Next! - An Android application to support tourists activities

• 1. Next! Dario Di Nucci, Fabio Palomba, Michele Tufano University of Salerno Your next favourite site sabato 28 settembre 13

2. What is Next!? The scenario based design Design and development Usability Testing Designing Next! Introducing next! sabato 28 settembre 13 3. INTRODUCING NEXT! sabato 28 settembre 13 4. Challenges of Next! Better understanding of the cultural values, evaluation, interpretation, ethics and identity inherent the tangible cultural heritage, intangible and digital. Challenge Solution Tourist can "enter" in the cultural site and can acquire more sense of belonging and integration with the place where he stays. This will facilitate national belonging and foreigners integration. sabato 28 settembre 13 5. What is Next!? An Android app to support tourists activities Next! guess your next favourite place or look for places next to your position An Android app to increase cultural baggage sabato 28 settembre 13 6. What is Next!? Next! includes multimedia information like images and videos fromYoutube and other Google apps Next! includes historical informations from Wikipedia sabato 28 settembre 13 7. Suggests in Next! Next! automatically know what is the nearest place closest to user interests Using Search Graph, Next! traces all sites visited by users In this way, is easy to suggest the right next sites for an user sabato 28 settembre 13 8. Next! Navigator A webGIS provides data to Next!, allowing the path building... In the future, users can retrieve also parking, foods, leisure near a place sabato 28 settembre 13 9. DESIGNING NEXT! sabato 28 settembre 13 10. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design sabato 28 settembre 13 11. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Actually, the only way to search points of interest is to nd it on a map... State of art sabato 28 settembre 13 12. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design There are a lot of apps, but none of these includes a complete platform for touristic info State of art None of these uses the historical graph! sabato 28 settembre 13 13. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design 1) Tanyel receives information on the place visited Problem Scenarios in Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site 3 problem scenarios, one for all main functionalities of Next! sabato 28 settembre 13 14. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design 1) An user can receive information on the place visited 2) An user can search new places to visit 3) An user can search the path for the next site sabato 28 settembre 13 15. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited sabato 28 settembre 13 16. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited time-saving sabato 28 settembre 13 17. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited sabato 28 settembre 13 18. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited Money-saving sabato 28 settembre 13 19. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited sabato 28 settembre 13 20. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 1) Tanyel receives informations on the place visited Smartphone needed sabato 28 settembre 13 21. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit sabato 28 settembre 13 22. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit Suggests sabato 28 settembre 13 23. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit sabato 28 settembre 13 24. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit Time-saving sabato 28 settembre 13 25. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 2) Nika searches new places to visit sabato 28 settembre 13 26. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site sabato 28 settembre 13 27. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site Time-saving sabato 28 settembre 13 28. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site sabato 28 settembre 13 29. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design New Ideas of Next! 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site GPS needed sabato 28 settembre 13 30. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Simple design & simple graphic elements for immediate perception and interpretation sabato 28 settembre 13 31. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Conceptual division of tasks Proximity Gestalt Principle sabato 28 settembre 13 32. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Similarity Gestalt Principle sabato 28 settembre 13 33. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design PERCEPTION INTERPRETATION MAKING SENSE Use of standard icons Consistency sabato 28 settembre 13 34. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design SYSTEM GOAL ACTION PLAN EXECUTION Virtuality Principle sabato 28 settembre 13 35. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design SYSTEM GOAL ACTION PLAN EXECUTION Icons suggest goals to the user VisualThinking sabato 28 settembre 13 36. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 37. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 38. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 39. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 40. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 41. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 42. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Informative feedback Shortcut Reduce the load of short-term memory Error Management Coherence CTRL-Z Dialogs at closing Intern control sabato 28 settembre 13 43. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Storyboard sabato 28 settembre 13 44. User Centered Interface Design Problem AnalysisUsers Requirement Activity Design Information Design Interaction Design Storyboard sabato 28 settembre 13 45. DEMO sabato 28 settembre 13 46. USABILITY TESTING sabato 28 settembre 13 47. Why? Usability is like oxygen. You dont notice it until its missing Usability and the bottom line [Donahue] 1 $ spent in usability results in a return of 30.25 $ Usability is good business [Donahue et al.] sabato 28 settembre 13 48. Usability Testing Design Goals Efcacy Comprehension sabato 28 settembre 13 49. Usability Testing Design Problems to solve How verify usability? How select users? How measure usability? How dene oracles? How dene tasks? How organize tasks? How dene usability lab? When perform usability testing? How control the results? sabato 28 settembre 13 50. Usability Testing Design On Which Version of Next!? Next! 1.0 Surely, on the prototype of Next! sabato 28 settembre 13 51. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 52. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 53. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 54. Usability Testing Design How Define Tasks? Problem Analysis 1) Tanyel receives information on the place visited 2) Nika searches new places to visit 3) Alexandre searches the path for the next site 3 tasks, one for all main functionalities of Next! sabato 28 settembre 13 55. Usability Testing Design How Measure Usability? NOS Number of steps taken by the user in performing a task S/T Seconds required by the user to perform a task E/T Errors made by the user in performing a task sabato 28 settembre 13 56. Usability Testing Design How Define Oracles? Metric Name Oracle dened by NOS (Number of Steps) Interface designer S/T (Seconds for Task) Interface designer E/T (Errors for Task) Pilot Test sabato 28 settembre 13 57. Usability Testing Design How Select Users? 10 Novice Users 10 Expert Users Users who have never used a smartphone Users expert in the use of smartphone sabato 28 settembre 13 58. Usability Testing Design How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 59. Choosing the Competitor Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13 60. Choosing the Competitor Google Maps...Why? Google Maps is the one that allows to execute every tasks selected in the Usability Design Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13 61. Experimental Design We evaluated Google Maps using the same metrics of Next! NOS Number of steps taken by the user in performing a task S/T Seconds required by the user to perform a task E/T Errors made by the user in performing a task Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13 62. Experimental Design To reduce the conditionating factor we used the Within Group Design 5 Novice users and 5 Expert users began testing Google Maps Usability Testing Design sabato 28 settembre 13 63. Usability Testing Design Organizing tasks Pre-execution Execution Post- execution 1) Informative consent 2) Pre-execution survey 3) Task list 4) Comprehension survey NOS S/T E/T Usability Testing Design Within group design sabato 28 settembre 13 64. Usability Testing Design Organizing tasks Pre-execution Execution Post- execution 1) Informative consent 2) Pre-execution survey 3) Task list 4) Comprehension survey HOW STORE USER EXPERIENCE? NOS S/T E/T Usability Testing Design Within group design sabato 28 settembre 13 65. Usability Testing Design Organizing tasks Pre-execution Execution Post- execution 1) Informative consent 2) Pre-execution survey 3) Task list 4) Comprehension survey THINK ALOUD WITH feedback REPORTS NOS S/T E/TWithin group design sabato 28 settembre 13 66. Usability Testing Design Test Execution Plan sabato 28 settembre 13 67. TEST RESULTS sabato 28 settembre 13 68. Usability Testing Results Demographic Analysis sabato 28 settembre 13 69. Demographic Analysis Usability Testing Results sabato 28 settembre 13 70. Usability Testing Results How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 71. Usability Testing Results Nielsens Ten Usability Heuristics Visibility of system status Match between system and real world (Speaking user language) User control and freedom (No too long actions, no unwanted actions) Consistency and standards Error prevention (CRTL-Z...) Recognize rather than recall (Simple layout) Efciency and exibility (Shortcut keys) Simple and natural communication (Minimalist design) Help users recognize and recover from errors (Natural language for errors) Help and documentation sabato 28 settembre 13 72. Usability Testing Results Nielsens Ten Usability Heuristics Visibility of system status Match between system and real world (Speaking user language) User control and freedom (No too long actions, no unwanted actions) Consistency and standards Error prevention (CRTL-Z...) Recognize rather than recall (Simple layout) Efciency and exibility (Shortcut keys) Simple and natural communication (Minimalist design) Help users recognize and recover from errors (Natural language for errors) Help and documentation sabato 28 settembre 13 73. Usability Testing Results How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 74. Performance Analysis - S/T Usability Testing Results Oracle: 40 secondsMean: 46.44 seconds sabato 28 settembre 13 75. Performance Analysis - E/T Usability Testing Results Oracle:1Mean: 1.40 sabato 28 settembre 13 76. Performance Analysis - NOS Usability Testing Results sabato 28 settembre 13 77. User Feedbacks for Comprehension Usability Testing Results 3 Novice users wondered: What is this icon? What is the functionality? sabato 28 settembre 13 78. User Feedbacks for Comprehension Usability Testing Results 4 Expert users declared that this item is not in the right screen sabato 28 settembre 13 79. User Feedbacks for Comprehension Usability Testing Results 7 Novice users and 2 Expert users declared that this icon is not comprehensible sabato 28 settembre 13 80. Usability Testing Results How Verify Usability? Use more than one technique! NielsensTen Usability Heuristics Task Analysis Empirical evaluation choosing a competitor sabato 28 settembre 13 81. Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation Unique Navigation Paths, either for Next! and Google Maps sabato 28 settembre 13 82. Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation But...S/T is directly proportional to NOS sabato 28 settembre 13 83. Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation Google Maps interface is more confused than the Next! interface sabato 28 settembre 13 84. Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation We had to prove that the test results were not casually derived, applying the One Tail t-test One Tail t-test is applicable only if you are a normal distribution of data and the equality of variances sabato 28 settembre 13 85. Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation Property Test Passed Normal distribution of data Shapiro-Wilk test Equality of variances Bartlett test sabato 28 settembre 13 86. Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation ID Hypothesis Hs/t-0 mean(s/tNEXT) = mean(s/tGMAPS) Hs/t-1 mean(s/tNEXT) > mean(s/tGMAPS) Hypothesis 1 ID Hypothesis HNOE-0 mean(e/tNEXT) = mean(e/tGMAPS) HNOE-1 mean(e/tNEXT) < mean(e/tGMAPS) Hypothesis 2 sabato 28 settembre 13 87. ID T p-value Hs/t-0 3.9694 0.0001981 HNOE-0 -1.8431 0.03517 Confirm Experimental Results Experimental Evaluation p-value = 0.05 Null hypothesis was rejected, so we conrmed the test results! sabato 28 settembre 13 88. Conclusions and Future Works We are on the right way We have to resolve the problems encountered by users, testing different icons or different layouts, and then we have to repeat the usability testing, documentation design! sabato 28 settembre 13 89. Conclusions and Future Works We have to implement QR functionality sabato 28 settembre 13 90. Conclusions and Future Works Well submit our project to upXapp contest in few days sabato 28 settembre 13 91. Thank you! Questions and/or comments Dario Di Nucci [email protected] Fabio Palomba [email protected] Michele Tufano [email protected] sabato 28 settembre 13