Nfc

NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

MONIKA

08EL

CONTENTS 

Introduction History How NFC works ? NFC phone architecture Comparison of NFC with Bluetooth Uses and Applications Project trials and full-scale deployments NFC forum Security aspects NFC-enabled handsets Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Near field communication (NFC) : It is a short-range communication technology that enables devices to exchange information with other NFC-enabled devices or certain NFC supporting cards .

It can be done by touching the devices together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than a few centimeters. 

NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s .

HISTORY

NFC traces its roots back to Radio-frequency identification, or RFID.

RFID allows a reader to send radio waves to a passive electronic tag for identification and tracking.

1983 : The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton.

2004 : Nokia, Philips and Sony established the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum

2006: Nokia 6131 was the first NFC phone .

2011: NFC support becomes part of the Symbian mobile

operating system with the release of Symbian Anna version.

HOW NFC WORK’S

 Near-field communication uses magnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's near field, effectively forming an air-core transformer. It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency ISM band of 13.56 MHz , with a bandwidth of 14KHz .

NFC always involves an initiator and a target .

There are two modes of communication : Passive communication mode Active communication mode

PASSIVE COMMUNICATION MODE

The initiator device provides a carrier fields and the target device answers by modulating the existing field. In this mode, the target device may draw its operating power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic field, thus making the target device a transponder .

ACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODE

Both initiator and target device communicate by alternately generating their own fields. A device deactivates its RF field while it is waiting for data. In this mode, both devices typically have power supplies.

EXAMPLES

Passive communication Active communication

NFC PHONE ARCHITECTURE

MIFARE CARD

COMPARISION OF NFC WITH BLUETOOTH

NFC and Bluetooth are both short-range communication technologies .

NFC operates at slower speeds than Bluetooth, but consumes far less power and doesn’t require pairing.

NFC sets up faster than standard Bluetooth.

The connection between two NFC devices is automatically established quickly: in less than a tenth of a second.

The maximum data transfer rate of NFC (424 kbit/s) is slower than that of Bluetooth V2.1 (2.1 Mbit/s). 

USES AND APPLICATIONS

There are three main use cases for NFC :

Card emulation : the NFC behaves like an existing contactless card .

Reader mode : the NFC device is active and read a passive RFID tag.

P2P mode : two NFC can communicate and exchange communication.

APPLICATIONS

PROJECT TRIALS AND FULL-SCALE DEPLOYMENTS

India Mobile banking: A Little World , Citibank India Tata Docomo, Mega Soft XIUS (Hyderabad)

United States Mobile payments: AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile Public transit: New York City Transit, NJ Transit, and , LA

Metro . Community Marketing : Google Places,Portland

Russia

Public transport: Moscow Metro and Mobile TeleSystems

France Home healthcare: ADMR, Extelia, Inside Contactless Field service: Orange France Event ticketing: Stade de France, Orange Museum services: Centre Pompidou National NFC infrastructure: Paris, Bordeaux, French

Government Loyalty programs: La Croissanterie, Rica Lewis, Game in Nice Public transport: Veolia Transport in Nice

Japan Banking services: Softbank Mobile, Credit Saison Consumer services: KDDI, Toyota, Orient Corporation, Credit

Saison, Aiwa Card Services, MasterCard, Nomura Research Institute, All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, NTT Data, IBM, Hitachi,

Network services: NTT Docomo and KT Social networking: Mixi

NFC FORUM(RESPONSIBLE FOR NFC PROTOCOLS)

NFC is a standard defined by the NFC Forum, a global consortium of hardware, software / application , credit card companies ,banking ,network providers , and others who are interested in the advancement and standardization of this promising technology.

AT PRESENT THERE ARE AROUND 160 MEMBERS IN NFC FORUM

SECURITY ASPECTS

Applications makers will use higher-layer cryptographic protocols (e.g., SSL) to establish a secure channel.

Application providers and transaction parties, who will need to use anti-virus and other security solutions to prevent spyware and malware from infecting systems.

Customers, can also protect their personal devices and data with passwords, keypad locks, and anti-virus software.

NFC-ENABLED HANDSETS

Android HTC One XL Nexus S Google Nexus S 4G Samsung Galaxy S II (not all versions) Samsung Galaxy Note (not all versions) Huawei Sonic Sony Xperia S

BlackBerry

Blackberry Bold 9790 BlackBerry Bold 9900/9930 BlackBerry Torch 9810/9860 Blackberry Curve 9350/9360/9370

BadaSamsung Wave 578samsung wave Y

Ovi store/S60 & J2MENokia 600 Nokia 603Nokia 700Nokia 701Nokia C7Nokia AstoundNokia Oro

Window Benq T80

CONCLUSION

Market research suggests that over the next few years, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology will be in use all around us.

Shipments for NFC enabled phones are forecasted to reach 700 million units in 2016.

For consumers, the technology will become omnipresent in our lives, and NFC-enabled mobile phones will emerge as our primary consumer ID credential.

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