New Techniques of wastewater Management

By

Ravish Kumar1EW09CV053

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Nagraj Gupta MSAssociate Professor

Dept. of Civil EngineeringEast West Institute of Technology

Bangalore-560091

New Techniques of wastewater Management

What is wastewater management?Wastewater management is the process by

which all waste water (waste from showers, toilets, sinks, both residential and most commercial) is treated and returned back to a receiving stream for reuse.

Source of wastewater

Home agricultural Industrial

MethodlogyIon ExchangeReverse osmosisDistillationElectro Coagulation

Ion exchangeIon exchange is an exchange of ions between

two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex.

It is used to denote the processes of purification, separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or mineralic 'ion exchangers'.

Electrocoagulation: New method in wastewater treatmentElectrocoagulation is an advanced and

economical water treatment technology. It effectively removes suspended solids to sub-micrometre levels

Electrocoagulation is the process of destabilizing suspended, emulsified, or dissolved contaminants in an aqueous medium by introducing an electrical current into the medium.

Requirements of EC EC reactor is made up of an electrolytic cell

with one anode and one cathode. EC system essentially consists of pairs of conductive metal plates in parallel, which act as monopolar electrodes. It also required sacrificial anodes. The requirements to operate EC are

a. Direct current power sourceb. Resistance Boxc. Multimeter

Schematic Diagram

EC setup

Working

AdvantagesRemoves suspended and colloidal solidsBreaks oil emulsions in waterRemoves fats, oil, and greaseRemoves complex organicsDestroys and removes bacteria, viruses and

cystsColor removal up to 95%BOD removal > 60%COD removal > 70%

BenefitsSupplied as a skid mounted unit, fully

assembled for inlet/outlet and backwash connections

Low operating costsLow power requirementsMinimal chemical additionsLow maintenance

DisadvantagesThe ‘sacrificial electrodes’ are dissolved into

wastewater streams as a result of oxidation, and need to be     regularly replaced.

The use of electricity may be expensive in many places.

High conductivity of the wastewater suspension is required.

Applications

Ground Water Cleanup

Surface Water Cleanup

Sewage Treatment

Reclamation and Reuse of treated waterIrrigationIndustrial useRecreational usesGroundwater rechargePotable reuse

Reverse osmosisReverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification

technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove larger particles from drinking water.

Reverse osmosis can remove many types of molecules and ions from solutions, including bacteria, and is used in both industrial processes and the production of potable water.

Schematic Diagram RO

DistillationDistillation is a chemical process where a

mixture made of two or more liquids (called "components") with different boiling points can be separated from each other.

Distillation is a unit operation of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation process and not a chemical reaction.

Schematic Diagram Distillation

ReferenceMetcalf; Eddy (1972). Wastewater

Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Kemmer, Frank N. (1979). The Nalco Water Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Hammer, Mark J. (1975). Water and Waste-Water Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.