1 New trends in development of modern city buses Zbigniew Palenica Executive Board Member Solaris Bus & Coach S.A.
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1
New trends in development
of modern city buses
Zbigniew Palenica Executive Board Member Solaris Bus & Coach S.A.
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About us
❷ Bus, trolleybus or tram? What market opts for?
❸ Stronger, lighter, more efficient = modern city buses
Zero emission buses – but which one?
Electric buses – available options
Questions and answers
Agenda
3
• Founded in 1996
• 2,300 employees in Poland, over 300 in international sales and after sales subsidiaries
• Headquarters and four production sites in Greater Poland region
• €375 million turnover (2014)
• Largest independent city bus builder in continental Europe
• Production capacity: 40 buses/week and 1 tram/week
About Solaris
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About us
❷ Bus, trolleybus or tram? What market opts for?
❸ Stronger, lighter, more efficient = modern city buses
Zero emission buses – but which one?
Electric buses – available options
Questions and answers
Agenda
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Bus, trolleybus or tram?
SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
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Tramino
2009
Road electric
APU
2003
Electric
2011
Development
path Combustion
engine
Hybrid
Diesel
1999
CNG
2004
Parallel hybrid
2006 Series hybrid
2010
Tramino
GT 2013
Trolley
2001 Bateries
2004
Development of
recuperation
systems
Diesel
1999
Rail electric
Bus, trolleybus or tram?
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About us
❷ Bus, trolleybus or tram? What market opts for?
❸ Stronger, lighter, more efficient = modern city buses
Zero emission buses – but which one?
Electric buses – available options
Questions and answers
Agenda
8 8
• Weight reduction
• Use of new lighter and stronger materials
• Modular construction dedicated for diesel, electric, and other propulsion systems
• Lower energy consumption
• Better comfort for passengers and drivers
• Easier and cheaper maintenance
• Attractive design
New generation of city buses
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New Solaris Urbino Solaris Urbino
Number of seats 32+1 32+1
Number of pedestal-free seats
16 10
Total passenger capacity 110 104
Total weight 10 170 kg 10 890 kg
Noise 74.8 dB (A) EURO6 78 dB (A) EURO5
Parameters comparison
New generation of city buses
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• Thanks to moving air tanks to the front a larger space in the passenger compartment was obtained
• The expanded spacing between main ceiling support profiles (tragers) allows installation of larger monitors than before
New generation of city buses
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New construction for
added strength at a
reduced weight
Fuel tank located
on front
wheelarch
Lightweight elements of
side panelling screwed
in place
Better weight
distribution with
less weight
on drive axle
Option to move the
second
door 1,4 meter further
to the back
Sharper, more dynamic
lines
USB
Chargers on
the bus
New generation of city buses
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Maintenance
access
hatches open
to 170°
Interior height
maintained despite 50
mm lower roof line More pedestal-free
seats (16 / 24)
LED interior and
exterior lighting
Higher
placement of
drivers’ seat
LF and LE buses in
standardised exterior
design
New generation of city buses
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About us
❷ Bus, trolleybus or tram? What market opts for?
❸ Stronger, lighter, more efficient = modern city buses
Zero emission buses – but which one?
Electric buses – available options
Questions and answers
Agenda
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Electric bus emission free at point of operation
Hybrid bus
Trolleybus Battery bus
Hybrid buses, trolleybuses and battery buses = electric buses
Zero emission operation
Diesel auxiliary power unit
Oil/diesel heater / range extender
with diesel engine
Electric mobility
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Trendsetter for hybrid buses in Europe
First European city bus with volume-production hybrid technology (2006)
Offer of different diesel-electric hybrid technologies gives operators the choice of suitable hybrid drive systems
Fuel consumption reduced by up to 29%, emissions by up to 78%
Electric mobility
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Market leader in trolleybuses
Solaris Trollino trolleybuses have provided electric mobility since 2001
Available in four lengths (12, 15, 18 & 18,75 metres)
Choice of four traction equipment suppliers (Škoda, Medcom, Cegelec, Vossloh Kiepe)
EU & EFTA market leader with 40% market share
Electric mobility
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Hybrid trolleybus with batteries and supercaps
Demonstrator in Eberswalde as part of EU-funded TROLLEY project
Battery (72 kWh) for 4 km independent operation per 18 km round trip
Fits into existing space on the bus
Other battery sizes are possible
Energy cost per km for hybrid trolleybus is 32% lower than for reference vehicles (fitted with diesel auxiliary units and supercaps)
New possibilities for electric bus systems
Route extension without infrastructure cost
New networks with infrastructure only on highly-used main sections
Electric mobility
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Eye-catching MetroStyle design option
All Solaris electric buses can be specified with the eye-catching MetroStyle design option for Bus Rapid Transit operation
Electric mobility
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Electric drivetrain is at the heart of all electric buses
Energy supply
Energy generation
Energy storage
Battery
Supercapacitors
Fast charging
Overhead line
Cable & plug
Conductive Inductive
Traction electrics
Generator Fuel cell
Diesel engine Gas engine
Elec
tric
mo
tor
Dri
ve a
xle
Electric mobility
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Electric buses are energy-efficient
4,48
3,55
2,52
1,28 Electric bus (ideal conditions)
Electric bus (difficult conditions)
Diesel-electric hybrid
Diesel
Energy requirement in kWh/km Cost savings
0%
22%
42%
71%
Data for 12-metre standard bus, according to SORT 2 (without heating), own measurements Cost of 1 litre diesel 5.52 PLN, cost of 1 kWh electricity 0.56 PLN
Electric mobility
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Limited range is main obstacle
Data for 12-metre standard bus, according to SORT 2 (without heating), own measurements
350 km
450 kWh
5430 kg
–78
185 km
240 kWh
2800 kg
–41
60 km
80 kWh
960 kg
–15
Electric mobility
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About us
❷ Bus, trolleybus or tram? What market opts for?
❸ Stronger, lighter, more efficient = modern city buses
Zero emission buses – but which one?
Electric buses – available options
Questions and answers
Agenda
23
Available battery sizes
High Power1 High Energy2
kWh Bombardier
80 120 160 200 240 60 90
Cable & plug
Pantograph
Induction
1 Lithium-titanite (Li4Ti5O12): warranty for 10,000 cycles within 5 years 2 Lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4): warranty for 3,300 cycles within 5 years
Batteries
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Choice of charging technologies
Cable & plug
16–200 kW charging power
Pantograph
Up to 450 kW charging power
Choice of two systems
Solaris (with Eko Energetyka)
Schunk Smart Charging
Induction
200 kW charging power
Bombardier Primove system
Charging technologies
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International projects
ZeEUS
• ZeEUS project focus on the today's challenge in the electrification of bus system, the extension of the fully-electric solution to a wider part of the urban network.
• This goes through the development of electric vehicles of large capacity, and the creation of an infrastructure capable of providing the required charging energy, operated according to non-disruptive and grid-balancing principles.
• The ZeEUS project will cover innovative electric bus solutions with different types of electrical power-train systems.
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International projects
Emerald
Project purpose: EMERALD focuses on energy use optimisation and on the seamless integration of the FEV into the transport and energy infrastructure, by delivering clear advances over the state-of-the-art. EMERALD will introduce Integrated in-vehicle energy management, comprising: Dynamic energy-driven management of FEV auxiliaries, Energy-efficient long-range route planning and optimisation, Performance-centric machine learning for consumption prediction, User-centric charge and discharge management, Solaris contribution to the Project concerns primarily participation in testing EMERALD functional system
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What next ?
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Thank you for your attention!
Zbigniew Palenica Executive Board Member Solaris Bus & Coach S.A.
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