Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office Equipment Power Management Controls Project Update, October 30 2001 Bruce Nordman, Alan Meier.

Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office Equipment

Power Management ControlsProject Update, October 30 2001

Bruce Nordman, Alan MeierLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

[email protected]://eetd.LBL.gov/Controls

sponsor: California Energy CommissionPublic Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program

Power Management Controls and Indicators

Overview—Research Status• Controls Introduction• Project Rationale• Overall Plan• Specific Plan and Results• General Discussion


Standard Controls

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressorare needed to see this picture.


Cars: Gearshifts


Phones: Number Layout


Traffic Signs, Indicators




Non-standard Controls: Blenders


Non-Standard ControlsCell Phones


Office Equipment Power Management Terms

On, Ready, Active, Idle, Standby*, Doze,

Suspend, Sleep, Deep Sleep, Low-Power,

Energy-Saver, Power-Saver, Hibernate,

Energy Star Mode, Weekly Timer, Delay

Timer, Idle Timer, Activity, Inactivity,

Auto-off, Soft-off, Off.


Office Equipment: What Works


• Suspend mode is known as standby mode under the Microsoft Windows 98 operating system. For systems with ACPI compliance, suspend mode is known as sleep mode” (Dell)

• stand-by mode” — Fully ready to copy but not copying. (ASTM Copier Test Procedure)• “Stand-By — … an optional operating state of minimal power reduction …” (VESA Standard)

• “Standby power — The lowest power mode in which the appliance is plugged in …” (LBNL-Leaking/Standby Electricity)

• “Standby is … the lowest power state where the system is responsive to interrupts …” (PowerPC Reference Platform)

• "Suspend is currently ignored under Windows 95/98 and Windows 2000 because the terminology is ill-defined. “ (Microsoft)

• There is no distinction between Suspend and Standby in OnNow as there was previously under APM definitions" (Microsoft)

Office Equipment:The “Standby” Problem


What Doesn’t Work:PC Indicators

Sleep mode Awake


Existing ISO/IEC Symbols


Problem• Existing Power Management Controls are:

– Hidden, Confusing, Absent

• Power Management Enabling Rates Low• Lots of Wasted Energy• Poor User Image of Energy Efficiency,

Product Quality


Solution• Create broadly similar interfaces for power / power

management control across all office equipment and consumer electronics

• Accomplish this by creating a voluntary standard for interface elements

• Institutionalize the standard through international standards, industry standards, and marketing to industry



SynopsisGoal:

To save energy, increase enabling rates of existing power management capability in office equipment.

Method: Make power management more consistent and intuitive to users across all office equipment (via a voluntary standard).


Office Equipment Energy UseAnnual Electricity (TWh/year)

No Power Management

Now (ENERGY STAR)

Potential(100% Enabling) 48.8

65.5

92.6

0 20 40 60 80 100


Energy Savings (U.S.) TWh/year $billion/year

Existing 27.1 2.2Potential 16.7 1.3

Current Power Mgmt. Enabling Rates:PCs: 25% Monitors: 60%Printers: 80% Copiers: 70%


Overall Plan• Existing Devices / Interfaces

• Develop New Standards (Voluntary)

• Market These to Institutions– Manufacturers (PAC)– International Standards Organizations– Industry Institutions


Professional Advisory Committee (PAC)

Provides project with Guidance, Review, Credibility

• Compaq• Hewlett-Packard• IBM• Intel• Microsoft• Ricoh

• Samsung• Sony• Sun

• ITIC• ENERGY STAR


Specific Plan• Institutional Review

• Literature Review

• 22 Topics

• “Hard” Interface - Static

• Device Behavior - Dynamic

• Other Topics


Institutional Review“Who is Involved in Power Management Controls”

• Standards / Standards Committees (ISO/IEC)– Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment– Indicator Lights– Others

• Labeling Programs (e.g. ENERGY STAR)• Trade Associations (e.g. ITIC)• Manufacturers• Technology Initiatives / Protocols


Literature Insights• Project Rationale• Existing Designs• Approach• Design Principles• Metaphor• Modes

General UI Lit. — not specific to power controls

• Interactions / Transitions

• Indicator Lights• Icons• Norman / Macintosh


Topics: High Priority, #1• Basic symbols and switches & buttons

• Basic indicators

• Changing power states

• Transition indicators

• Underlying archetype of power management behavior, including basic terms


Topics: High Priority, #2• Controlled and controlling devices• Remote indicators and controls• Composite devices and diversity of low-power modes• Power management ‘schemes’• Behavior based on wake event type• Linked behavior• Interactions with non-power modes


Topics: Medium / Low Priority

• Disability• Culture• Temporary changes• System status after

power failure• Terminology

• Language• Batteries• Role of the term

“ENERGY STAR”• Self-monitoring• Miscellaneous


“Hard” Interface Elements

• Terms• Symbols/Icons • Indicators• Operating Metaphors

Scope: Office Equipment (& Consumer Electronics)


Initial Recommendations• Three basic power states: On, Off, Sleep

• “Power” term (switch / indicator)

• Change the international standard symbols for on/off, standby, and sleep

• Green / Amber / Off for power indicators

• Sleep metaphor (and moon)


Three Basic States

On, Off, Sleep

• Within a state, device has consistent capability, behavior (e.g. state change)

• May have more states, but all mapped into forms of the basic three

• “Hibernate” problematic, but tentatively a form of Off


The Term “Power”• For indicators, switches/buttons

• Need standard translation

• Possible “international word” (voice)


Power Symbols• Drop as a symbol.

• Change meaning of from “Standby” to “Power”

• and too similar.

• Recommendation is most consistent with current usage on products.


Indicators• Use Green / Amber / Off for On / Sleep / Off

• Blinking only for transitions or non-power meanings

• Possible standard (optional) audio indications

• Cyberspace?


Sleep - Metaphor and Symbol

• “Sleep” is most compelling metaphor, and has clear extensions (e.g. “waking up”).

• is already common and seems clear


PC Sample State Diagram


Device Behavior(Dynamic)

• Taxonomy of device types

• User expectations

• Device feedback

• Consistency

• Remote controls, indicators


General Discussion• Process

• Recommendations


Budget• Project is on budget

– Slightly under budget at constant expenditure rate …

– ... but future time, travel will increase rate

• Project will be completed within budget

0

9,73617,569

47,844

68,822

91,798

105,304

118,130

129,251

139,028

156,342

167,763176,830

186,919

198,286204,735

0

188500

203000

217500

232000

35,637

159500

101500

130500

116000

145000

174000

87000

72500

58000

43500

29000

14500

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

Actual CostsPlanned Costs

Power Management ControlsProject Expenses throughSeptember, 2001


Schedule• Project is on schedule

– All deliverables and milestones done

• Project will be completed on schedule


Deliverables & Milestones• All deliverables due to date have been delivered

– Kickoff Meeting, Institutional Review Research Findings Report, PAC members recommended and confirmed, Updated Project Plan, PAC meeting summary, Revised Project Plan, Critical Project Review

• Additional products/activities– Web-based outreach material, poster, literature review,

tentative recommendations, approaching international standards committees, initial work with Microsoft, Ease of Use Roundtable


Scope• Project is meeting original contract goals

and intent

• No changes are required

• Project principles should be extended to lighting, real-time price controls, and “smart” appliances


Miscellaneous• Can we assume this is the Critical Project

Review meeting originally scheduled for July, 2002?


Anything Else?

Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office Equipment Power Management Controls Project Update, October 30 2001 Bruce Nordman, Alan Meier.

Documents

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absent power management

indicators standard

lowest power mode

lowest power state

indicators phones

pc indicators

indicators solution