Next Back MAP MAP F-1 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Second Canadian Edition Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All.

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Extended Learning Module FExtended Learning Module F

Object Oriented TechnologiesObject Oriented Technologies

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Main MapMain Map Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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IntroductionIntroduction

The explosion of object-oriented (OO) The explosion of object-oriented (OO) technologies is radically changing the way technologies is radically changing the way businesses view information and develop businesses view information and develop information systemsinformation systems

Every single Fortune 500Every single Fortune 500 company is using company is using some type of this technologysome type of this technology

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IntroductionIntroduction

Historically, computer systems were viewed as Historically, computer systems were viewed as logical procedureslogical procedures

Object-oriented computer systems view information Object-oriented computer systems view information as sets of objects that are manipulatedas sets of objects that are manipulated

Objects are anything you need to store and Objects are anything you need to store and manipulate information on such as people, animals, manipulate information on such as people, animals, employees, students ….employees, students ….

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Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach

Traditional technology approachTraditional technology approach - has two - has two primary views of any system – information and primary views of any system – information and procedures – and it keeps these two views procedures – and it keeps these two views separate and distinct at all times. separate and distinct at all times.

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Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology ApproachInformation ViewInformation View

Information viewInformation view - includes all of the information - includes all of the information stored within a system. stored within a system.

Figure F.1Figure F.1Student Grading Student Grading Systems: Systems: Separate Separate Information and Information and Procedure ViewsProcedure Viewspage 473page 473

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Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology ApproachProcedure ViewProcedure View

ProcedureProcedure - manipulates or changes information. - manipulates or changes information.

Procedure viewProcedure view - contains all of the procedures within - contains all of the procedures within a system. a system.

CRUDCRUD – ( – (CCreate, reate, RRead, ead, UUpdate, pdate, DDelete) the four elete) the four primary procedures, or ways, a system can be primary procedures, or ways, a system can be updated.updated.

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Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology ApproachThe Problem With The Traditional Technology ApproachThe Problem With The Traditional Technology Approach

Leads to potential disconnects between the information Leads to potential disconnects between the information and procedures.and procedures.

It’s possible to have the correct information, but not be It’s possible to have the correct information, but not be able to do anything with it because you don’t have the able to do anything with it because you don’t have the corresponding procedures. corresponding procedures.

It’s possible to have the correct procedures, but not be It’s possible to have the correct procedures, but not be able to do anything with it because you don’t have the able to do anything with it because you don’t have the corresponding information. corresponding information.

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Object-Oriented Technology Object-Oriented Technology ApproachApproach

Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach

Object-oriented (OO) approach - Object-oriented (OO) approach - combines combines information and procedures into a single view. information and procedures into a single view.

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Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology ApproachInformation and Procedure Views CombinedInformation and Procedure Views Combined

Figure F.2Figure F.2Student Grading Student Grading Systems: Combined Systems: Combined Information and Information and ProceduresProcedurespage 475page 475

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Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Approach and the Real WorldObject-Oriented Approach and the Real World

In the real world, you actually view a given In the real world, you actually view a given process as a combination of information and the process as a combination of information and the procedures you need to act on that information. procedures you need to act on that information.

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Five primary concepts of OO Five primary concepts of OO TechnologiesTechnologies

Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

InformationInformation

Information are key characteristics stored within Information are key characteristics stored within a system. Examples include:a system. Examples include: Student Last NameStudent Last Name Student First NameStudent First Name Final Course GradeFinal Course Grade

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

ProceduresProcedures

ProcedureProcedure - manipulates or changes - manipulates or changes information. Examples include:information. Examples include: CRUD Student Last NameCRUD Student Last Name Calculate Final Course GradeCalculate Final Course Grade

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

ClassesClasses

ClassClass - contains information and procedures and - contains information and procedures and acts as a template to create objects. acts as a template to create objects.

Information decompositionInformation decomposition - breaking down the - breaking down the information and procedures for ease of use and information and procedures for ease of use and understandability.understandability.

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-OrientedFive Primary Concepts of Object-OrientedTechnologiesTechnologies

ClassesClasses

Figure F.3Figure F.3Class: DogClass: Dogpage 477page 477

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

ObjectsObjects

Object - Object - an instance of a class. an instance of a class.

An object is the actual item represented by the class. An object is the actual item represented by the class.

Gus and Oreo in Figure G.4 on the following slide are both Gus and Oreo in Figure G.4 on the following slide are both examples of objects of the class Dog. examples of objects of the class Dog.

Every dog the system tracks is a separate object and every dog Every dog the system tracks is a separate object and every dog object is an instance of (or created from) the class dog.object is an instance of (or created from) the class dog.

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

ObjectsObjects

Figure F.4Figure F.4Gus and Oreo: Gus and Oreo: Two Instances Two Instances (Objects) of (Objects) of Class DogClass Dogpage 478page 478

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

MessagesMessages

Messages Messages - how objects communicate with - how objects communicate with each other. each other.

One object can send a message to another One object can send a message to another object asking it to perform a certain procedure. object asking it to perform a certain procedure.

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

How the Five Primary Concepts InteractHow the Five Primary Concepts Interact

Information and procedures create classes.Information and procedures create classes. Classes create objects.Classes create objects. Objects communicate with other objects via Objects communicate with other objects via

messages.messages.

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Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

How the Five Primary Concepts InteractHow the Five Primary Concepts Interact

On Your Own

Identifying Object-

Oriented Concepts

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Real-world OO ExampleReal-world OO Example Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example

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Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example

If you created a class to represent each stereo component, they could If you created a class to represent each stereo component, they could include some or all of the following:include some or all of the following: Amplifier Amplifier CD player CD player Cassette deck Cassette deck Equalizer Equalizer Speakers Speakers CDs CDs CassettesCassettes

Each component must work together in order for the system to Each component must work together in order for the system to function.function.

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Three Fundamental Principles of OOThree Fundamental Principles of OO Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

The three fundamental principles of object-The three fundamental principles of object-oriented technologies are: oriented technologies are: InheritanceInheritance EncapsulationEncapsulation PolymorphismPolymorphism

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

InheritanceInheritance

Inheritance Inheritance - the ability to define superclass and - the ability to define superclass and subclass relationships among classes. subclass relationships among classes.

Take a minute and review the Figure G.6 on the Take a minute and review the Figure G.6 on the following slide and try to determine which class is following slide and try to determine which class is the superclass and which classes are the the superclass and which classes are the subclasses. subclasses.

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

InheritanceInheritance

Figure F.5Figure F.5InheritanceInheritancepage 482page 482

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

InheritanceInheritance

The Car class is the superclass and the Bronco The Car class is the superclass and the Bronco and Porsche classes are the subclasses. and Porsche classes are the subclasses.

Another way to state this relationship is that the Another way to state this relationship is that the Bronco and Porsche subclasses inherit all of the Bronco and Porsche subclasses inherit all of the information and procedures from the Car information and procedures from the Car superclass. superclass.

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

InheritanceInheritance

Reuse - the business Reuse - the business benefit gained from benefit gained from using inheritance is using inheritance is the ability to easily the ability to easily expand and maintain expand and maintain a system.a system.

Team Work

Can You Find The ErrorsIn This Diagram?

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

EncapsulationEncapsulation

EncapsulationEncapsulation - information hiding. - information hiding.

InterfaceInterface - any device that calls procedures - any device that calls procedures and can include such things as a keyboard, and can include such things as a keyboard, mouse, and touch screen. mouse, and touch screen.

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

PolymorphismPolymorphism

PolymorphismPolymorphism - - to have many forms.to have many forms.

The word Bark can mean tree bark or a dog’s bark.The word Bark can mean tree bark or a dog’s bark.

Figure G.7 on the following slide shows how the Figure G.7 on the following slide shows how the calculate area procedure is named exactly the same for calculate area procedure is named exactly the same for each class but would perform completely different each class but would perform completely different calculations.calculations.

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Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Three Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTechnologies

PolymorphismPolymorphism

Figure F.6Figure F.6PolymorphismPolymorphismpage 485page 485

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Putting It All TogetherPutting It All Together Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example18 Months To Get A New Product To Market18 Months To Get A New Product To Market

The following is a list of The following is a list of common competitor common competitor problems:problems: 18 months to get a new 18 months to get a new

product to marketproduct to market Inventory controlInventory control Scalability and Scalability and

expandabilityexpandability

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Takes 18 months to get a new product on the market. Takes 18 months to get a new product on the market.

Businesses typically have separate systems for each Businesses typically have separate systems for each business function.business function.

Each system must be updated with the new product Each system must be updated with the new product information.information.

Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example18 Months To Get A New Product To Market18 Months To Get A New Product To Market

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Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example18 Months To Get A New Product To Market18 Months To Get A New Product To Market

Reduce the time to market – use object-Reduce the time to market – use object-oriented approach. oriented approach.

1.1. Create Snowboard class. Create Snowboard class. 2.2. Design an interface. Design an interface. 3.3. Use inheritance. Use inheritance. 4.4. Create one object that communicates with all of the Create one object that communicates with all of the

other objects across every system in your business. other objects across every system in your business.

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Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example18 Months To Get A New Product To Market18 Months To Get A New Product To Market

Figure F.7Figure F.7Snowboard Snowboard Business Case Business Case Class DiagramClass Diagrampage 487page 487

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Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business ExampleInventory ControlInventory Control

Businesses need to be able to have sufficient Businesses need to be able to have sufficient inventory on hand to meet current production inventory on hand to meet current production needs while minimizing the associated needs while minimizing the associated expenses including storing the inventory, expenses including storing the inventory, transporting the inventory, and maintaining the transporting the inventory, and maintaining the inventory.inventory.

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Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business ExampleScalability and ExpandabilityScalability and Expandability

ScalabilityScalability - refers to how well your system can - refers to how well your system can adapt to increased demands. adapt to increased demands.

ExpandabilityExpandability - refers to how easy it is to add - refers to how easy it is to add features and functions to a system. features and functions to a system.

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Types of OO TechnologiesTypes of OO Technologies Traditional Technology ApproachTraditional Technology Approach Object-Oriented Technology ApproachObject-Oriented Technology Approach Five Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented TechnologiesFive Primary Concepts of Object-Oriented Technologies Real-World Object-Oriented ExampleReal-World Object-Oriented Example Three Fundamental Principles of Object-OrientedThree Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Putting It All Together: A Business ExamplePutting It All Together: A Business Example Types of Object-Oriented technologiesTypes of Object-Oriented technologies

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Types of Object-Oriented Technologies Types of Object-Oriented Technologies Object-Oriented Programming LanguagesObject-Oriented Programming Languages

ProgramProgram - a set of instructions that, when executed, - a set of instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to behave in a specific manner. cause a computer to behave in a specific manner.

Programming languageProgramming language - the tool developers use to - the tool developers use to write a program. write a program.

Object-oriented programming languageObject-oriented programming language - a - a programming language used to develop object-programming language used to develop object-oriented systems. oriented systems.

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Types of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTypes of Object-Oriented Technologies Object-Oriented Database SystemsObject-Oriented Database Systems

Object-oriented databasesObject-oriented databases - work with - work with traditional database information and also traditional database information and also complex data types such as diagrams, complex data types such as diagrams, schematic drawings, video, sound and text schematic drawings, video, sound and text documents.documents.

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Types of Object-Oriented TechnologiesTypes of Object-Oriented Technologies Object-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server EnvironmentsObject-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server Environments

Spreading objects across a client/server Spreading objects across a client/server network makes logical sense: network makes logical sense: Client workstations contain objects with local Client workstations contain objects with local

procedures for working with local information.procedures for working with local information. Servers contain objects with global procedures for Servers contain objects with global procedures for

working with global information. working with global information.

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Types of O-O TechnologiesTypes of O-O Technologies Object-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server EnvironmentsObject-Oriented Technologies and Client/Server Environments

Figure F.9Figure F.9Object-Oriented Object-Oriented Technologies and Technologies and Client/Server—Client/Server—The Perfect MatchThe Perfect Matchpage 491page 491

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The Future Of Object-Oriented TechnologiesThe Future Of Object-Oriented Technologies

In the future, object-In the future, object-oriented tools will oriented tools will perform tasks and perform tasks and provide functionality that provide functionality that we haven’t even thought we haven’t even thought of yet. of yet.

Team Work

Researching POET

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Management Information Systems Management Information Systems for the Information Agefor the Information Age

Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Copyright 2004 Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reservedAll rights reserved

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MAP

Summary Summary Student Learning Outcomes Student Learning Outcomes

1.1. Explain the primary difference between the traditional Explain the primary difference between the traditional technology approach and the object-oriented technology technology approach and the object-oriented technology approach.approach.

2.2. List and describe the five primary object-oriented List and describe the five primary object-oriented concepts. concepts.

3.3. Explain how classes and objects are related.Explain how classes and objects are related.4.4. Describe the three fundamental principles of object-Describe the three fundamental principles of object-

oriented technologies. oriented technologies. 5.5. List and describe two types of object-oriented List and describe two types of object-oriented

technologies.technologies.

F-F-5050

Management Information Systems Management Information Systems for the Information Agefor the Information Age

Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Copyright 2004 Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reservedAll rights reserved

Next Back

MAP

Summary Summary Assignments & ExercisesAssignments & Exercises

1.1. Classes in the classroom.Classes in the classroom.2.2. Trees-R-Us.Trees-R-Us.3.3. Object-oriented concepts and a real-world system.Object-oriented concepts and a real-world system.4.4. Understanding object-oriented concepts and Understanding object-oriented concepts and

terminology.terminology.5.5. Explaining object-oriented technologies to your Explaining object-oriented technologies to your

manager.manager.6.6. Classes at the video store.Classes at the video store.7.7. Researching Java.Researching Java.