command & Staff Training Centre Civil Defence Academy
NFEC 2012
Conduct of Table Top Exercise (TTX) By CPT Muhd Rizal Bin Zakaria Senior Instructing Officer Command & Staff Training Centre Civil Defence Academy
Learning Objectives
Understand the purpose(s) for conducting TTX
Explore the benefits of TTX
Key appointment holders in TTX (Industrial)
Understand the limitations to TTX
Scope
Introduction Purpose of TTX Benefits of TTX Key Appointment Holders in TTX (Company) Key Appointment Holders in TTX (SCDF) Exercise Methodology Limitations of TTX Sample of TTX (Industrial) DS Solution Conclusion
Introduction
Table-Top Exercises evolve out of the military practice to study
warfare through the 're-enactment' of old battles for learning
purposes.
A military exercise (or war game) is the employment of military
resources in order to train for actual military operations, either
exploring the effects of warfare or testing strategies without
actual combat.
In the modern context, the conduct of TTX is no longer confined
to the military domain. Many para- military and civil agencies
had adopted the use of exercises for their own objectives.
Purpose of TTX
Assess the readiness of emergency plans and response capabilities;
Practice skills and improve performance under controlled environment(s);
Oiling emergency systems and mechanisms -Provide opportunity for agencies to work together and coordinate response and decision- making;
Identify gaps in Doctrines and Standing Operating Procedures, especially in the development of new capabilities, roles and functions;
Chemical Agent
Dirty Bomb
Benefits of TTX
Facilitates in the identification of procedural and policy gaps;
Affirmation of roles and responsibilities undertaken by different players/agencies in the overall plan;
Identification of outstanding issues for resolution;
Identification of resource needs/shortcomings;
Platform for evaluating training effectiveness and identification of additional/new training needs; and
Improve overall readiness for response during an actual (emergency) situation
Key Processes in TTX
Activation & Response
Incident Size-Up
Support Activities
Fire Fighting & Mitigation Ops
Linking Up with SCDF
Ongoing Ops Recovery &
H/T Over
Structure of CERT
Site Main Controller (SMC)
Site Incident Controller (SIC)
Security Evac Team Spill Team Medical Team Fire Team
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Key Appointment Holders in TTX (Company)
Key Appointment Holders in TTX (SCDF)
Senior Officers:
Division Commander & above
Commander Fire Station
Rota Commander
Deputy Rota Commander
Section Commander
Fire Fighter
DART
Exercise Methodology
PHASE I
PLANNING & PREPARATION
PHASE II
CONDUCT &
MANAGEMENT
PHASE III
POST EXERCISE
ACTIVITIES
Formulate Aim & Objective of
Exercise, Determine the Scale,
level and Mode of Ex
EMS Control Debrief/AAR
Exercise Planning Guidance Ex Safety Follow Up Activities
(for Ex bodies)
Pre-Exercise Notification to
Public
Public Management
(if nec)
Main Exercise File
Ex Controllers’ Checklist
Limitations of TTX
Realism – unable to replicate reality including stress conditions
(i.e. limitations to simulation)
‘High Signature’ – do not want to alarm the public
Public Inconvenience – economic and social costs
Senoko Power Station, 31 Senoko Road S’pore’s largest power generation company; supplying electricity to corporate and homes
Hazards:-
Natural Gas (Flammable)
LPG & Diesel Tank (Flammable)
Sulphuric Acid (Toxic, Corrosive)
HCL (Toxic, Corrosive)
Ammonia (Toxic, Corrosive)
Sodium Hydroxide (Corrosive)
Protective measures:-
CERT (Fire suits, fire helmets)
Ground monitors, nozzles & hoses
Internal fire hydrants
Fixed monitors
Hosereels
On 4 July 2012, 1000 hrs, a few disgruntled workers (dismissed for misconduct) conducted several malicious acts to sabotage and cripple the plant’s operations.
Disgruntled Workers
Indonesian Natural Gas Metering Stn
Several supply pipes feeding the Indonesian Natural Gas Metering Station were damaged and that led to natural gas escaping into the general area.
A strong build-up of flammable gas soon develops at the location.
Indonesian Natural Gas Metering Stn
Sparks from adjacent construction work ignited the flammable vapor and soon a flash fire cum explosion at the Natural Gas Metering Station occurred.
Several technicians were believed to be working at site when the explosion occurred.
The fire soon engulfs the entire metering station.
Moments later........
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2
3
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Before fleeing the plant, the disgruntled workers were also seen fleeing towards the direction of the chemical storage area in a lorry.
SIC
• What is the ERP/Alert Level for this incident?
• List the main tasks to be performed before the arrival of SCDF.
• What are the immediate priorities?
• What are the challenges you anticipate at this juncture?
• What are the forward planning considerations?
SMC (Optional)
• What are the critical considerations?
• What are the issues that need to be addressed?
Scenario Development 1
CERT is unable to mitigate the incident.
Reinforcement from SCDF had just arrived……
Media Footages had appeared in CNA, Stomp and other forms of media.
Scenario Development 2
What are the key control points required to set up?
How do you link up with the authorities?
What problems do you envisage?
How do you manage the media?
Scenario Development 2
Sample of TTX (Industrial)
DS Solution (Scenario Development 1)
SIC Priorities Life Safety and Rescue
Operational Zoning
Firefighting and Spill/Leakage Control
Personnel Accounting
Evacuation
Notification and Liaison with Relevant Authorities
Sample of TTX (Industrial)
DS Solution (Scenario Development 1)
SMC Considerations Personnel Safety & Accounting Activation of EOC Notification of neighbours and liaison with relevant
authorities Medical treatment Containment of spill / leak Resources Management Impact on process Control publicity Clean-up
Sample of TTX (Industrial)
DS Solution (Scenario Development 2)
Key Elements Protect and Save Lives ERT Response, SCDF response, Evacuation, Zoning
Liaison with SCDF personnel SIC / SMC Layout Plan, MSDS
Operational Contingency Plan ERP Mutual Aid
Sample of TTX (Industrial)
DS Solution (Scenario Development 2)
Key Elements Notification SCDF
Neighbours
NOK
Media Management Press conference
Business Continuity Affected parties
Sample of TTX (Industrial)
DS Solution (Scenario Development 2)
Control Points Operational Zones
Command Post
Staging & Resource
FAP & Ambulance Point
EAA / Rehabilitation Area
Conclusion
TTX are useful tools to validate response plans and
competency of responders and company personnel;
Improves readiness of emergency responders in the
company and coordination with other government
bodies.