New technologies applied for technological & operational safety of Chiren UGS and before its forthcoming extension by Dimitar K. Shterev, M.Sc. Storage of Natural Gas Dept. Bulgartransgaz EAD Chiren UGS Legend: Main gas pipeline Gas pipeline branch Transit gas pipeline Compressor station Gas reduction station CS Kardam 1 CS Kardam 2 CS Lozenetz CS Strandja Sevlievo Lovech Zlatna Panega Roman Botevgrad Elin Pelin Pleven Sofia Pernik Vratza Montana Russe Razgrad Isperih Kubrat Turgoviste Biala Levski Varna Dobrich Gen. Toshevo Burgas Debelt Iambol Sliven Rakovski Plovdiv Pazardjik Asenovgrad Parvomaj Stara Zagora Dimitrovgrad Haskovo CS Petrich ROMANIA SERBIA GREECE TURKEY CS Polski Senovetz CS Ihtiman Nova Zagora CS Provadia MACEDONIA CS Valchi dol International Gas Union, Working Committee Storage 2015-2018 Triennium, Amsterdam, March 21-24, 2016
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1
New technologies applied for technological & operational
safety of Chiren UGS and before its forthcoming extension
by
Dimitar K. Shterev, M.Sc.
Storage of Natural Gas Dept.
Bulgartransgaz EAD
Chiren UGS
Legend: Main gas pipeline Gas pipeline branch Transit gas pipeline Compressor station Gas reduction station
CS Kardam 1 CS Kardam 2
CS Lozenetz
CS Strandja
Sevlievo Lovech
Zlatna Panega
Roman
Botevgrad
Elin Pelin
Pleven
Sofia
Pernik
Vratza
Montana Russe
Razgrad
Isperih Kubrat
Turgoviste
Biala Levski
Varna
Dobrich
Gen. Toshevo
Burgas
Debelt Iambol
Sliven
Rakovski
Plovdiv Pazardjik
Asenovgrad
Parvomaj
Stara Zagora
Dimitrovgrad
Haskovo CS Petrich
ROMANIA
SERBIA
GREECE
TURKEY
CS Polski Senovetz
CS Ihtiman Nova Zagora
CS Provadia
MACEDONIA
CS Valchi dol
International Gas Union, Working Committee Storage
2015-2018 Triennium, Amsterdam, March 21-24, 2016
2 2
Chiren UGS
3
Geologic structure: over-trusted zone
Orientation: NW-SE
Length: 14.2 km
Width 5.7 km
Average depth to the gas reservoir: 1790 m
Average thickness of the pay zone: 150 m
Reservoir rocks: limestones, sandstones
Basic geologic information
4
Chiren UGS basic information:
Production from Chiren gas-condensate
field: 1965 – 1974
Initial pressure: 192 bar
Cyclical operation as UGS facility: since 1974 - continue
Number of injection-withdrawal wells: 23
/20 vertical + 3 deviated/
Working gas: 550 mcm
Max injection capacity: 3.6 mcm/d
Max withdrawal capacity: 4.3 mcm/d
5
In the beginning… 1997 – 1998…
Bulgartransgaz was a member of the Rock
Mechanic Consortium - Integrated PoroMechanics
Institute, Oklahoma University.
Findings:
- Reservoir (gas-bearing) rocks are fractured
limestones & sandstones;
- Vertical and sub-vertical fractures;
- Fracture orientation?;
- To work in insufficient data environment…
Additional studies should be undertaken !!!
6
Fracture study I:
objectives:
- to estimate and use the volumetric properties of the
gas storage reservoir in a best way;
Paleomagnetic orientation of fractures from core
material:
- to determine angular relationship between open
fractures and present-day in-situ stress directions;
- to determine orientation of open fractures;
- fractures may control the permeability anisotropy
of the reservoir rocks;
- to evaluate fracture density and fractures’
apertures vs. depth and lithology.
7
Evaluation of fractures’ directions from paleomagnetically oriented core
Paleomagnetically oriented
core provides key reservoir
anisotropy information
Knowledge of reservoir
anisotropy caused by
fractures; drilling new high
production inj./w
ith. wells;
Changes in structural dip can
initiate fluid migration and
control reservoir drainage
patterns.
APPLIED PALEOMAGNETICS, INC. Santa Cruz, California
To draw up a
successful drilling
plan;
To determine the
orientation of open
natural fractures prior
to drilling;
To establish the
direction of present-
day in-situ stress;
To determine whether
the present-day in-situ
stress will hold natural
fractures open during
UGS operation ;
Predict orientation of
hydraulic fractures.
8
Estimation of angular
relationship between
present-day in-situ
stress
&
open fractures
directions
(from core material)
APPLIED PALEOMAGNETICS, INC.,Santa Cruz, California
9
40°
Wyoming, USA
Chiren UGS, Bulgaria
from APPLIED
PALEOMAGNETICS, Inc.,
Santa Cruz, California
Fracture permeability in Chiren UGS revealed a remarkable similarity to
fracture permeability at Little Sand Draw Field, Wyoming, USA.
10
Results from the paleomagnetically
oriented core material: - The present-day in-situ stress direction is: W 880 E
- The most open and vuggy natural fractures striking on
average N 690 E, which is within 190 of the present-day in-
situ stress direction (880 – 690 = 190);
- Those fractures that strike perpendicular to present-day in-
situ stress are completely healed (closed);
11
Pliensbachian
Lower
Triassic Hettangian -
Sinemurian
Middle – Upper
Triassic
+300 m
-300
0
-600
-900
-1200
-1500
-1800
+300
m
-300
0
-600
-900
-
1200
-
1500
-
1800
Hauterivian -
Barremian
Upper Jurassic -
Valangian
Dogger Toarcian
Aptian + Neogene
Drilling of deviated injection-withdrawal wells using
Measurements While Drilling (MWD) equipment
12
DUAL POROSITY – DUAL PERMEABILITY
RESERVOIR SIMULATION
13
Reservoir simulation objectives:
- Assessment of the INITIAL GAS in PLACE of the gas–
condensate field;
- Optimizing of wells’ injection & withdrawal regimes according
to the seasonal gas demands;
- Monitoring and prediction of Gas-Water-Contacts both in
matrix and fractures;
- Periodical assessment of possible gas losses (Technical
Losses Monitoring);
- Assessment of CUSHION and WORKING GAS for possible
extension of the UGS at new bigger levels.
14
Structural maps of the gas-bearing horizons
used for the reservoir modelling
from GeoFrame
15 15
16 16
17
History matching by wells in different regions
(tectonic blocks) of the gas storage reservoir
from Eclipse
18
from Eclipse
History matching by wells
19
Reservoir simulation at a pressure of 150 bars
Gas saturation in fractures – Capabilities of
the geologic structure:
from Eclipse
Reservoir pressure up to 150 bars
Total gas – 1.8 bcm
20
Implementation of specialized well-logging
measurements
Objectives:
- Fracture study II - (type, orientation, density & aperture);
- Wells’ technical status assessments;
- Wells’ injectivity parameters;
- Petrophysical analysis.
21
2½” 5¾” 85/8"
6 m
1806
101.15 m
1638.72
artificial
bottom hole
1921 m
1715
1921
1792
1774
1751
1735
11¾” 16¾”
1661.14
1359.92 m
* 1118.5
1132 *
**1417.5
1431
pe
rfora
tion
packer
cracks in
the casing
co
rros
ion
cement
box
1452
Evaluation of wells’ technical status
• Gas leakage behind casing • Well completion
from RST, GRIT
22
• Channeling in cement
• Tracking out of gas migration using
Krypton 85 as a radio-tracer
• Cement bonds status evaluation
Assessment of the wells’
technical status
• Casing
deformations
from GRIT, USIT, RST, PMIT
23
Fracture study - results from FMA loggings in deviated
well
3D view from logging tools: FMI , UBI, HALS
24
Specialized well-logging measurements in the newly-dilled
deviated wells
/fracture orientation, porosity, aperture and density/
3-D view from FMI
25
Juxtaposition of open
fractures registered by
well-logging
measurements
with
fracture study of a core
material taken from the
same depth
26
(Petrophysical analysis
vs. gas saturation)
Composite display form
well-loggings made in
newly-drilled deviated well
from GeoFrame, ELANPlus
27
New surface facilities modules installed
in Chiren UGS
28 28
Separation of the liquid phase unit (condensate from water)
29
Compressor’s oil filtering unit
30 30
Individual separation of wells
31 31
Manifold
32
Gas dehydration unit
33
Gas metering ultrasonic unit
34
System for automated control data monitoring and archiving
Oil filtering unit
Gas dehydration
Power supply
0,4 – 20 kV
Individual
separation
New manifold
Compressor
workshop
Dispatching
hall Wells’ telemetry
Dispatching system
WPS32
SCADA Honeywell EXPERION
35
Scheme of wells’ telemetry system
EXPERION SCADA
in Chiren UGS
Server in Chiren UGS
Working station
Working station in Sofia’s Headquarter
150 МНz 2,4 GНz
36
Extension of Chiren UGS – to increase storage capacity
- Active gas volume – from 550 to 1000 mcm;
- Daily capacity – from 4.25 to 10.00 mcm/d;
- Drilling of 12 new deviated inj./with wells (2
observation wells will);
- New compressors;
- Additional manifold unit;
- Additional individual separation units;
- New dehydration unit;
- New linking gas flow-lines and new metering units.