New Zealand King Salmon Company Limited: Assessment of ... · Of the seven existing NZ King Salmon farms, only five have fixed feeding and accommodation barges (Table 1). The Crail

Report No. 2021 September 2011

The New Zealand King Salmon Company Limited: Assessment of Environmental Effects - Greywater

Report No. 2021 iii September 2011

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

New Zealand King Salmon Ltd (NZ King Salmon) currently operates seven salmon farm sites in the Marlborough Sounds (the Sounds) and is proposing to expand their operations by establishing additional farms. As part of an Assessment of Ecological Effects (AEE), the Cawthron Institute (Cawthron) has been contracted to prepare a series of reports on potential effects from various aspects of the existing operations. This report addresses the possible effects to coastal waters as a result of greywater discharges from the existing and proposed farms. By definition, greywater is all domestic wastewater with the exception of toilet wastes and includes baths/showers, hand basins, washing machines etc. To date, the discharge of greywater from the NZ King Salmon farms has been assumed to be a permitted activity under the Marlborough District Council resource management plan, and as such, there has been no monitoring of existing greywater quality or quantity. This assessment has therefore drawn on the wealth of published and popular literature for greywater characterisation with supplementary information supplied by NZ King Salmon on site-specific parameters, such as numbers of personnel and volumetric estimates. This desktop approach was considered feasible because the composition and characterisation of greywater is both well understood and documented. The approach to the assessment was firstly to characterise both the volumes and concentrations of greywater currently being discharged, and to assess potential effects from existing and future operations, based on these characteristics. To supplement the assessment, a cursory review of other sources (e.g. wastewater treatment facilities, private septic systems, rivers etc.) and their respective loads into the Marlborough Sounds was also undertaken. Our review of greywater production concluded that volumes of 100 litres per capita per day (L/c/d) would serve as a reasonable approximation for all farms since it matched both the NZ King Salmon potable water-use estimates as well as published values. With regard to concentrations, we adopted published values even though there was reason to believe that these values might be higher than the actual NZ King Salmon greywater concentrations. Despite using these ‘worst-case’ concentrations, our estimation of loads showed that the NZ King Salmon greywater contribution is negligible compared to the myriad other point-source and non-point source discharges of similar constituents into the Sounds. Our review of the regulatory frameworks identified several key constituents present in the greywater that are specifically managed and, if present in high enough concentrations or volumes, could give rise to either adverse ecological or aesthetic effects. These were: increased temperature; reduced oxygen; nutrient enrichment; bacteriological indicators; and aesthetics like foams and floatables. In all cases, it was determined that either the concentrations or loads (or both) were low enough that none of these parameters have the potential to cause significant adverse effects. In almost all instances, the concentrations or loads were so low that any effects were unlikely outside a radius of only a few metres from the discharge point.

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Finally, while some additional mitigative measures might help further reduce the potential for adverse effects, there is no immediate necessity for implementing them.

Report No. 2021 v September 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................III

1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1

2. GREYWATER CHARACTERISATION.............................................................................2 2.1. Definition ................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Volumes on a per capita per day basis ..................................................................................................... 3 2.3. Composition and characterisation ............................................................................................................. 4 2.4. Other loads................................................................................................................................................ 5

3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK........................................................................................6 3.1. Framework for assessing effects............................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1. Marlborough Sounds Resource Management Plan (MSRMP 2003) ......................................................... 6 3.1.2. Resource Management Act (RMA1991).................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC 2000)................ 8

4. PREDICTED IMPACTS....................................................................................................9 4.1. Temperature.............................................................................................................................................. 9 4.2. Oxygen demanding substances .............................................................................................................. 10 4.3. Nutrients.................................................................................................................................................. 11 4.4. Indicator bacteria – microbiological ......................................................................................................... 12 4.5. Aesthetics – films, foams, and floatables ................................................................................................ 14

5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................16

6. REFERENCES...............................................................................................................18

7. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................20

LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND APPENDICES

Figure 1. Map showing locations of existing and proposed NZ King Salmon farm sites in the Marlborough Sounds........................................................................................................... 3

Table 1. Summary of personnel and water use for each existing NZ King Salmon farm. ................ 4 Table 2. Typical greywater concentration and load (from Friedler 2004) ......................................... 4 Table 3. Conditions for water quality class, SG, as listed in the MSRMP. ....................................... 7

Appendix 1. Material Safety Data Sheets for cleaning and personal hygiene products used by NZ King Salmon.............................................................................................................................. 20

Report No. 2021 1September 2011

1. INTRODUCTION

New Zealand King Salmon (NZ King Salmon) currently operates seven salmon farm sites (Figure 1) in the Marlborough Sounds (the Sounds) with production being limited to six of these sites at any given time. In addition, NZ King Salmon is proposing to expand their operations in the Sounds by establishing an additional nine farms which will involve Resource Consent applications as well as a Plan Change to the existing Marlborough Sounds Resource Management Plan (MSRMP 2004). As part of a wider Assessment of Ecological Effects (AEE), the Cawthron Institute (Cawthron) has been contracted to prepare a series of reports on potential effects from various aspects of the existing operations (e.g. benthic ecology, water quality, hydrodynamics etc.) and proposed expansion. This report focuses specifically on greywater discharges from NZ King Salmon facilities and the potential adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems that may arise as a result. Readers are directed to the other Cawthron reports (Gillespie et al. 2011; Keeley & Taylor 2011; Sneddon & Tremblay 2011) or the NZ King Salmon Plan Change AEE itself for potential effects from other farming-related activities. To date, NZ King Salmon has been operating and discharging greywater as a permitted activity under the MSRMP, but it is possible that this designation will change for both the existing operations as well as the proposed new farms. It is understood that previous work conducted by Cawthron (Roberts 1993a; 1993b) was influential in the previous decision to allow greywater discharge under the permitted activity rules. This current assessment updates this information and provides additional analysis of characteristics and potential effects from greywater discharge.

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2. GREYWATER CHARACTERISATION

2.1. Definition

Wastewater sources can be largely grouped into two major categories1: (i) blackwater and (ii) greywater, with the principal difference being the presence of faecal material and higher concentrations of pathogens in blackwater. The focus of this assessment is on greywater since all blackwater is contained on-site and removed via barge to wastewater treatment facilities in Havelock and Picton. Given that the discharge of greywater has been a permitted activity and not subject to any stipulated monitoring in any of the existing NZ King Salmon resource consents, there is a paucity of site-specific data for both quantity and quality of the greywater discharges from any of the sites. Nevertheless, given the increased interest both nationally and internationally in greywater treatment and re-use, there is a wealth of both published and popular literature on greywater composition (e.g. (Siegrist 1978; Dixon et al. 1999; Nolde 2000; Al-Jayyousi 2003; Friedler 2004; Jefferson et al. 2004) which shows that greywater production tends to be fairly consistent with regard to both volumes and concentration. Therefore, this assessment draws on both the external information as well as specific information provided by NZ King Salmon related to potable water and cleaning/personal hygiene product use.

1 Blackwater and greywater are generic terms used to differentiate the source of a wastewater and generally refer to toilet wastes (or sewage) and other domestic wastewater (or sullage) respectively. The principal difference is the presence of human wastes or faecal material in blackwater whereas greywater comprises of other sources like laundry, showers, hand basins etc. Most domestic effluent is a combination of both greywater and blackwater, but if they can be separated at the source. Greywater can be much more easily re-used or discharged given its lower potential for containing pathogenic organisms and lower levels of some common wastewater constituents. In addition, greywater does not tend to carry the same cultural or perceived public health stigma as blackwater.


Figure 1. Map showing locations of existing and proposed NZ King Salmon farm sites in the Marlborough Sounds.

2.2. Volumes on a per capita per day basis

Of the seven existing NZ King Salmon farms, only five have fixed feeding and accommodation barges (Table 1). The Crail Bay site is serviced by the vessel Chinook, which also acts as accommodation for site staff. This vessel has a holding tank for combined grey- and blackwater which is pumped out on a regular basis in either Havelock or Picton for disposal to the respective wastewater treatment system. The other six locations house between two and four individuals with some minor seasonal changes to that number at the Otanerau and Te Pangu sites. Estimates of greywater production per site are based on the total potable water use minus the amount of blackwater removed on a monthly basis. While these are clearly estimates, the calculated daily usage of greywater is approximately 100 litres per capita per day (L/c/d) (i.e. 98 ±41 L/c/d) which correlates well with the published literature. For example, Friedler (2004) recorded an average greywater production of 98 L/c/d with reference to international studies showing a range of 68-134 L/c/d. Therefore, for the purposes of this assessment, rather than focusing on the inter-farm variability which, in all likelihood is due to estimation variation, a value of 100 L/c/d greywater production will be used.


Table 1. Summary of personnel and water use for each existing NZ King Salmon farm.

Water useb Blackwater Greywater Site Name Lic. No

Barge ID

Permanent Personnela

Personnel Variation L/month L/day L/month L/c/dc

Clay Point 8407 B-8 3 n/a 16,000 533 2000 155 Otanerau 8396 B-34 2 0 in Jan-Mar 8,000 267 2000 100 Ruakaka 8274 B-1 3 n/a 8,000 267 1850 68 Te Pangu 8408 B-9 4 + 2 in Mar 16,000 533 2000 116 Forsyth / Waihinau

8110 / 8085

B-5 4 n/a 8,000 267 2000 50

a Permanent live aboard personnel, does not include day visitors/workers b Estimates only based on water delivery, usage includes both greywater and blackwater c Litres of greywater per capita per day (Total water use – blackwater removed / permanent personnel)

2.3. Composition and characterisation

As mentioned above, the composition and characterisation of greywater is both well understood and documented. Contrary to a common misconception, typical greywater concentrations can be as high as, or higher, than corresponding blackwater concentrations for most of the typical wastewater constituents. These typical greywater concentrations (taken from Friedler 2004) show relatively high concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total suspended Solids (TSS), and faecal coliforms. While it can be argued that the NZ King Salmon farms will produce a lower strength greywater2 than corresponding international studies, these values (Table 2) still serve as a valuable worst-case scenario for assessing affects in the following sections. The loads, in grams per capita per day (g/c/d), have been calculated using the estimated greywater generation of 100 L/c/d described in Section 2.2.

Table 2. Typical greywater concentration and load (from Friedler 2004)

Parameter Concentration

(mg/L) Load

(g/c/d) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 477 47 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 822 82 Total suspended Solids (TSS) 298 30 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 270 27 Ammonia (NH4-N) 1.6 0.16 Phosphate (PO4-P) 61 6.1 Total oil 193 19 Anionic detergents (MBAS) 37 3.7 Faecal Coliforms (cfu/100mL) 2.50E+06 2.50E+09 Daily Discharge Volume (L/c/d) 68-134

2 NZKS has been diligent in sourcing and using biodegradable cleaners and personal hygiene products which can have much lower BOD, COD and TSS concentrations that corresponding non-biodegradable alternatives.


Given the very low permanent population on the NZ King Salmon barges, load calculations are of particular importance because they can put the scale of the discharge into perspective with other inputs. A synopsis of some of the other wastewater loads to the Sounds is discussed in Section 2.4.

2.4. Other loads

As shown in Table 1, the total permanent population on the five existing barges operated by NZ King Salmon is sixteen people with a maximum of four permanent personnel at the Te Pangu3 and Forsyth/Waihinau farms. In contrast, the discharge from the Picton Sewage Treatment Plant into Queen Charlotte Sound serves a permanent population base of approximately 5,000 but is designed to cater to peak holiday loads in excess of 20,000 people. While this wastewater is very well treated, the loads are still orders of magnitude above those discharged via greywater from the NZ King Salmon sites. Other permanent ‘point source’ discharges into the Sounds include the Havelock municipal wastewater scheme and private schemes operated by Furneaux Lodge and the Portage Resort Hotel (MDC 2008). Although the Marlborough Sounds does not have significant riverine inputs, the Pelorus River which discharges to the western sounds. This river is known to be a significant source of nutrients (Gibbs et al. 1992) with an estimated annual load of over 300 tonnes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen into Pelorus Sound. Advection from Cook Strait is also a significant source of nutrients to Pelorus Sound with an estimated annual load in excess of 11,000 tonnes (Gibbs et al. 1992). In contrast, the total load of nitrogen from greywater discharges from all the NZ King Salmon farms combined is estimated to be one kilogram annually (i.e. 0.001 tonnes). Non-point source flows and loads to the Sounds are much more difficult to quantify but it is acknowledged that there are significant inputs, both licit and illicit, from the numerous recreational and commercial vessels that ply the Sounds, particularly in the summer months (MDC 2008). These discharges include the release of both greywater and sometimes blackwater, even though there are specific national regulations prohibiting such discharge. Another considerable non-point source input of greywater and blackwater to the Sounds is through the inefficient treatment of small-scale, on-site (septic) systems that are immediately adjacent to the coastal marine area. The combination of all of these other loads would make it very difficult to quantify the total load for any given region in the Sounds and even more difficult on a Sounds-wide basis. Nevertheless, it can be easily concluded that the incremental increase to the Sounds as a result of the discharge of greywater from all of the existing (and proposed) NZ King Salmon farms is insignificant in comparison.

3 Te Pangu can have as many as six permanent personnel during the month of March but this increase will have little to no affect on the overall assessment or comparison to other loads.


3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

3.1. Framework for assessing effects

Our assessment process primarily involves prediction of receiving water quality in relation to accepted regional, national or international guidelines, and draws on knowledge of the effects of similar discharges both within the Sounds and elsewhere. An important aspect of the assessment is the interpretation of the significance of the predicted water quality changes and their implications for aquatic life and other values of the receiving environment. To make this assessment, we draw on a variety of information sources but primarily various environmental quality guidelines at regional or national levels. Key documents are Marlborough District Council’s (MDC) Marlborough Sounds Resource Management Plan (MSRMP 2003), the Resource Management Act (RMA 1991), and the Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC 2000). While considerable guidance is provided in MSRMP and under the RMA, there are a number of instances where this is in narrative form only. In these situations we have usually deferred to the more quantitative guidance available in ANZECC. An overview of the most relevant information from each of these sources is provided below.

3.1.1. Marlborough Sounds Resource Management Plan (MSRMP 2003)

The discharge of greywater to marine receiving waters is not specifically addressed under the MSRMP. To date, NZ King Salmon has been operating under the decision that the discharge of greywater is a permitted activity; however, recent discussions with MDC have indicated that the discharge of greywater will be considered a discretionary activity for any future resource consent applications or renewals. These discretionary activities are covered in Chapter 35 of the MSRMP (Coastal Marine Zones), under section 35.4 and the nearest reference to greywater is the limited discretionary activity of ‘discharges to water’ which cover all discharges to coastal receiving waters in the Sounds. These receiving waters are subject to meeting water quality class SG (being water managed for cultivation or shellfish-gathering) under the MSRMP. The SG limits are outlined in Table 3 and the compliance requirement applies outside a ‘zone of reasonable mixing’. Criteria listed in the MSRMP to determine the extent of the zone of reasonable mixing, includes:

a) The need to minimise the size of the mixing zone

b) The need to avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse effects within the mixing zone, and

c) The characteristics of the discharge and receiving environment including:

design of the outfall (e.g. single or multi-point diffuser)

depth of water over the outfall


density difference between the effluent (usually freshwater-based) and the receiving water (often saline) which determines its buoyancy, and

speed and orientation of currents across the outfall.

Table 3. Conditions for water quality class, SG, as listed in the MSRMP. SG - Water managed for the gathering or cultivation of shellfish for human consumption

Temperature Shall not be changed by more than 3 °C

Dissolved oxygen Shall exceed 80% of saturation

Suitability of fish for human consumption

Shall not be rendered unsuitable by the presence of contaminants

Median faecal coliform concentration of not less than five samples, taken within any consecutive 30 day period, shall not exceed a Most Probable Number (MPN) of 14 per 100mL (or Colony Forming Units (cfu) per 100mL), and not more than ten percent of samples taken within any consecutive 30 day period shall exceed an MPN of 43 per 100mL (or 43 cfu per 100mL) as a result of any discharge of a contaminant or water. Samples shall not be taken on the same or consecutive days.

The assessment criteria for discharges to water are covered under Section 35.4.2.10.1.1 of the MSRMP and include assessing ‘…the effect of the discharge having regard to the effect of

currents, tides, waves, and winds on horizontal transport and vertical mixing of the contaminant.’ In addition, the assessment should consider the effect of the discharge having regard to:

temperature

BOD5

suspended solids

pH

the chemical content of the discharge, including any heavy metals or other toxic substances

dissolved solids

marine farm, and

the effectiveness of any mitigation measures.

3.1.2. Resource Management Act (RMA1991)

The most relevant standards are in Section 107 of the RMA. In relation to waste-water discharges, Section 107 places restrictions on the granting of consents if, after reasonable mixing, the discharge is likely to give rise to any or all of the following effects in the receiving waters:


The production of any conspicuous oil or grease films, scums or foams, or floatable or suspended materials

Any conspicuous change in the colour or visual clarity

Any emission of objectionable odour

The rendering of freshwater unsuitable for consumption by farm animals, and

Any significant adverse effects on aquatic life.

3.1.3. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC 2000)

The (ANZECC 2000) guidelines cater for a site-specific risk-based approach to setting environmental quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life and other values. For situations such as the PSTP outfall, where site-specific information from which such criteria could be developed are unavailable, guidance is provided on default trigger values for a variety of physical stressors and chemical toxicants. Trigger values are essentially conservative criteria (e.g. for water or sediment quality) that, if complied with, ensure that specified environmental values are protected. Note, however, that the converse is not necessarily true (i.e. exceedance of trigger values does not necessarily suggest environmental damage) hence the intent of these values is to act as a trigger for more intensive assessment if they are not met. A key feature of ANZECC (2000) is that the trigger levels differ or are applied differently for different types of ecosystem at three levels of disturbance ranging from pristine to highly disturbed. For the purposes of this report, we consider the trigger values for ‘Condition 2’ ecosystems to be most appropriate. Condition 2 systems are an intermediate category defined in the ANZECC guidelines (p. 3.1) as “…slightly to moderately disturbed”.


4. PREDICTED IMPACTS

In reviewing both the greywater characterisation and the regulatory framework, there are several key parameters that could give rise to either adverse effects on water quality or conspicuous visual effects. For example, the MSRMP (2003) SG water quality class has specific receiving water limits for temperature, dissolved oxygen and indicator bacteria (i.e. microbiological). Additionally, S107 of the RMA has several narrative standards with regard to visual amenity and aesthetics (e.g. foams, films, floatables and colour). Each of these parameters, with specific reference to the NZ King Salmon greywater discharges will be discussed in turn in this section.

4.1. Temperature

Changes in coastal water temperature are a natural phenomenon and generally occur as a result of seasonal, or even diurnal, fluctuations in solar radiation. More rapid and acute changes can occur from upwelling of cooler subsurface waters, inputs from cold freshwater sources like rain or snow melt and even heated inputs from hot springs or hydrothermal vents. While most marine organisms are well adapted to these types of changes, acute variations of several degrees Celsius or more in water temperature can have a marked, and sometimes lethal, effect on individuals as well as more subtle effects on aquatic ecosystems. In discussing thermal effects on aquatic systems, ANZECC (2000) splits these effects into two categories:

influences on the physiology of the biota (e.g. growth and metabolism, reproduction timing and success, mobility and migration patterns, and production may all be altered by changes to the ambient temperature regime)

influences on ecosystem functioning (e.g. through changes in the rate of microbial processes and altered oxygen solubility).

However, while the types of effects are well understood, ANZECC recognises that there is paucity of information available on the specific thermal tolerance of New Zealand aquatic organisms. This is why guidelines such as the MSRMP (2003) and RMA (Schedule 3) tend to defer to a conservative limit of “…no greater than 3 °C change…” in the receiving waters after reasonable mixing. Likewise for the purposes of this assessment, a 3 °C change criterion will be addressed. The temperature of greywater discharged form the NZ King Salmon farms will be highly variable depending on the source of the greywater being produced. Unquestionably, the source of greywater that has the potential to produce the largest temperature effect with be from showering/bathing where relatively large quantities of warm water are produced. Conservatively, the temperature of greywater from a shower or bath could be as high as 40 °C, but is likely to be much lower, given the cooling that takes place in the pipes before discharge. Flows will depend on shower duration and type of shower head but can conservatively be set at 10 litres per minute for the duration of the shower.


For comparison, a recent study (Sneddon 2009) into temperature effects on shallow coastal receiving waters showed that a thermal discharge from a heat exchanger was having very little effect on surface water temperatures. Results from this study showed that the temperature effect was significantly attenuated within 6 m from the discharge point with the change from ambient temperature generally less than 2 °C. This study serves as a particularly good comparison since the discharge water was the same temperature (i.e. 40 °C) as the ‘worst-case’ greywater, and discharge was end-of-pipe into surface coastal waters, and subject to similar tidally reversing currents. The comparison is also very conservative since the volumes were much greater (i.e. 830 L/min) than the greywater discharge (i.e.10 L/min). This means, if a 40 °C discharge into surface waters with 80 times the volume does not have an effect on temperature outside a 5-10 m radius of the discharge point, it can be assumed that the greywater discharge will have negligible effect on temperature of the receiving waters within a metre or two of the discharge point.

4.2. Oxygen demanding substances

Excessive discharge of organic rich wastewaters (including greywater) can result in oxygen depletion in the water column and seabed sediments, with associated effects on aquatic life, and proliferations of attached heterotrophic organisms (e.g. bacterial mats). In the case of the NZ King Salmon greywater discharges, sediment enrichment/anoxia effects and heterotrophic growths can be discounted without further assessment due to the low volumes of discharge and depth above the seabed where the discharge occurs (i.e. >10 m) . However, given the

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of greywater in general (i.e. 477 g/m3 from Table 2), a

limited discussion on oxygen depletion in the water column is warranted. Oxygen is the single most important component of surface water for self-purification processes and the maintenance of aquatic organisms that use aerobic respiration. Oxygen solubility (or oxygen saturation) in water is governed by a complex set of physical conditions that include atmospheric and hydrostatic pressure, turbulence, temperature and salinity. Predicting the effects from a discharge on the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels within receiving waters involves more than a consideration of wastewater dispersion and dilution, since effects on DO reflect processes (e.g. rate of reoxygenation through algal photosynthesis and atmospheric exchange) that take place over greater spatio-temporal scales than reflected by considerations of effluent behaviour in the vicinity of a barge for example. Nevertheless, NZ King Salmon greywater discharges are of a sufficiently small volume (200-400 L/day) and load (47 g BOD/c/d), that even in the lower energy sites like Ruakaka and Otanerau, mixing alone is sufficient to reduce potential DO effects and overrides the more subtle processes discussed above. For example, most DO guidelines are based on a receiving water maximum DO deficit of less than 20% (i.e. maintaining at least 80% DO saturation). Even in protected coastal waters like the Marlborough Sounds, oxygen saturation values are expected to be at or near saturation. For


instance, results from the 2010 monitoring of the Clay Point Salmon Farm (Dunmore et al. 2010) showed DO values at or near 100% saturation values even in the near bottom waters around the farm where seabed enrichment is often expected to reduce DO concentrations. In the case of the NZ King Salmon barges, any oxygen deficit that is potentially introduced by the small loads of greywater effluent will be quickly reversed by mixing, small wave action and other processes. It is worth noting, that this re-oxygenation will not only take place in the vicinity of the discharge but as the greywater is mixed and dispersed through the water column. This is an important factor, since oxygen depletion effects are not instantaneous and are based on microbial activity which takes time (i.e. hours to days versus minutes) to initiate.

4.3. Nutrients

Though small in concentration compared to seawater's major constituents, nutrients, primarily nitrate (NO3

-) and phosphate (PO43-), are extremely important to the biology of the oceans. In

some cases, iron (Fe) and silica (Si) may also act as limiting nutrients. While iron is important in some regions, particularly open ocean regions distant from land, in most productive coastal regions the limiting nutrient is nitrogen. Excess nutrients are capable of greatly increasing plant growth, potentially resulting in algal blooms whose subsequent decay can have flow-on effects to aquatic systems (e.g. oxygen depletion). In order to avoid over-enrichment with nutrients (eutrophication), their input load must not exceed the assimilative capacity of the coastal receiving environment. The assimilative capacity is a complex function of biotic and abiotic characteristics and includes such factors as its flushing, light regime and temperature. Nitrogen in seawater is mainly present as nitrate (NO3

-) and in some inshore coastal areas as ammoniacal nitrogen (consisting of ammonium plus ammonia). In general, these concentrations are lower in summer and higher in winter, and are low and variable at the sea surface and increase with depth. The low surface levels in summer are caused by phytoplankton growth. The sum of NO3-N and ammoniacal-N is termed dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), which is a key constituent of interest since coastal marine algae are generally limited and regulated by its supply. Guidance on acceptable levels of nutrients in inshore coastal waters is minimal. (Eppley et al. 1969) suggested that coastal phytoplankton typically reach maximum specific growth rates at nitrate and ammonium concentrations of about 70-140 mg/m3, with half-saturation of DIN uptake rate at about 7-70 mg/m3. The previous ANZECC (ANZECC 1992) water quality guidelines provided indicative nitrogen saturation levels for New Zealand waters of 10-60 mg/m3 NO3 and <5 mg/m3 ammonium. The latest ANZECC (2000) guidelines for Condition 2 ecosystems defer to default trigger values for South East Australia of 20 mg/m3 for DIN, with no specific water quality guidance for New Zealand. Experience has shown that this value can be significantly exceeded in nearshore coastal waters in New Zealand and highlights the need for relevant national guidelines rather than relying solely on an Australian limit. While these guidelines are useful for comparing appropriate levels in open near-shore coastal environments, their relevance to the NZ King Salmon greywater discharges is questionable. A


more realistic means of assessing the effect is on nutrient loads rather than concentrations. Section 2.4 shows that the nutrient load from all the NZ King Salmon greywater sources combined, is insignificant in comparison to the myriad other inputs (e.g. point source discharges, other vessels, septic systems, river inputs, coastal exchange etc). For example, the combined annual load of nitrogen from all the NZ King Salmon greywater sources is estimated around one kilogram, whereas the other sources are orders of magnitude greater and generally measured in tonnes.

4.4. Indicator bacteria – microbiological

Domestic wastewater, including greywater, can contain high concentrations of disease-causing pathogens (e.g. viruses, protozoans, and bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella). Health risks associated with activities in contaminated waters arise primarily from water ingestion during contact recreation (e.g. swimming, surfing, kayaking) and from consumption of filter-feeding shellfish (e.g. oysters, mussels) which have accumulated bacteria and other pathogens in their bodies. Assessing this risk posed by the presence of these pathogens is neither straightforward nor 100% reliable since the relative levels of pathogens in the greywater/wastewater are dependant on the health status of the contributing source(s) at any given time. Furthermore, the level of treatment (if any), dilution/dispersion and die off within the environment, as well as exposure route4, together play significant roles in determining the level of risk. Indicator bacteria are generally used since the generation of site-specific data regarding actual pathogen levels in a discharge is costly and difficult. Moreover, given the nature of microbiological data, measurements of pathogens at levels at or near detection limits are not always sufficient to adequately estimate their probability distributions. To overcome these obstacles, a ‘weight of evidence’ approach is often employed and the level of detail used in assessing risk is commensurate with the environment into which the discharge takes place and with the activity or concern. In other words, a high volume poorly treated wastewater discharging near a popular recreational shellfish area would require a much more stringent human health assessment than a low volume wastewater or greywater discharging offshore. In the case of the NZ King Salmon greywater discharges, there is little or no contact recreation that takes place in the immediate vicinity, and while the literature suggests that faecal coliform counts can be as high as 106 in greywater, many of these studies were for much larger population bases and varied sources (e.g. houses with small children) which can have a marked effect on the quality of the greywater. These factors have been considered as part of our assessment.

4 Exposure route can be through either direct ingestion of contaminated water or indirect like the ingestion of contaminated shellfish.


For shellfish-gathering waters, the MSRMP (2004) states that: “Fish shall not be rendered

unsuitable by the presence of contaminants and median faecal coliform concentration of not less than five samples, taken within any consecutive 30 day period, shall not exceed a Most Probable Number (MPN) of 14 per 100mL (or Colony Forming Units per 100mL), and not more than ten percent of samples taken within any consecutive 30 day period shall exceed an MPN of 43 per 100mL (or 43 Colony Forming Units per 100mL) as a result of any discharge of a contaminant or water. Samples shall not be taken on the same or consecutive days”. This median of 14 and 90th percentile of 43 cfu/100mL is taken directly from the section on shellfish-gathering in the Bacteriological Water Quality Guidelines for Marine and Freshwater Recreational Areas (MfE & MoH 2003). The nearest shellfish-gathering to any of the NZ King Salmon farms is going to be in the adjacent commercial mussel farms which, in some cases like Ruakaka, can be within approximately 300 m. In order to assess the level of risk this poses from greywater discharges, rather than focusing on possible concentrations in the discharge itself, it is first worth considering the nature of the discharge. As stated above, the level of risk can be directly dependant on the health status or level of disease in the population contributing to a discharge. When there is an outbreak or epidemic within a population (or community) the overall risk from waterborne disease can increase by orders of magnitude. For the NZ King Salmon greywater discharges, the very small population base (i.e. maximum four to six people) means that there will be an equally small denominator when calculating the potential risk. This is inherently problematic when dealing with estimating overall risk. For example, if one of the four people on board a barge was ill, this is the mathematical equivalent of having an outbreak in 25% of a larger population. This small denominator is both a blessing and curse. For instance, a single sick person could be easily relocated from a barge to shore, but relocating 25% of a town’s population would not be possible. What this demonstrates is that typical risk based methods are not directly applicable for the NZ King Salmon situation, and using them would have to be undertaken with a host of different caveats. Therefore, rather than trying to assess the risk using traditional methods (with comparison to standard guidelines), it is easier and arguably more appropriate to look at the source(s) and assess the risk by source. Clearly, the biggest risk would be from the discharge of blackwater, but this has already been dealt with through separation and removal of blackwater offsite. The other sources are the typical greywater components (e.g. shower, wash basin, washing machine etc.) which are lower risk and directly related to the health status of the source. Since the source is such a small number of people, it is much easier to mitigate any exposure by merely evacuating sick personnel. This is likely to be common practice already. As far as potential risk during normal periods where all personnel are healthy, the NZ King Salmon greywater will likely contain very low, or non-existent, numbers of pathogenic organisms and therefore pose no risk to either contact recreation or shellfish-gathering waters. While it is still possible to initiate a sampling programme to ascertain whether or not the


receiving waters around the farms meet the MSRMP (2004) bacterial guideline levels, the benefits and efficacy of conducting such a programme are questionable. Regardless of the level of risk for discharging greywater, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the volume of discharge. Perhaps the simplest is to capture and re-use greywater for the flushing of toilets. While this has been suggested previously, the overall volume of discharge is still low enough that it is unlikely warranted at this stage.

4.5. Aesthetics – films, foams, and floatables

Conspicuous adverse effects from greywater discharges on surface water quality are usually the result of two different types of compounds: (i) Oils and grease; and (ii) surfactants. Both of these types of compounds will be discussed in turn. (APHA 2005) defines oil and grease as groups of substances with similar physical characteristics that are determined quantitatively on the basis of their common solubility in an organic extracting solvent (previously Freon, but recently replaced by n-hexane). The oils and greases present in greywater can be classified as ‘polar’ or ‘non-polar’. Polar oils and greases, usually biodegradable, originate from animals or vegetables and may include waxes, fatty acids, fats, oils, and soaps. Non-polar oils and greases, less readily biodegradable, usually come from petroleum products and may include light hydrocarbons such as gasoline and jet fuels or heavy hydrocarbons such as crude oils, diesel fuel, asphalt, lubricants and cutting fluids. The oil and grease component of the NZ King Salmon greywater fits the polar category. In general, the potential for environmental effects from polar oils and greases is much less than for non-polar, because they mix with water and are generally non-toxic to humans or aquatic life. Where possible, NZ King Salmon has selected and is using cleaning and personal hygiene products that are both biodegradable and non-toxic. The full set of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for all of these products is presented in Appendix 1. Another component that can give rise to foams and floatables is artificial surfactants, the most common of which is in the form of anionic detergents (also referred to as methylene blue active substances or MBAS). Synthetically produced surfactants in greywater are commonly found in cleaning products such as detergents, shampoos, toothpaste etc. Historically detergents were non-biodegradable and are known to be responsible for persistent foam near wastewater treatment plants and other point sources where large quantities could be released into receiving waters. Early formulations of these detergents also contained phosphorus as a water softener. There were documented problems of freshwater algal blooms with these phosphorus-containing products, which resulted in a change to more biodegradable detergents containing sulfates. The most ubiquitous synthetic surfactants currently in use (and those used by NZ King


Salmon) are linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), commonly known as sodium or ammonium laureth or lauryl sulfate. The main risks associated with discharge of a greywater with a high oil and grease or surfactant content are: a greasy coating on the surface of plants and animals restricting factors such as buoyancy, insulating capacity, mobility, feeding and respiration; and adverse aesthetic effects of visible slicks, and fouled shorelines and beaches. For New Zealand, the only recognised environmental quality standard that relates to such effects is the narrative requirement in the RMA (1991) Section 107 to avoid “…the production of any conspicuous oil or grease films, scums or foams, or floatable or suspended materials…”, after reasonable mixing. This same requirement is reflected in the MSRMP (2004). When assessing adverse aesthetic effects (i.e. “…the production of any conspicuous oil or grease films, scums or foams, or floatable or suspended materials…”), the most ambiguous aspect is the use and definition of the word ‘conspicuous’. This is further confounded by the fact that foams and floatables are a naturally occurring and common phenomenon in all coastal waters and differentiating between these naturally occurring events and those brought about by anthropogenic sources can be problematic. Natural sea foams are generally the result of the presence of organic material (chiefly proteins) in the seawater which is 'whipped up' to create the foam. For foams to occur, a combination of organic material plus the energy to mix the water with air and create foam is required. A common comparison is likening it to water running into a bubble bath. The organic material in sea water decreases the surface tension and winds and/or waves mix the water to create the foam. Rows of foam on the water are often the result of Langmuir circulation (also called windrows) where small circular cells that rotate in alternate directions in the water column are formed and cause foam (or other flotsam) to gather in rows on the surface. Given that foams are a natural and common component in coastal waters, their relative conspicuousness is far less than if they were uncommon. For instance, in the unlikely event that an NZ King Salmon greywater discharge created foam, it is possible that a passerby might interpret it as natural (hence inconspicuous). However, the opposite also applies where natural foam could drift past a farm and be incorrectly attributed to the greywater discharge. Perhaps the best indication that the greywater is unlikely to be causing any conspicuous changes to surface water quality is the track record of the farms to date. In the fifteen or so years that NZ King Salmon has been operating and discharging greywater, there have not been any reportable instances of the production of conspicuous foams, films, or floatables and there have been no complaints to Council regarding conspicuous foams or conspicuous changes in colour or clarity of surface waters around the farms.


5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

New Zealand King Salmon currently operates seven salmon farm sites (Figure 1) in the Marlborough Sounds (the Sounds) with production being limited to six of these sites at any given time. It is proposed to expand operations by establishing an additional nine farms through a Plan Change and resource consent process. Cawthron was contracted to prepare a series of reports on potential effects to the marine environment from various aspects of the existing and proposed operations. This report provides an assessment of the potential adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems as a result of greywater discharges from NZ King Salmon facilities. To date, the discharge of greywater from the NZ King Salmon farms has been assumed to be a permitted activity and as such, there has been no monitoring of greywater quality or quantity. This assessment therefore has drawn on the wealth of published and popular literature for greywater characterisation with supplemental information supplied by NZ King Salmon on site-specific parameters such as numbers of personnel and volumetric estimates. This desktop approach was feasible given that the composition and characterisation of greywater is both well understood and documented. Our review of greywater production concluded that flows of 100 litres per capita per day would serve as a reasonable approximation for all farms, since it matched both the NZ King Salmon potable water use estimates as well as published values. As far as concentrations, we used the published values even though there is reason to believe that the published values might be higher than the actual NZ King Salmon greywater concentrations. Despite using these ‘worst-case’ concentrations, our estimation of loads showed that the NZ King Salmon greywater contribution is negligible compared to the myriad other point and non-point sources to the Sounds. Our review of the regulatory frameworks identified several key constituents present in the greywater that are specifically managed and could give rise to either adverse ecological or aesthetic effects. Namely: increased temperature; reduced oxygen; nutrient enrichment; bacteriological indicators; and aesthetics. In all cases, it was determined that either the concentrations or loads (or both) were low enough that none of these parameters has the potential to cause significant adverse effects, and in almost all instances were so low that any effects were unlikely outside a radius of only a few metres from the discharge point. Notwithstanding this overall lack of impact, there are mitigative measures that are or can be undertaken to ensure that the situation does not change. For example, NZ King Salmon currently uses and sources all of the greywater products from a single company and uses biodegradable soaps and cleaners where possible. If, for some reason, one of these products is identified as a problem, it can easily be swapped out with an alternative. This type of source management is generally not possible with mixed greywater sources from a larger community.


Other mitigative steps that could be undertaken include investigation into the re-use of greywater for the purposes of toilet flushing. Since blackwater is removed off-site, this would further reduce the volumes of water discharged; however, at this stage, the low numbers of personnel on each barge (i.e. four or less) effectively keeps the loads and volumes to a minimum already. It is also worth noting that removal of greywater to either Picton or Havelock will not reduce the volume of wastewater being discharged to the Sounds, it merely relocates it and treats it to a slight better quality. At this stage there is little or no net benefit, and perhaps even a net loss, given the additional time, fuel and effort required to transport this greywater to an off-site wastewater treatment facility. Finally, it was previously recommended in Roberts (1993a) that greywater discharge points could be fitted with ad-hoc diffusers5 but the increased maintenance of such devices may have precluded their adoption.

5 The recommendation was that the end of the greywater discharge pipes be fitted with a removable (i.e. threaded) plug and a short section of the end of the pipe drilled to create a small diffuser unit which would increase the initial dilution.


6. REFERENCES

Al-Jayyousi OR 2003. Greywater reuse: towards sustainable water management. Desalination 156 (1-3): 181-192.

ANZECC 1992. Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters. In National Water Quality Management Strategy. Australian, New Zealand E, Conservation C, ed., Australia.

ANZECC 2000. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality - 2000. Prepared for Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council.

APHA 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

Dixon A, Butler D, Fewkes A 1999. Water saving potential of domestic water reuse systems using greywater and rainwater in combination. Water Science and Technology 39 (5): 7.

Dunmore R, Forrest R, Keeley N 2010. Seabed Impacts of the Clay Point Salmon Farm: Annual Monitoring 2009. Prepared for The New Zealand King Salmon Co Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 1762. 38 p. plus appendices p.

Eppley RW, Rogers JN, McCarthy JJ 1969. Half-Saturation Constants for Uptake of Nitrate and Ammonium by Marine Phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 14 (6): 912-920.

Friedler E 2004. Quality of individual domestic greywater streams and its implication for on-site treatment and reuse possibilities. Environmental Technology 25: 11.

Gibbs M, Pickmere SE, Woods PH, Payne GW, James MR 1992. Nutrient and chlorophyll a variability at six stations associated with mussel farming in Pelorus Sound, 1984-85. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 26: 197-211.

Gillespie P, Knight B, MacKenzie L 2011. The New Zealand King Salmon Company Limited: Assessment of Environmental Effects – Water Column. Prepared for Prepared for The New Zealand King Salmon Company Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 1985. 79 p. p.

Jefferson B, Palmer A, Jeffrey P, Stuetz R, Judd S 2004. Grey water characterisation and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse. Water Sci Technol 50 (2): 157-64.

Keeley N, Taylor D 2011. The New Zealand King Salmon Company Limited: Assessment of Environmental Effects - Benthic. Prepared for Prepared for New Zealand King Salmon Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 1983. 74 p. plus appendices. p.

MDC 2008. 2008 State of the Environment Marlborough: Section Three: Chapter 10: Marine. 32 p.

Mfe, Moh 2003. Bacteriological Water Quality Guidelines for Marine and Freshwater Recreational Areas. In Guidelines for the Management of recreational and Marine Shellfish-Gathering Waters. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand. pp 1-159.

MSRMP 2003. Marlborough Sounds Resource Management Plan.

Nolde E 2000. Greywater reuse systems for toilet flushing in multi-storey buildings over ten years experience in Berlin. Urban Water 1 (4): 275-284.


Roberts R 1993a. Options for the Treatment and Disposal of Toilet Waste and Grey Water from an Accommodation Barge. Prepared for Southern Ocean Seafoods, Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 243a. 11 p.

Roberts R 1993b. Options for the Treatment and Disposal of Toilet Waste and Grey Water from an Accomodation Barge. Prepared for Southern Ocean Seafoods Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 236. 11 p.

Siegrist RL 1978. Management of Residential Greywater. University of Wisonsin DoCaEE, ed. pp 24.

Sneddon R 2009. McKellar Quay Combined Discharge: Investigation of Temperature Effects on Receiving Water. Prepared for Sealord Group Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 1581. 10 p.

Sneddon R, Tremblay L 2011. The New Zealand King Salmon Company Limited: Assessment of Environmental Effects - Copper and Zinc. Prepared for Prepared for The New Zealand King Salmon Company Ltd. Cawthron Report No. 1984. 53 p. p.


7. APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Material Safety Data Sheets for cleaning and personal hygiene products used by NZ King Salmon

JASOL BATH & SHOWERChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 6581-11Issue Date: 26-May-2010 Version No:3C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 5

Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAMEJASOL BATH & SHOWER

STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATUREConsidered a Hazardous Substance according to the criteria of the New Zealand Hazardous Substances New Organisms legislation.

PRODUCT USELiquid hand and body soap with pleasant fragrance.

SUPPLIERCompany: Jasol Company: JasolAddress: Address:105 Rutherford Street 151B Marua RoadChristchurch, EllerslieNew Zealand Auckland,Telephone: +64 3 384 4433 New ZealandEmergency Tel: 0800 243 622 Telephone: +64 9 580 2105Fax: +64 3 384 4431 Emergency Tel: 0800 429 628Email: [email protected] Fax: +64 9 571 4388

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

GHS ClassificationFlammable Liquid Category 4

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARD

Determined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria:3.1DCombustible Liquid

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

PreventionKeep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

StorageStore in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.

Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

NAME CAS RN %surfactants, nonhazardous 10-30additives nonhazardous 0-10water 7732-18-5 >60

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

NEW ZEALAND POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE 0800 POISON (0800 764 766)NZ EMERGENCY SERVICES: 111

continued...



SWALLOWED• Immediately give a glass of water.• First aid is not generally required. If in doubt, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.

EYE■ If this product comes in contact with eyes:• Wash out immediately with water.• If irritation continues, seek medical attention.• Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

SKIN■ If skin or hair contact occurs:• Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).• Seek medical attention in event of irritation.

INHALED• If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.• Other measures are usually unnecessary.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN■ Treat symptomatically.

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA■ The product contains a substantial proportion of water, therefore there are no restrictions on the type of extinguishing media which may be used.Choice of extinguishing media should take into account surrounding areas.Though the material is non-combustible, evaporation of water from the mixture, caused by the heat of nearby fire, may produce floating layers ofcombustible substances.In such an event consider:• foam.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• The material is not readily combustible under normal conditions.• However, it will break down under fire conditions and the organic component may burn.• Not considered to be a significant fire risk.• Heat may cause expansion or decomposition with violent rupture of containers.Decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes of: carbon dioxide (CO2), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.

FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY■ None known.

PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses: Gloves:Not normally required. When handling larger quantities:

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

MINOR SPILLS• Clean up all spills immediately.• Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.• Control personal contact by using protective equipment.• Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.Slippery when spilt.

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.

Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING■ No special handling procedures required.

SUITABLE CONTAINER• Polyethylene or polypropylene container.• Packing as recommended by manufacturer.• Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS• Store in original containers.• Keep containers securely sealed.• Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.• Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.

continued...



Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

EXPOSURE CONTROLSThe following materials had no OELs on our records• water: CAS:7732- 18- 5

PERSONAL PROTECTION

EYE■ No special equipment for minor exposure i.e. when handling small quantities.• OTHERWISE:• Safety glasses with side shields.

HANDS/FEET■ No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.OTHERWISE: Wear general protective gloves, eg.

OTHER■ None under normal operating conditions.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. If risk of overexposure exists, wear SAA approved respirator.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

APPEARANCEOpaque blue thick liquid with a pleasant odour; mixes with water.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESLiquid.Mixes with water.

State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) 100 Solubility in water (g/L) MiscibleFlash Point (°C) >61 pH (1% solution) Not AvailableDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 7.0- 7.5Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Available Vapour Pressure (kPa) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.0Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Relative Vapour Density Not Available

(air=1)Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available Evaporation Rate Not Available

Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION

CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY• Presence of incompatible materials.• Product is considered stable.• Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS

SWALLOWED■ Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects (as classified under EC Directives), the material may still be damaging to the healthof the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful ortoxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).■ Although the material is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may produce transientdiscomfort characterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).

continued...



EYE■ Although the liquid is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may produce transient discomfortcharacterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).

SKIN■ The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified by EC Directives using animalmodels). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting.

INHALED■ The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract (as classified by EC Directives using animalmodels). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in anoccupational setting.

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ Long-term exposure to the product is not thought to produce chronic effects adverse to health (as classified by EC Directives using animal models);nevertheless exposure by all routes should be minimised as a matter of course.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produceconjunctivitis.

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

No data

EcotoxicityIngredient Persistence: Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility

Water/Soilwater LOW LOW HIGH

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Recycle where possible Otherwise ensure that:• licenced contractors dispose of the product and its container.• disposal occurs at a licenced facility.

Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

HAZCHEM: None

NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS: UN, IATA, IMDG

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

NOTESThis substance should be managed in accordance with the requirements specified in the Cleaning Products (Combustible) Group Standard 2006, HSNO Approval Number HSR002525.

REGULATIONSRegulations for ingredients

water (CAS: 7732-18-5) is found on the following regulatory lists;"IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

No data for Jasol Bath & Shower (CW: 6581-11)

Specific advice on controls required for materials used in New Zealand can be found at

continued...



http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/search/registers.html

Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION

NEW ZEALAND POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE0800 POISON (0800 764 766)NZ EMERGENCY SERVICES: 111■ Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at: www.chemwatch.net/references.

■ The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings.

This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review orcriticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without writtenpermission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

Issue Date: 26-May-2010Print Date: 29-Jul-2010

JASOL CITRUS UNIVERSAL (NEW)Chemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 21-1593Issue Date: 11-Jun-2010 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 6


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL CITRUS UNIVERSAL (NEW)


PRODUCT USEAs a mildly abrasive hand cleaner, to remove grease, rust, dirt, oil, ink, carbon black etc.. Apply a small amount onto hands, massage well in and rinse under running water.



GHS ClassificationAcute Aquatic Hazard Category 1Eye Irritation Category 2ARespiratory Irritation Category 3Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2Skin Sensitizer Category 1

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDWARNINGDetermined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria:6.4A 6.5B 9.1A 6.3ACauses serious eye irritationMay cause allergic skin reactionVery toxic to aquatic lifeCauses skin irritation


PreventionAvoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.Wash thoroughly after handling.Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.Avoid release to the environment.Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

ResponseIF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

continued...



Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.Collect spillage.

StorageStore in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.Store locked up.


NAME CAS RN %d- limonene 5989-27-5 10-30distillates, petroleum, light, hydrotreated 64742-47-8 10-30pumice 1332-09-8 0-10other non hazardous ingredients [manufacturer] 0-10water 7732-18-5 30-60



SWALLOWED• If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.• If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.• Observe the patient carefully.• Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.• Avoid giving milk or oils.• Avoid giving alcohol.• If spontaneous vomiting appears imminent or occurs, hold patient's head down, lower than their hips to help avoid possible aspiration of vomitus.

EYE■ If this product comes in contact with the eyes:• Wash out immediately with fresh running water.• Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.• Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.• Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

SKIN■ If skin contact occurs:• Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.• Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).• Seek medical attention in event of irritation.

INHALED• If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.• Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.• Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.• Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN■ Any material aspirated during vomiting may produce lung injury. Therefore emesis should not be induced mechanically or pharmacologically.For acute or short term repeated exposures to petroleum distillates or related hydrocarbons:• Primary threat to life, from pure petroleum distillate ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure.• Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given

oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes or poor arterial blood gases (pO2 50 mm Hg) should be intubated.• Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported;

intravenous lines and cardiac monitors should be established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so thathyperventilation improves clearance.

• A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence ofpneumothorax.

Treat symptomatically.


EXTINGUISHING MEDIA■ The product contains a substantial proportion of water, therefore there are no restrictions on the type of extinguishing media which may be used.Choice of extinguishing media should take into account surrounding areas.Though the material is non-combustible, evaporation of water from the mixture, caused by the heat of nearby fire, may produce floating layers of

continued...



combustible substances.In such an event consider:• foam.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• Combustible.• Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.• Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.• On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).Combustion products include: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organicmaterial.May emit poisonous fumes.May emit corrosive fumes.


Personal Protective EquipmentGas tight chemical resistant suit.


MINOR SPILLS• Clean up all spills immediately.• Avoid contact with skin and eyes.• Wear impervious gloves and safety goggles.• Trowel up/scrape up.• Clean up all spills immediately.• Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.• Control personal contact by using protective equipment.• Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.



PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING■ No special handling procedures required.




EXPOSURE CONTROLSSource Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m³ Notes___________ ___________ _______ _______ _______New Zealand Workplace distillates, petroleum, 100 525 StoddardExposure Standards (WES) light, hydrotreated (White solvent

spirits)

The following materials had no OELs on our records• d- limonene: CAS:5989- 27- 5 CAS:138- 86- 3• pumice: CAS:1332- 09- 8• water: CAS:7732- 18- 5

PERSONAL PROTECTION

RESPIRATORType A-P Filter of sufficient capacity

continued...



EYE■ No special equipment for minor exposure i.e. when handling small quantities.• OTHERWISE:• Safety glasses with side shields.

HANDS/FEET■ No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.OTHERWISE: Wear general protective gloves, eg.

OTHER■ None under normal operating conditions.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator.


APPEARANCEViscous, slightly gritty, green gel with citrus odour; mixes with water.


State Gel Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Available Solubility in water (g/L) M iscibleFlash Point (°C) >61 pH (1% solution) Not AvailableDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 7.6 ( approx)Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Available Vapour Pressure (kPa) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) 7.0 Petroleum Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.0

hydrocarbonsLower Explosive Limit (%) 0.6 Petroleum Relative Vapour Density Not Available

hydrocarbons (air=1)Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available Evaporation Rate Not Available


CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY■ Product is considered stable and hazardous polymerisation will not occur.For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.




SWALLOWED■ Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects (as classified under EC Directives), the material may still be damaging to the healthof the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful ortoxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).

EYE■ Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or mayproduce significant ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimental animals.Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis);temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.■ Petroleum hydrocarbons may produce pain after direct contact with the eyes. Slight, but transient disturbances of the corneal epithelium may alsoresult.


CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ Practical experience shows that skin contact with the material is capable either of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a substantial number ofindividuals, and/or of producing a positive response in experimental animals.Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying with cracking, irritation and possible dermatitis following.On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed by at least one classification body that the material may producecarcinogenic or mutagenic effects; in respect of the available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactoryassessment.

continued...



Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemicalsystems.Repeated or prolonged exposure to mixed hydrocarbons may produce narcosis with dizziness, weakness, irritability, concentration and/or memory loss,tremor in the fingers and tongue, vertigo, olfactory disorders, constriction of visual field, paraesthesias of the extremities, weight loss andanaemia and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney. Chronic exposure by petroleum workers, to the lighter hydrocarbons, has been associatedwith visual disturbances, damage to the central nervous system, peripheral neuropathies (including numbness and paraesthesias), psychological andneurophysiological deficits, bone marrow toxicities (including hypoplasia possibly due to benzene) and hepatic and renal involvement.In the presence of air, a number of common flavour and fragrance chemicals can form peroxides surprisingly fast. Antioxidants can in most casesminimise the oxidation.<</>.Hydroperoxides of d-limonene are potent contact allergens when studied in guinea pigs. They may result when d-limonene is unstabilised againstoxidation, or upon prolonged standing at room temperature and/ or upon exposure to light, or when stabiliser levels diminish.Peroxidisable terpenes and terpenoids should only be used when the level of peroxides is kept to the lowest practicable level, for instance by addingantioxidants at the time of production. Such products should have a peroxide value of less than 10 millimoles peroxide per liter.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczemainvolves a cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type.No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.d-Limonene is readily absorbed by inhalation and ingestion. Dermal absorption is reported to be lower than by the inhalation route.Limonene exhibits low acute toxicity by all three routes in animals.For "kerosenes"Acute toxicity: Oral LD50s for three kerosenes (Jet A, CAS No. 8008-20-6 and CAS No.

CARCINOGENd- Limonene (NB: International Agency Group 3Overall evaluation for Research on Cancerdowngraded from 2B to 3 (IARC) - Agentswith supporting Reviewed by the IARCevidence from other Monographsrelevant data)Petroleum solvents International Agency Group 3

for Research on Cancer(IARC) - AgentsReviewed by the IARCMonographs


d-limonene 96 hr LC50 (0.702) mg/L Fathead minnow Fish Source: Calculated

Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.Avoid release to the environment.Refer to special instructions/ safety data sheets.


Water/Soild- limonene HIGH LOW MEDwater LOW LOW HIGH




HAZCHEM: None


continued...




d-limonene (CAS: 5989-27-5,138-86-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals","OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern"

distillates, petroleum, light, hydrotreated (CAS: 64742-47-8) is found on the following regulatory lists;"International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

pumice (CAS: 1332-09-8) is found on the following regulatory lists;"New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)"


No data for Jasol Citrus Universal (NEW) (CW: 21-1593)

Specific advice on controls required for materials used in New Zealand can be found athttp://www.ermanz.govt.nz/search/registers.html


NEW ZEALAND POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE0800 POISON (0800 764 766)NZ EMERGENCY SERVICES: 111

INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERSIngredient Name CASd- limonene 5989- 27- 5, 138- 86- 3

■ Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at: www.chemwatch.net/references.



Issue Date: 11-Jun-2010Print Date: 29-Jul-2010

JASOL DISINFECTANT ECLIPSEChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 21-5464Issue Date: 7-Jul-2009 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 6


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL DISINFECTANT ECLIPSE


PRODUCT USEGreen liquid with pleasant spicy odour; mixes with water.

SUPPLIERCompany: Jasol Company: JasolAddress: Address:151B Marua Road 105 Rutherford StreetEllerslie Christchurch,Auckland, New ZealandNew Zealand Telephone: +64 3 384 4433Telephone: +64 9 580 2105 Emergency Tel: 0800 243 622Emergency Tel: 0800 429 628 Fax: +64 3 384 4431Fax: +64 9 571 4388 Email: [email protected]


GHS ClassificationAcute Aquatic Hazard Category 2Reproductive Toxicity Category 2Respiratory Irritation Category 3Respiratory Sensitizer Category 1Serious Eye Damage Category 1Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2Skin Sensitizer Category 1

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDDANGERDetermined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria:6.5A 6.5B 6.8B 9.1B 6.3A 8.3AMay cause allergic or asthmatic symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaledMay cause allergic skin reactionSuspected of damaging fertilityToxic to aquatic lifeCauses skin irritationCauses serious eye damage


PreventionObtain special instructions before use.Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.Wash thoroughly after handling.Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.Avoid release to the environment.Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

continued...



Use personal protective equipment as required.In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.

ResponseIF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.



NAME CAS RN %benzalkonium chloride 8001-54-5 1-5pine oil 8002-09-3 NotSpecperfume NotSpecsurfactants NotSpecblue dye NotSpecyellow dye NotSpecwater 7732-18-5 NotSpec



SWALLOWED• If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.• If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.• Observe the patient carefully.• Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.• For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.

EYE• If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.• Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.• Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.• Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.






continued...



FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• The material is not readily combustible under normal conditions.• However, it will break down under fire conditions and the organic component may burn.• Not considered to be a significant fire risk.• Heat may cause expansion or decomposition with violent rupture of containers.Decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes of: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen chloride, phosgene, nitrogen oxides (NOx), other pyrolysis productstypical of burning organic material.May emit poisonous fumes.May emit corrosive fumes.


PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses: Gloves: Respirator:Chemical goggles. 1.BUTYL 2.NEOPRENE 3.VITON Type A- P Filter of sufficient capacity


MINOR SPILLS• Clean up all spills immediately.• Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.• Control personal contact by using protective equipment.• Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.



PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING• Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.• Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.• Use in a well-ventilated area.• Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.• DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.




EXPOSURE CONTROLSThe following materials had no OELs on our records• benzalkonium chloride: CAS:8001- 54- 5• pine oil: CAS:8002- 09- 3• water: CAS:7732- 18- 5

PERSONAL PROTECTION


EYE• Safety glasses with side shields.• Chemical goggles.• Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the

wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption andadsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in theirremoval and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contactlens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environmentonly after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].

continued...



HANDS/FEET• Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.• Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg. Rubber.NOTE:• The material may produce skin sensitisation in predisposed individuals. Care must be taken, when removing gloves and other protective equipment, to

avoid all possible skin contact.• Contaminated leather items, such as shoes, belts and watch-bands should be removed and destroyed.Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: such as:• frequency and duration of contact,• chemical resistance of glove material,• glove thickness and• dexterity.

OTHER• Overalls.• P.V.C. apron.• Barrier cream.• Skin cleansing cream.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation may be required in special circumstances.


APPEARANCEDisinfectant, odour masking, fly repellent. and light duty cleaner.


State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Available Solubility in water (g/L) M iscibleFlash Point (°C) Not Applicable pH (1% solution) Not Availab leDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 7Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Available Vapour Pressure (kPa) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) Not AvailableLower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Relative Vapour Density Not Available








EYE■ Limited evidence exists, or practical experience suggests, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/oris expected to produce significant ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimentalanimals. Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva(conjunctivitis); temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.


continued...



INHALED■ Although inhalation is not thought to produce harmful effects (as classified under EC Directives), the material may still produce health damage,especially where pre-existing organ (e.g liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally confinedto doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemicalsystems.Limited evidence shows that inhalation of the material is capable of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a significant number of individuals at agreater frequency than would be expected from the response of a normal population.Pulmonary sensitisation, resulting in hyperactive airway dysfunction and pulmonary allergy may be accompanied by fatigue, malaise and aching.There exists limited evidence that shows that skin contact with the material is capable either of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a significantnumber of individuals, and/or of producing positive response in experimental animals.Exposure to the material may cause concerns for human fertility, on the basis that similar materials provide some evidence of impaired fertility inthe absence of toxic effects, or evidence of impaired fertility occurring at around the same dose levels as other toxic effects, but which are not asecondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects..

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ Not available. Refer to individual constituents.


benzalkonium chloride 96 hr LC50 (6.1) mg/L Medaka, high-eyes Fish Source:

No data


Water/Soilbenzalkonium chloride LOWwater LOW LOW HIGH




HAZCHEM: None



NOTESThis substance should be managed in accordance with the requirements specified in the Cleaning Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006, HSNO Approval Number HSR002530.


benzalkonium chloride (CAS: 8001-54-5) is found on the following regulatory lists;"New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Pesticides","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Timber Preservatives, Antisapstains and Antifouling Paints","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Veterinary Medicines","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)"

continued...



pine oil (CAS: 8002-09-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;"GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals -Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Dangerous Goods","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Pesticides","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"


No data for Jasol Disinfectant Eclipse (CW: 21-5464)






Issue Date: 7-Jul-2009Print Date: 29-Jul-2010

JASOL FREEWAY FLOOR CLEANERChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 21-5471Issue Date: 7-Jul-2009 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 7


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL FREEWAY FLOOR CLEANER


PRODUCT USE■ INTEGRITY CHECK: Product contains BOTH an alcohol and an acid as ingredients.Cleaning and degreasing hard surfaces.



GHS ClassificationAcute Aquatic Hazard Category 3Reproductive Toxicity Category 1BRespiratory Irritation Category 3Respiratory Sensitizer Category 1Serious Eye Damage Category 1Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2Skin Sensitizer Category 1

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDDANGERDetermined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria:6.5A 6.5B 6.8A 9.1C 6.3A 8.3AMay cause allergic or asthmatic symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaledMay cause allergic skin reactionMay damage the unborn childHarmful to aquatic lifeCauses skin irritationCauses serious eye damage


PreventionObtain special instructions before use.Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.Wash thoroughly after handling.Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.Avoid release to the environment.

continued...



Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Use personal protective equipment as required.In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.

ResponseIF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.



NAME CAS RN %isopropanol 67-63-0 5-10ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 111-76-2 0-5benzyl C8- 18 alkyldimethylammonium chloride 63449-41-2 0-1EDTA tetrasodium salt 64-02-8 0-1surfactants NotSpecpine oil 8002-09-3 NotSpecred dye NotSpecwater 7732-18-5 NotSpec



SWALLOWED• If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.• If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.• Observe the patient carefully.• Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.• For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.

EYE• If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.• Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.• Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.• Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.



NOTES TO PHYSICIAN■ Treat symptomatically.For acute or short term repeated exposures to ethylene glycol:• Early treatment of ingestion is important. Ensure emesis is satisfactory.• Test and correct for metabolic acidosis and hypocalcaemia.• Apply sustained diuresis when possible with hypertonic mannitol.• Evaluate renal status and begin haemodialysis if indicated. [I.L.O].

continued...




FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• The material is not readily combustible under normal conditions.• However, it will break down under fire conditions and the organic component may burn.• Not considered to be a significant fire risk.• Heat may cause expansion or decomposition with violent rupture of containers.Decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes of: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen chloride, phosgene, nitrogen oxides (NOx), other pyrolysis productstypical of burning organic material.May emit poisonous fumes.May emit corrosive fumes.


PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses: Gloves: Respirator:Chemical goggles. 1.NEOPRENE 2.NATURAL RUBBER Type A- P Filter of sufficient capacity





PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING• DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.• Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.• Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.• Use in a well-ventilated area.• Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.




EXPOSURE CONTROLSSource Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m³ STEL ppm STEL mg/m³ Notes___________ ___________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______New Zealand Workplace isopropanol 400 983 500 1, 230Exposure Standards (Isopropyl alcohol)(WES)New Zealand Workplace ethylene glycol 25 121 skinExposure Standards monobutyl ether (2-(WES) Butoxyethanol)

continued...



The following materials had no OELs on our records• benzyl C8- 18 alkyldimethylammonium chloride: CAS:63449- 41- 2 CAS:51668- 62- 3• EDTA tetrasodium salt: CAS:64- 02- 8 CAS:10378- 23- 1 CAS:13235- 36-

4• pine oil: CAS:8002- 09- 3• water: CAS:7732- 18- 5

PERSONAL PROTECTION







ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation may be required in special circumstances.


APPEARANCEClear red liquid with pine and lemon odour; mixes with water.


State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Available Solubility in water (g/L) M iscibleFlash Point (°C) Not Available pH (1% solution) Not Availabl eDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 11.0 - 11.49Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Available Vapour Pressure (kPa) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Specific Gravity (water=1) 0.995 @ 20CLower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Relative Vapour Density Not Available


Material ValueETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER:log Kow 0.76- 0.83

continued...








EYE■ Limited evidence exists, or practical experience suggests, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/oris expected to produce significant ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimentalanimals. Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva(conjunctivitis); temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.■ Isopropanol vapour may cause mild eye irritation at 400 ppm. Splashes may cause severe eye irritation, possible corneal burns and eye damage.


INHALED■ Although inhalation is not thought to produce harmful effects (as classified under EC Directives), the material may still produce health damage,especially where pre-existing organ (e.g liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally confinedto doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).

CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemicalsystems.Limited evidence shows that inhalation of the material is capable of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a significant number of individuals at agreater frequency than would be expected from the response of a normal population.Pulmonary sensitisation, resulting in hyperactive airway dysfunction and pulmonary allergy may be accompanied by fatigue, malaise and aching.There exists limited evidence that shows that skin contact with the material is capable either of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a significantnumber of individuals, and/or of producing positive response in experimental animals.There is some evidence that human exposure to the material may result in developmental toxicity. This evidence is based on animal studies whereeffects have been observed in the absence of marked maternal toxicity, or at around the same dose levels as other toxic effects but which are notsecondary non-specific consequences of the other toxic effects.Exposure to the material may cause concerns for human fertility, on the basis that similar materials provide some evidence of impaired fertility inthe absence of toxic effects, or evidence of impaired fertility occurring at around the same dose levels as other toxic effects, but which are not asecondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects..In the presence of air, a number of common flavour and fragrance chemicals can form peroxides surprisingly fast. Antioxidants can in most casesminimise the oxidation.<</>.On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed that the material may produce carcinogenic or mutagenic effects; inrespect of the available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactory assessment.Long term or repeated ingestion exposure of isopropanol may produce incoordination, lethargy and reduced weight gain.

Repeated inhalation exposure to isopropanol may produce narcosis, incoordination and liver degeneration.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczemainvolves a cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type.d-Limonene is readily absorbed by inhalation and ingestion. Dermal absorption is reported to be lower than by the inhalation route.Limonene exhibits low acute toxicity by all three routes in animals.Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition knownas reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound.

CARCINOGENIsopropanol International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 3

(IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCMonographs

continued...



2- Butoxyethanol International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 3(IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCMonographs

SKINethylene glycol New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards Notes Skinmonobutyl ether (WES) - Skin


pine oil 96 hr LC50 (54.82) mg/L Bluegill Fish Source:

Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.


Water/Soilisopropanol LOW MED LOW HIGHethylene glycol monobutyl ether LOW LOW LOW HIGHbenzyl C8- 18 LOWalkyldimethylammonium chloridewater LOW LOW HIGH




HAZCHEM: None





isopropanol (CAS: 67-63-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;"GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances","IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 2: Pollutant only mixtures containing at least 99% by weight of components already assessed by IMO","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Dangerous Goods","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (CAS: 111-76-2) is found on the following regulatory lists;"IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Dangerous Goods","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

benzyl C8-18 alkyldimethylammonium chloride (CAS: 63449-41-2,51668-62-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;"New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals -

continued...



Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Pesticides","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Timber Preservatives, Antisapstains and Antifouling Paints","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Veterinary Medicines","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)"

EDTA tetrasodium salt (CAS: 64-02-8,10378-23-1,13235-36-4) is found on the following regulatory lists;"IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

pine oil (CAS: 8002-09-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;"GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals -Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Dangerous Goods","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Pesticides","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"


No data for Jasol Freeway Floor Cleaner (CW: 21-5471)




INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERSIngredient Name CASbenzyl C8- 18 alkyldimethylammonium chloride 63449- 41- 2, 51668- 62- 3EDTA tetrasodium salt 64- 02- 8, 10378- 23- 1, 13235- 36- 4





JASOL LAUNDRY LIQUIDChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 6581-37Issue Date: 16-Jul-2008 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 5


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL LAUNDRY LIQUID

STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURENot considered a Hazardous Substance according to the criteria of the New Zealand Hazardous Substances New Organisms legislation.

PRODUCT USELiquid laundry detergent.



EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDNot hazardous


NAME CAS RN %surfactants, unregulated 10-30other nonhazardous ingredients 0-10water 7732-18-5 >60



SWALLOWED• If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.• If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.• Observe the patient carefully.• Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.


SKIN■ If skin or hair contact occurs:

continued...



• Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).• Seek medical attention in event of irritation.




EXTINGUISHING MEDIA• There is no restriction on the type of extinguisher which may be used.• Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding area.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• Non combustible.• Not considered a significant fire risk, however containers may burn.


PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses: Gloves:Chemical goggles. When handling larger quantities:





PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING• Limit all unnecessary personal contact.• Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.• Use in a well-ventilated area.• Avoid contact with incompatible materials.





PERSONAL PROTECTION

continued...



EYE• Safety glasses with side shields• Chemical goggles.• Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the


HANDS/FEET■ Wear general protective gloves, eg. light weight rubber gloves.Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: such as:• frequency and duration of contact,• chemical resistance of glove material,• glove thickness and• dexterity.

OTHER■ No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.OTHERWISE:• Overalls.• Barrier cream.• Eyewash unit.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. If risk of overexposure exists, wear SAA approved respirator.


APPEARANCEBlue medium viscous liquid with a fresh odour; mixes with water.


State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) ~100 Solubility in water (g/L) MiscibleFlash Point (°C) Not Applicable pH (1% solution) Not Availab leDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 6- 8Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa ) 2.3 @ 20CUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.0Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Relative Vapour Density Not Available







SWALLOWED■ Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects (as classified under EC Directives), the material may still be damaging to the healthof the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful ortoxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).■ Although the material is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may produce transientdiscomfort characterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).

EYE■ Although the liquid is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may produce transient discomfortcharacterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn).

continued...








No data






HAZCHEM: None





No data for Jasol Laundry Liquid (CW: 6581-37)


continued...







JASOL SOFT SOAP ANTISEPTICChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 21-5510Issue Date: 25-Jun-2009 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 5


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL SOFT SOAP ANTISEPTIC


PRODUCT USEHand and Skin/Hair Cleaning



GHS ClassificationEye Irritation Category 2B

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDWARNINGDetermined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria:6.4ACauses eye irritation


PreventionWash thoroughly after handling.

ResponseIF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.


NAME CAS RN %sodium lauryl ether sulfate 9004-82-4 notspeccoconut diethanolamide 68603-42-9 notspecglycerol 56-81-5 notspeccocoamidopropyl betaine notspecacetylated ethoxylanolin notspecC.I. Acid Blue 9 2650-18-2 notspecwater 7732-18-5 >60

continued...




SWALLOWED• Immediately give a glass of water.• First aid is not generally required. If in doubt, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.


SKIN■ Not applicable.

INHALED■ Not applicable.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN■ Treat symptomatically.SOFT SOAP ANTISEPTIC is gentle liquid soap.The main hazard is ingestion, which may cause diarrhoea.



FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• The material is not readily combustible under normal conditions.• However, it will break down under fire conditions and the organic component may burn.• Not considered to be a significant fire risk.• Heat may cause expansion or decomposition with violent rupture of containers.Decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes of: carbon dioxide (CO2), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.May emit corrosive fumes.


PERSONAL PROTECTIONRespirator:Type AK- P Filter of sufficient capacity


MINOR SPILLS• Clean up all spills immediately.• Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.• Control personal contact by using protective equipment.• Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.Slippery when spilt.



PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING• Avoid contact with eyes.• Wash and dry hands after using.• Use good occupational work practices.

continued...



• Avoid physical damage to containers.




EXPOSURE CONTROLSSource Material TWA mg/m³ Notes___________ ___________ _______ _______New Zealand Workplace Exposure glycerol (Glycerin mist) 10(d) mistStandards (WES)

The following materials had no OELs on our records• coconut CAS:68603- 42- 9 CAS:61791- 31- 9diethanolamide:• C.I. Acid Blue 9: CAS:2650- 18- 2 CAS:86924- 52- 9 CAS:99149- 43- 6 CAS:1334- 07- 2

CAS:29519- 65- 1 CAS:37307- 55- 4 CAS:37307- 56- 5 CAS:37307- 78- 1CAS:511534- 54- 6 CAS:51609- 24- 6 CAS:55819- 29- 9

• water: CAS:7732- 18- 5

PERSONAL PROTECTION

RESPIRATORType AK-P Filter of sufficient capacity

EYE■ Not applicable.

HANDS/FEET■ Not applicable.

OTHER■ Not applicable.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS■ General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation may be required in specific circumstances.


APPEARANCEBlue liquid with faint coconut type odour.; mixes with water


State Liquid Molecular Weight Not AvailableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Applicable Solubility in water (g/L) MiscibleFlash Point (°C) Not Applicable pH (1% solution) Not Availab leDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 6.8Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa ) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) Not AvailableLower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Relative Vapour Density Not Available


continued...



CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY■ Product is considered stable and hazardous polymerisation will not occur.For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.








No data


Water/Soilglycerol LOW LOW HIGHC.I. Acid Blue 9 HIGH LOW LOWwater LOW LOW HIGH




HAZCHEM: None




continued...




coconut diethanolamide (CAS: 68603-42-9,61791-31-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;"GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

glycerol (CAS: 56-81-5) is found on the following regulatory lists;"CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

C.I. Acid Blue 9 (CAS: 2650-18-2,86924-52-9,99149-43-6,1334-07-2,29519-65-1,37307-55-4,37307-56-5,37307-78-1,511534-54-6,51609-24-6,55819-29-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;"New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)"


No data for Jasol Soft Soap Antiseptic (CW: 21-5510)No data for sodium lauryl ether sulfate (CW: 22625)




INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERSIngredient Name CAScoconut 68603- 42- 9, 61791- 31- 9diethanolamideC.I. Acid Blue 9 2650- 18- 2, 86924- 52- 9, 99149- 43- 6, 1334- 07- 2, 29519- 65- 1, 37307-

55- 4, 37307- 56- 5, 37307- 78- 1, 511534- 54- 6, 51609- 24- 6, 55819- 29- 9





JASOL SURFAX DETERGENTChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 21-5528Issue Date: 26-Jun-2009 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 5


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL SURFAX DETERGENT


PRODUCT USEGeneral Purpose detergent.



GHS ClassificationEye Irritation Category 2BSkin Corrosion/Irritation Category 3

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDWARNINGDetermined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria:6.3B 6.4ACauses mild skin irritationCauses eye irritation


PreventionWash thoroughly after handling.

ResponseIF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/ attention.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.


NAME CAS RN %anionic surfactants NotSpecnonionic surfactants NotSpecpreservatives NotSpecglycerine NotSpecwater 7732-18-5 NotSpec

continued...










EXTINGUISHING MEDIA• There is no restriction on the type of extinguisher which may be used.• Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding area.

FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• Non combustible.• Not considered a significant fire risk, however containers may burn.May emit poisonous fumes.May emit corrosive fumes.


PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses: Gloves:Chemical goggles. PVC chemical resistant type.





PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING• Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.• Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.• Use in a well-ventilated area.• Avoid contact with moisture.• DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.

continued...







PERSONAL PROTECTION



HANDS/FEET• Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.• Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg. Rubber.Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: such as:• frequency and duration of contact,• chemical resistance of glove material,• glove thickness and• dexterity.




APPEARANCEMobile, golden yellow liquid; mixes with water.


State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Available Solubility in water (g/L) M iscibleFlash Point (°C) Not Available pH (1% solution) Not Availabl eDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 7.0Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Available Vapour Pressure (kPa) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.0Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Relative Vapour Density Not Available


continued...














No data





continued...



HAZCHEM: None






No data for Jasol Surfax Detergent (CW: 21-5528)







JASOL ZAP SHOWER CLEANERChemwatch Material Safety Data SheetFor Domestic Use Only. CHEMWATCH 21-5542Issue Date: 10-Jul-2009 Version No:2.0C9477SD CD 2010/2 Page 1 of 6


PRODUCT NAMEJASOL ZAP SHOWER CLEANER


PRODUCT USE■ MSDS are intended for use in the workplace. For domestic-use products, refer to consumer labels.Shower, bathroom, laundry and other hard surface cleaning.



GHS ClassificationSerious Eye Damage Category 1Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 3

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

HAZARDDANGERGazetted by ERMANZ:6.3B 8.3ACauses mild skin irritationCauses serious eye damage


PreventionWear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

ResponseIF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/ attention.


NAME CAS RN %citric acid 77-92-9 5-15isopropanol 67-63-0 1-10d- limonene 5989-27-5 0.1-1.0

continued...











FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD• The material is not readily combustible under normal conditions.• However, it will break down under fire conditions and the organic component may burn.• Not considered to be a significant fire risk.• Heat may cause expansion or decomposition with violent rupture of containers.Decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes of: carbon dioxide (CO2), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.May emit poisonous fumes.May emit corrosive fumes.


PERSONAL PROTECTIONGlasses: Gloves: Respirator:Chemical goggles. 1.NEOPRENE 2.NATURAL RUBBER Type A Filter of sufficient capacity




continued...



PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING• DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin.• Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.• Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.• Use in a well-ventilated area.• Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.




EXPOSURE CONTROLSSource Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m³ STEL ppm STEL mg/m³___________ ___________ _______ _______ _______ _______New Zealand Workplace isopropanol (Isopropyl 400 983 500 1, 230Exposure Standards alcohol)(WES)

The following materials had no OELs on our records• citric acid: CAS:77- 92- 9• d- limonene: CAS:5989- 27- 5 CAS:138- 86- 3

PERSONAL PROTECTION

RESPIRATORType A Filter of sufficient capacity







continued...



APPEARANCEClear yellow liquid with an orange odour; mixes with water.


State Liquid Molecular Weight Not ApplicableMelting Range (°C) Not Available Viscosity Not AvailableBoiling Range (°C) Not Available Solubility in water (g/L) M iscibleFlash Point (°C) Not Applicable pH (1% solution) Not Availab leDecomposition Temp (°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 2.0- 2.5Autoignition Temp (°C) Not Applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa ) Not AvailableUpper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) 1.0 approx.Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Relative Vapour Density Not Available


Material ValueCITRIC ACID:log Kow - 1.72







EYE■ Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or mayproduce significant ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimental animals.Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis);temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.



CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS■ Practical experience shows that skin contact with the material is capable either of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a substantial number ofindividuals, and/or of producing a positive response in experimental animals.On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed by at least one classification body that the material may producecarcinogenic or mutagenic effects; in respect of the available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactoryassessment.Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemicalsystems.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION■ Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczemainvolves a cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type.d-Limonene is readily absorbed by inhalation and ingestion. Dermal absorption is reported to be lower than by the inhalation route.Limonene exhibits low acute toxicity by all three routes in animals.

continued...



CARCINOGENIsopropanol International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 3

(IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCMonographs

d- Limonene (NB: International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 3Overall evaluation (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARCdowngraded from 2B to Monographs3 with supportingevidence from otherrelevant data)


Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.


Water/Soilcitric acid LOW LOW HIGHisopropanol LOW MED LOW HIGHd- limonene HIGH LOW MED




HAZCHEM: None



NOTESThis substance should be managed in accordance with the requirements specified in the Industrial and Institutional Cleaning Products (Toxic [6.1]) Group Standard 2006, HSNO Approval Number HSR002593.


citric acid (CAS: 77-92-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;"CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Noxious Liquid Substances Carried in Bulk","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

isopropanol (CAS: 67-63-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;"GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 18: List of products to which the Code does not apply","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances","IMO Provisional Categorization of Liquid Substances - List 2: Pollutant only mixtures containing at least 99% by weight of components already assessed by IMO","International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Dangerous Goods","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals"

continued...



d-limonene (CAS: 5989-27-5,138-86-3) is found on the following regulatory lists;"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals","New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data","New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals","OSPAR List of Substances of Possible Concern"

No data for Jasol Zap Shower Cleaner (CW: 21-5542)




INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERSIngredient Name CASd- limonene 5989- 27- 5, 138- 86- 3





New Zealand King Salmon Company Limited: Assessment of ... · Of the seven existing NZ King Salmon farms, only five have fixed feeding and accommodation barges (Table 1). The Crail

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