New Technologies for the Cleanup of Weathered Petroleum in Silt and Clay Presented By: Troy Fowler President & CTO, Bioremediation Specialists, LLC Co-Authors: Chris Martin, P.E. Hart Crowser, Inc. Zach Goodman Alpha Environmental Services, Inc. Presented at 2014 Remediation Technologies Symposium – Banff, Alberta, Canada
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New Technologies for the Cleanup of Weathered Petroleum in Silt and Clay
Presented By: Troy Fowler
President & CTO, Bioremediation Specialists, LLC
Co-Authors: Chris Martin, P.E. Hart Crowser, Inc.
Zach Goodman Alpha Environmental Services, Inc.
Presented at 2014 Remediation Technologies Symposium – Banff, Alberta, Canada
– Fine-grained materials
• Retain contaminants in pores • Resist introduction of amendments
– Real world • Differing transmissivity impacts amendment distribution
• Breaks the forces that form clay sheets • Disrupts ionic bonding between soil and water • Increases transmissivity 1 to 3+ orders of magnitude • Clay behaves more like fine sand
– Chemical oxidation activity • Directly reacts with weathered petroleum • Heavier and more weathered, more reactions
NovIOX-treated silt and clay loses platelet configuration
NovIOX™ Oxidation Activity
Reacts at substitutions or unsaturation
Colloidal NovIOX molecule
Ion-exchange head
Available Protons
Resin tail
NovIOX™ Oxidation Activity
Reaction with water
NovIOX™ Oxidation Activity
After reaction, various fatty acids, aldehydes, carbon dioxide, etc. are formed
Note: Chemists, please calm down. This illustration is for the non-chemists.
Petroleum is converted quickly
degradable organics
Foam production provides a real-time,
qualitative understanding of petroleum distribution
NovIOX™ Surfactant Activity
Petroleum entrained in clay
Branched alkane
Resin tail
Reaction with clay
Petroleum lifted from clay
The Solution
CLAY
SILTY CLAY
SANDY CLAY LOAM
In 7 to 30 days after NovIOX™
60% less petroleum Soil behaves more like fine sand
Better biological oxidant distribution
– Improve slug injection performance/distribution – Well redevelopment – Reduce injection well fouling – TSS reduction
Other NovIOX™ Applications
– AnoxEA® AQ biological oxidant
• Allows microbes to “breathe” petroleum and fatty acids • Patent-pending blend of multiple electron acceptors • Nutrients to support microbial development • 37% available oxygen by weight • Fully water soluble • Reduces metals mobility (lead, arsenic)
• Silty clay • Legacy heating oil UST (>10 years) • Real estate transaction • Standard excavation/removal initially conducted • Excavation 16’ W x 16’ L x 12’ D • 114 cu.yds. of soil removed before AMOR™
• Further excavation not practical
In Situ Application Study #2
– Excavation up to
structural limits – Treatment goals
• Reduce soil TPH • Reduce shallow
groundwater TPH • Eliminate vapor
intrusion risk to home
In Situ Application Study #1
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? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4,920 mg/kg
TPH-Dx
Oregon State Cleanup (1,100 mg/kg)
Client Cleanup (500 mg/kg)
550 mg/kg TPH-Dx
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300 pounds of AnoxEA®
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Sheen
Reaction
New borehole
Old borehole
Recent borehole
Sheen
Old borehole
Reaction
– Results
• Cleanup met in under 45 days
• >99% reduction
– Did not have to shore house
– NFA secured
In Situ Application Study #1
– Total Costs
• Excavation and tank removal = $34,000 US – Remove and dispose of 111 cubic yards – Dispose of 13,000 gallons of petroleum contaminated water – Sampling – Backfill material – Closure paperwork
• Bioremediation = $26,000 US – Price cap guarantee – Work plan, UIC registration/closure, and report – AnoxEA in floor of excavation – One round of AMOR treatment
In Situ Application Study #2
$58 US per cubic yard for AMOR treatment
$306 US per cubic yard for excavation
– Weathered heating oil
• Silty clay vadose zone soil (DTW >35’) • Long-term release migrated under basement • Standard excavation/removal initially conducted • Replaced basement wall due to oil saturation • High concentrations under basement • Further excavation not possible
In Situ Application Study #3
In Situ Application Study #3
Res
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tial
Str
eet
House Basement
Excavation
AMOR Treatment
Soil Analysis (mg/kg) 11/21/12 10/5/13
% Reduction
TPH-Dx 40,600 13,300 67%
Ethylbenzene 3.54 0.386 89%
Total Xylenes 11.4 1.2 90%
Naphthalene 42.2 11.6 73%
Fluorene 19.1 7.6 60%
Phenanthrene 38.9 15.8 59%
– Injections 4-foot on center – Confirmation sampling at
+38 days following treatment
In Situ Application Study #3
Cost- $10,000
$64 US per cubic yard for AMOR treatment
– Weathered gasoline at active lake marina
• High organics silt and lake sediment fill • Depth to water 1.5 feet • Marina continued operations
In Situ Application Study #4
In Situ Application Study #4
Tot
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Concentration in µg/L (ppb)Shallow Monitoring Wells