Next generation networks
Dec 18, 2015
Next generation networks
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4G Networks Why 3G is not enough? 4G Business case 4G Networks
Intra-nets (core) Inter-nets (network of networks)
Role of hot spot services Standardization
WWRF: Book of Visions - research areas 4G cases
HAPS (Higher Altitude Platform Station) ITS (Intelligent Transport System)
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Why 3G is not enough?
higher rates than 3G can offer (2 Mbit/s - 384 kbit/s - practical rates even 64 kbit/s) are required - especially in hot spots
multirate (DiffServ) & QoS difficult to realize due to unintegrated core - air interfaces
all-IP required - makes applications developed for Internet to apply directly in 3G
interoperability with other networks and new services require more developed security
3G alone is too expensive and inflexible new technologies create new services, and
increased competition that demand 4G!
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4G Business case 4G must give more than earlier networking to
make it a business case!
*Custom Friendly = adaptive, automated, personalized ...
Content
Service Carrier
End user
Networking participants
Equipment
- CF* configuration- unanimous inter-networking- simple and fair billing- CF graphical user interface (GUI)- security
drives development -new services mustbe created!
needs optimized usage of network resources
- adaptivity - design optimization -> cost effective design!
main power-line!
creates fashions
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4G - network of networks
Fixed access
Office-wide hot-spots (LANs)
Global roaming
Broadcasting
Body area networks (BANs)
mobility
DAB, DVB
2G+, UMTS
DECT, IEEE 802.11
IEEE802.15.3, ERM/TG31
xDSL+DSM*, ISDN, PSTN
technologyexamples
flexible
10-100 Mb/s
1-100 Mb/s
64 kb/s - 3 Mb/s
1-100 Mb/s
rates
rate
mobility 4G
*DSM: Dynamic Spectrum Management
Wire replacement networks-10 Mb/s Bluetooth, IRdA
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O&M
3G/4G cores compared
Back compatible to 2G Circuit and packet switched
network Existing and evolving network
coexistence Weak support for mobility & QoS User rates up to 2 Mb/s
Extends 3G capacity by the order of magnitude
Entirely packet switched All digital design Higher rates up to 100
Mb/s
3G
4G
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Main parameters of different internet access systems
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Main parameters of different internet access systems (cont.)
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Moving from 3G to 4G
PHS: Personal Handyphone System (128 kb/s!), see also http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/March2002/3050.htm
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3G and WLANs*
WLAN drawbacks: 2.4 GHz crowded - interference, especially with Bluetooth
(5 GHz band gives relief, next slide) lack of multi-mode phones security issues handovers to GSM would give a competitive edge
*Wireless Europe, issue 16, May 2002
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Hot-spot capacities comparedra
nge
Range
few meters10-100 meters50-500 meters 10-100 meters
spati
al ca
paci
ty k
bps/
m2
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License free bands in different countries
Bands should exist at the same frequencies in different countries to enable global roaming
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4G Standardization
Main organizations WWRF (Wireless World Research Forum) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Institute) ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union) Mobile VCE (Virtual Centre
of Excellence in Mobile and Personal Communications Ltd)
4G Mobile forum
WWRF workgroups
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Wireless World Research Forum
Founded by Alcatel SA, L.M. Ericsson Telephone, Nokia and Siemens AG
Objectives: Combine efforts of UMTS Forum, ETSI, 3GPP, IETF, ITU
Working groups: WG1 The Human Perspective of the Wireless
World WG2 The Service Architecture for the Wireless
World WG3 New Communication Environment and
Heterogeneous Networks WG4 Spectrum, New Air Interfaces and Ad-hoc
Networking
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WW
RF:
Book
of
Vis
ions
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17
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19
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WWRF Timelines for 4G
Timelines summarized
2001: 1st Book of Visions2003: 1st prototypes2005: Standardization starts2010: 4G field tests
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4G Architectural trends
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4G Terminals Requirements
easy to use - services will be accessed! takes only a little power Pricing must be simple!
price follows customer classifications universal terminal - price come from service
profiles adaptive - all services potentially in the same device
Practical terminal design has many interdependent challenges computational
power battery lifetime
user input technologies
system output technologies
adaptive antennasand MIMO
artificial intelligent andpattern recognition
terminal transmission capacity DSP techniques
software radio
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4 G business model
1. Lower start-up cost2. Quicker return-of-investment3. Faster time-to-market/profits4. Higher revenue potential (cost- effective, on-demand, up-to-date service development)
4G2G+ & 3G
time
Cash flow
1.
2.
3.
4.
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High Altitude Stratospheric Platform
Station Systems* (HAPS)
�~20 km height�balloons or planes (HeliNet)�BW=600 MHz �fc= 47 GHz�rates: 25 Mb/s… hundreds of Mb/s
*see also http://www.skystation.com/sts.html
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HAPS summarized Benefits
versatile: multitude of services in different locations. (2G->) Also, new services
broadband, also to moving stations cost-effective
Open issues most feasible technology? demo missing - first follows in PIMRC'02 reliability in harsh environment service availability (rain attenuation, depends
on radio frequencies)
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Intelligent Transport System* (ITS)
http://www.itsa.org/
- Tele-services- Improved safety- Improved traffic efficiency and reduced congestion- Improved environmental quality and energy efficiency- Improved economic productivity
http://www.piarc.lcpc.fr/
see also: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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ITS summarized Provide multimedia for drivers & passengers Solving problems such as traffic accidents & congestion Development areas: navigation, electronic tolls,
assistance for safe driving … Telecomm development: road-vehicle communications,
inter-vehicle communications Modems along roadsides using optical fibers by Radio on
Fiber (ROF) technology or at 5.4 GHz band Some international projects:
German ministry for education and research: COMCAR
IP based multimedia & telematics applies GSM, UMTS, DVB, GPS ...
EU-project: Multimedia Car Platform (MCP) Communications, navigation, entertainment ...
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4G framework summarized
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ReferencesAbdi R. Modarressi, Seshadri Mohan: Control and Management in Next-Generation Networks: Challenges and Opportunities, IEEE Communication Magazine, Oct 2001Stan Moyer and Amjad Umar: The Impact of Network Convergence on Telecommunications Software, IEEE Communication Magazine, Jan 2001 Helmut Bölcskei, Arogyaswami J. Paulraj, K. V. S. Hari, and Rohit U. Nabar, Willie W. Lu: ‘Fixed Broadband Wireless Access: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Directions’, IEEE Communication, Jan 2001Werner Mohr and Walter Konhäuser: Access Network Evolution Beyond Third Generation Mobile Communications, IEEE Communication Magazine, Dec 2000Qi Bi, George I. Zysman, and Hank Menkes: Wireless Mobile Communications at the Start of the 21st Century, IEEE Communication Magazine, Jan 2001 Shingo Ohmori, Yasushi Yamao and Nobuo Nakajima: The Future Generations of Mobile Communications Based on Broadband Access Technologies, IEEE Communication Magazine, Dec 2000
Toru Otsu et al: Network Architecture for Mobile Communications Systems Beyond IMT-2000, IEEE Communications Magazine, Oct. 2001
http://www.radio.gov.uk/document/consult/5ghz/5ghz.htm
http://protocols.com/papers/voip.htm
http://www.cnp-wireless.com/PCS.html
http://www.etsi.org/brochures/stateart/olanders.htm
Http://www.dectnet.com
http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/story/story_4439.html
http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~gribble/summaries/wireless/wlan_design.html
http://rpcp.mit.edu/~gingold/cable/http://www.etsi.org/technicalactiv/hiperlan1.htmhttp://webapp.etsi.org/tbhomepage/TBDetails.asp?TB_ID=287&TB_NAME=BRAN, http://www.etsi.org/technicalactiv/hiperlan2http:// www.atmforum.comhttp://www.wirelesscomm.globalsources.comhttp://global.ihs.comhttp://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/ WPANhttp://users.ece.gatech.edu/~jxie/4G/index.htmlhttp://www.telecommagazine.com/http://www.adsl.com/dsl_forum.htmlhttp://www.ezweb.ne.jp/
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