nfc

Near

Field

Communication

SUBMITTED BY:-MANOGNYA1141019040ICE-’A’

Contents

What is NFCHistoryNFC tagOperationApplication Comparison with BluetoothAdvantages & DisadvantagesFuture of NFC

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What is NFC?

NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high frequency wireless communication technology.A radio communication is established by touching the two phones or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters. NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.It allows for simplified transactions, data exchange, and wireless connections between two devices.

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Features

NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification or RFID technology.It’s operating frequency is 13.56MHz.Working distance with compact standard antennas: up to 10 cm.Supported data rates: 106 to 424 Kbit/s.For two devices to communicate using NFC, one device must have an NFC reader/writer and one must have an NFC tag.

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History

2004NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips, Sony, to set standards for NFC. Every NFC enabled device will have “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC Forum.2006NOKIA 6131 was the first NFC phone.

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Contd.

2010First android phone SAMSUNG NEXUS S with NFC

support was released.2011NFC support became a part of the Symbian mobile

operating system with the release of Symbian Anna version.2013 Samsung announces major partnership to develop

mobile payments.2014Apple announces Apple pay, an NFC payment feature for the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus.

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NFC Tag

NFC tags are small microchips which can store a small amount of information that can be transferred to another NFC device.NFC tags works by an active device generating a magnetic field which induces an electric current in the antenna of the passive device which powers up the NFC Chip.The antenna on an NFC tag is made of etched aluminium or occasionally copper.

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Contd.

The bonding bit is the connection between the chip and the antenna.This bit will break when the tag is bended too much.

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Operation of NFCNFC works using electromagnetic Induction between two loop antennas.

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Contd.

Faraday’s 1st law - Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause an emf to be induced in the coil. Faraday’s 2nd law - It states that the magnitude of emf induced in the coil is equal to the rate of change of flux that linkages with the coil.

Considering Lenz’s law,

E = N

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E = -N

Modes of operation

MODES OF OPERATION

PASSIVE MODE

ACTIVE MODE

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Contd.

ACTIVE MODE -

In this mode both devices generate RF field

to transfer data. In this situation any of the

devices can be the initiator and other will

be the target.

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Contd.

PASSIVE MODE -

In Passive mode, there is only one active device and the other uses that field to exchange information.

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Application of NFC

SMART POSTERS -An object that has, affixed to or embedded in it, one or

more readable NFC tags with NDEF messages stored in

them. Each tag is read when an NFC device is held close to the

“N-Mark” shown.Garment tag, magazine page, movie posters etc.

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Contd.

MOBILE PAYMENT -NFC phone will open wallet application. Wallet will

display product cost when user clicks “Buy”.At check out, wallet will display all credit/debit cards

in wallet for payment.Customer will select card for paymentWallet will show the confirmation page.

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Other applications

Access- Ensure secure building area access for personnel with NFC device.Parking- Use NFC to authenticate parking entry and keep record . Maps- An interactive NFC Smart Poster map allows the user to download the map, get additional information on relevant services.Connection with different devices like Bluetooth headset, printer, camera etc.

NFC Parking >>>

<<<Security Gate

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Comparison with Bluetooth

Aspect NFC BLUETOOTH

Set-up time <0.1 msec ~6 sec

Range Upto 10 cm Upto 30m

Frequency 13.56 MHz 2.4-2.5 GHz

Bit rate 424 Kbit/sec 2.1 Mbit/sec

Power consumption Less power Varies with class

Consumer experience Touch, wave & simply connect

Configuration needed

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Advantages of NFC

No special softwareNo manual configuration and settingsNo search and pair procedureHigh convenience to the user, because the data exchange is done by bringing two mobiles together.Secure communication

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Disadvantages of NFC

The system has the limitation that it can be operated only with devices under a short range i.e around 10 cm.The data transfer rate is very less.ExpensiveNFC technology is relatively new, so not every mobile phone will be compatible with this technology.

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Future of NFC

New generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad products would reportedly be equipped with NFC capability which would enable small-scale monetary transactions. Google wallet is Google’s smartphone program that allows users to load credit card information and pay with the swipe of their phone. Visa is expanding its horizons and testing the use of NFC as a means of smartphone payment using Visa credit cards.

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Conclusion

Mobile handsets are the primary target for NFC and soon NFC will be implemented in most handheld devices. Even though NFC have the shortest range among radio frequency technologies, combining them with existing technologies like Bluetooth or Infrared can increase its range of applications.

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Reference

[1] http://www.nfc-forum.org

[2] http://www.nearfieldcommunication.org

[3] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/near-field-communication2.htm

[4] http://www.nfcworld.com/nfc-phones-list/

[5] International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.12 No.2,Feb 2012 by Hussein Ahmad Al-Ofeishat , Mohammad A.A.Al Rababah

[6] Beginning NFC by Tom Igoe, Don Coleman & Brian Jepson

[7] http://www.electrical4u.com/faraday-law-of-electromagnetic-induction/

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