News on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears .

News

• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears

• http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/environmentclimateun

• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_on_sc/coast_guard_arctic

Fire Whirl or Fire Tornado

Image courtesy of United States Marine Corps

Faster CO2 increases• Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere Increasing • By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS• Filed at 10:16 p.m. ET October 22, 2007• NYTimes• WASHINGTON (AP) -- Just days after the Nobel prize was awarded

for global warming work, an alarming new study finds that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing faster than expected.

• Carbon dioxide emissions were 35 percent higher in 2006 than in 1990, a much faster growth rate than anticipated, researchers led by Josep G. Canadell, of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, report in Tuesday's edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Weather

• Hot Air Rises

• Coriolis Force bends moving things to the right in the northern hemisphere

• Cold air holds less water

• Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Hot Air Rises

Air can hold less water at

higher altitudes1. Hot air rises over land due to heating by the sun. 2. The rising air leaves less air in one spot, low pressure forms. 3. Generally, from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, the air cools, high pressure develops. 4. Meanwhile, over the cooler water, air sinks, leaving less air aloft. 5. More air piles up at the surface of the water, high pressure forms. 6. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure. 7. The sea breeze generally forms during the afternoon. This creates a mini cold front that helps lift air upward to create thunderstorms.

Hadley Cells

Image courtesy of NASA

Global Rainfall

Image courtesy of atmoz.org

Global Productivity

Image courtesy of NASA

Coriolis Force

• Result of earth spinning

• In Northern Hemisphere, Coriolis Force deflects moving objects to the RIGHT

• Force is proportional to velocity

• Force is a function of latitude (zero at equator)

Winds

Trade Winds

Westerlies

Image courtesy of NOAA

Surface Currents

Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

Global Conveyor Belt

Upwelling

Image courtesy of NOAA

El Nino

Normal pattern El Nino Conditions

Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

El Nino Conditions

Weather

• Hot Air Rises

• Coriolis Force bends moving things to the right in the northern hemisphere

• Cold air holds less water

• Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

• Land warms and cools faster than the ocean

What d you notice?

What do you notice?

Fronts

Cold front

Warm front

Tornadoes

Image courtesy of NOAA

Santa Ana Winds

• Warm Form– Santa Ana

• Winds from east, high pressure in Great Basin, low pressure over Pacific

• Descending cold, dry winds from Rockies/Sierra Nevadas

• Warms adiabatically in Fall and Winter

– 10C per 1000 m descent (29C per mile)

– http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~fovell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/SA03_rhu_nowind.GIF

– Fohn• AlpsGermany• Crazy times

Image courtesy of NASA

Monsoons

• Indian Ocean• Land cools faster than

ocean in winter• Land warms faster

than ocean in summer

Image courtesy of Saravask, Wikipedia

SeaBreezes

Image courtesy of Jesús Gómez Fernández, Wikipedia

Image courtesy of Vaughan Weather, Wikipedia

Image courtesy of Federal Aviation Administration, Wikipedia

Rain Shadow

• Orographic Winds

• Adiabatic cooling with altitude

• Latent heat released with rain

Image courtesy of Wikipedia

Hurricanes

Hurricane Katrina

Image courtesy of NASA

Geostrophic Balance• Coriolis Force • Pressure Gradient Force• Strong cyclonic winds circulate

counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere around a low pressure zone

LO

Image courtesy of WikipediaImage courtesy of NASA

Spiral Winds

• Friction slows wind

• CF reduced

Convection

• Hot, moist air rises• Colder,dry air

descends• More buoyancy

differences make “deeper” convection-thunderstorms

• RainBands

Image courtesy of NASA

Image courtesy of NASA

Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

Image courtesy of NASA

Conservation of Mass

• Air spiraling in• Conservation of

angular momentum– Smaller radius, higher

wind velocities

• Air must be exhausted (vented)

• Anticyclone at high altitude

Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

Hurricane Formation• Inter-Tropical

Convergence• Drifts off

equatorTropical depression

Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

Surface Cooling

• Extract latent heat of evaporation leaves cool tracks

Image courtesy of NASA

Image courtesy of NOAA

Nor’Easters

• Heat from warm ocean• Cold from land• Jet Stream disturbance

Image courtesy of NASA

Images removed due to copyright restrictions.