New species of Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia) from Northeast Region, Brazil

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 4007 (1): 113–120

www.mapress.com/zootaxa/Article

http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4007.1.8

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C9C3AF24-1900-4183-83B7-A31871544BDF

New species of Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia) from Northeast

Region, Brazil

ALBANE VILARINO1 & ADOLFO R. CALOR2

Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, PPG Diversidade Animal, Laboratório de Entomo-

logia Aquática - LEAq. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, campus Ondina, Ondina, CEP 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Three new species of Polycentropodidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Northeast Region of Brazil are diagnosed, de-

scribed, and illustrated. Polycentropus brevicornutus n. sp. of the Polycentropus gertschi Group can be diagnosed mainly

by its much reduced, almost vestigial intermediate appendages, and by the inferior appendages, which are deltoid and very

linear in lateral aspect. The two new species of Polyplectropus are P. anchorus n. sp. and P. auriplicatus n. sp. in the P.

annulicornis and P. bredini Groups, respectively. Polyplectropus anchorus n. sp. is very similar to P. annulicornis Ulmer

1905, but can be distinguished from its congener mainly by the endothecal spines without setae and with their apices di-

rected dorsolaterad. Polyplectropus auriplicatus n. sp. resembles P. brasilensis but can be distinguished mainly by the

shorter and deltoid intermediate appendages, the straighter dorsolateral processes of the preanal appendages, and the in-

ferior appendages each with its mesoventral branch more developed and rounded.

Key words: adults, caddisflies, Neotropics, Polyplectropus, Polycentropus, taxonomy

Introduction

Polycentropodidae (Ulmer 1903) is a cosmopolitan family comprising approximately 775 described species in 14

genera (Johanson et al. 2012). Two genera in the family (Eodipseudopsis (Marlier 1959) and Tasmanoplegas

(Neboiss 1977)) have doubtful status (Oláh & Johanson 2010; Chamorro & Holzenthal 2011). Polycentropus

(Curtis 1835), with approximately 200 species (Johanson et al. 2012), and Polyplectropus (Ulmer 1905), with

almost 260 species (Chamorro & Holzenthal 2010), are the largest genera within the family, occurring in all

biogeographical regions. Recent phylogenies for the family with morphological (Chamorro & Holzenthal 2011)

and molecular data (Johanson et al. 2012) have questioned the monophyly of both genera. Otherwise, the

Polycentropus gertschi Group (sensu Hamilton 1986), which includes most of the Neotropical species of the genus,

is presented as monophyletic (Hamilton 1986; Hamilton 1987; Johanson et al. 2012), and the New World

Polyplectropus clade is also well supported (Chamorro & Holzenthal 2010).

Approximately 50% of the species in these genera have Neotropical distribution. Polycentropus comprises 102

Neotropical species, 25 of them belonging to the Brazilian fauna (Hamilton & Holzenthal 2011), and

Polyplectropus comprises 92 species, 25 of them occurring in Brazil (Chamorro & Holzenthal 2010).

In this paper, we describe three new species: Polycentropus brevicornutus, belonging to the Polycentropus

gertschi Group, Polycentropus jorgenseni species complex; and Polyplectropus anchorus and Polyplectropus

auriplicatus in the P. annulicornis and P. bredini Groups, respectively.

Material and methods

The adults were collected using UV light pan traps (Calor & Mariano 2012), UV and white lights placed in front of

a white cloth, and Malaise traps. The specimens collected by Malaise and pan traps were preserved in 80% ethanol.

Accepted by J. Morse: 27 Jul. 2015; published: 26 Aug. 2015 113

To facilitate observation of the internal structures, the genitalia of the specimens were clarified in a heated solution

of lactic acid (Blahnik et al. 2007) or 10% potassium hydroxide (Holzenthal & Andersen 2004). The prepared

genitalia were transferred to a micro vial with glycerin. The genitalia were examined under optical microscopy at

100X magnification. The structures were traced in pencil using a camera lucida (drawing tube) mounted on the

microscope. The pencil sketches were scanned for use as templates and digitalized with Adobe® Illustrator® CS5.

The morphological terminology used in this study follows that of Chamorro & Holzenthal (2010) and Hamilton &

Holzenthal (2011). Paired structures are referred to in the singular in diagnoses and descriptions for simplicity.

The type specimens have been deposited in the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo State,

Brazil (MZUSP), Collection of Aquatic Insects, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia

State, Brazil (UFBA), and University of Minnesota Insect Collection, Minnesota, USA (UMSP), as indicated in the

species descriptions.

Family Polycentropodidae Ulmer 1903

Polycentropus Curtis 1835

Polycentropus brevicornutus new species

Fig. 1A–F

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other congeners by the much reduced, almost vestigial

intermediate appendage (smaller than the mesolateral and mesoventral processes of the preanal appendage) and by

the deltoid inferior appendage with a highly linear lateral aspect. The endothecal sclerotic band has a hooked

process, in lateral view similar to that of Polycentropus tripui Hamilton & Holzenthal 2011, but in dorsal aspect it

is narrow in the new species. In addition, the phallotheca is longer and the phallobase is larger.

Description. Male. Length of forewing 5.5–5.8 mm, n=3. Color (in alcohol) of head, thorax, and legs nearly

uniformly dark brown. Wings lightly pigmented on M bifurcation and on transversal veins r-m, m, and m-cu.

Genitalia. Sternum IX in lateral view subdeltoid, approximately 2/3 height of segment VIII, anterior margin

rounded; in ventral view quadrate, anterior corners broadly rounded, anterior margin shallowly concave, posterior

margin shallowly concave. Terga IX + X membranous. Intermediate appendage very reduced, shorter than

mesoventral process of preanal appendage, lanceolate. Preanal appendage bipartite, with mesolateral, and

mesoventral process; mesolateral process short, broad in lateral aspect, apically rounded, broadly joined to its

corresponding mesoventral process basally; mesoventral process directed caudad, approximately 2/3 as long as

mesolateral process, apically truncate in dorsal aspect. Inferior appendage bipartite apically, with dorsolateral

branch and apicoventral point, and with anterior basal plate extending anterad about 1/3 length of sternum IX; in

lateral view moderately short, elongate, deltoid, broad basally, narrowing to acute apex, dorsal margin almost

linear, ventral margin rounded; dorsolateral branch subacute in lateral aspect; apicoventral point deltoid, acute,

positioned on basal portion medially; in ventral view, inferior appendage broad basally, slightly inflated medially,

tapering and curved posteromesad apically, with apicoventral point prominent, acute, heavily setose. Phallobase

moderately short; in lateral view, apicoventral projection narrow, slightly longer than apical diameter of phallobase

apex, with 1 point; endothecal sclerotic band narrow, ending in hooked dorsal process, apically tapered, strongly

sclerotized, and medially divided, tied to broader basal portion; endothecal spines absent; phallotremal sclerite

indistinct. Subphallic sclerite indistinct.

Holotype male (alcohol) (MZUSP): BRAZIL: Bahia: Elísio Medrado, Reserva Jequitibá, GAMBA, Córrego

Caranguejo, 12º52’12.7’’S, 39º28’32.4’’W, el. 519 m, 28.iii.2012, UV light pan trap, Calor A.R., Quinteiro F.B.,

Duarte T., Garcia I.

Paratypes: BRAZIL: Bahia: Varzedo, RPPN Guariru, 12º51’33.1’’S, 39º28’00.9’’W, el. 524 m, 07.ii.2014,

UV light pan trap, Calor A.R., Vilarino A., 1 male (alcohol) (UFBA); Santa Teresinha, Pedra Branca, Córrego das

torres, 12º51’02.5’’S, 39º28’80.5’’W, el. 687 m, 06.x.2010, light, Calor A.R., França D., Quinteiro F.B., 1 male

(alcohol) (UMSP).

Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective brevis, -is, -e, short, and adjective cornutus,

-a, -um, horned, referring to the short intermediate appendage.

VILARINO & CALOR114 · Zootaxa 4007 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

FIGURE 1. Polycentropus brevicornutus n. sp. male genitalia: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C, phallus, dorsal; D, phallus, left lateral; E, caudal; F, ventral (Abbreviations: inf. app. = inferior appendage; int. app. = intermediate appendage; p. pr. app. = process of preanal appendage).

Zootaxa 4007 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 115NEW BRAZILIAN POLYCENTROPODIDAE SPP.

Remarks. Although the subphallic sclerite could not be observed, this species presents all other characteristics

that define the P. gertschi Group and also presents the dorsal sclerotized band in the endothecal membrane that

places Polycentropus brevicornutus in the Polycentropus jorgenseni Species Complex (Hamilton 1986). The much

reduced intermediate appendage of this species suggests a relationship with the Brazilian species described by

Hamilton & Holzenthal (2011) that lack this appendage (Polycentropus amphirhamphus Hamilton & Holzenthal

2011, P. cachoeira Hamilton & Holzenthal 2011, P. inusitatus Hsu & Chen 1996, P. paprockii Hamilton &

Holzenthal 2011, P. rosalysae Hamilton & Holzenthal 2011); however, we could not determine to which species

Polycentropus brevicornutus is most closely related.

Polyplectropus Ulmer 1905

Polyplectropus anchorus new species

Fig. 2A–F

Diagnosis. This species is very similar to Polyplectropus annulicornis Ulmer 1905. The new species can be

distinguished from P. annulicornis by a mesoventral branch of the inferior appendage with its apex acute, upturned

(rounded in P. annulicornis), without a medial projection (present in P. annulicornis), and by the endothecal spines

without setae and with their apices directed dorsolaterad (whereas setae and apices are directed ventromesad in P.

annulicornis).

Description. Male. Length of forewing 4.3–4.9 mm, n=8. Color (in alcohol) of head, thorax, and legs brown;

wings lightly pigmented on M bifurcation, on transversal veins r-m, m, and m-cu and on Cu1 bifurcation with the

lightly pigmented region extending until the end of A1.

Genitalia. Sternum IX in lateral view deltoid, anterior margin submedially produced, posterior margin entire;

in ventral view subrectangular, anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex. Terga IX+X membranous,

oblong, bearing dorsal microsetae. Intermediate appendage not longer than inferior appendage, digitate, with apical

setae; in dorsal view digitate, apex narrowing and directed laterad; in caudal view digitate, curved, directed

ventrolaterad. Preanal appendage tripartite, with dorsolateral, mesolateral, and mesoventral processes; dorsolateral

process elongate, originating from dorsum of mesolateral process, directed anterodorsad, then recurved posterad,

tapering posteromesally into acute apex, slightly expanded subapically; mesolateral process setose, in dorsal view

oblong, in lateral view deltoid; mesoventral process setose, in lateral view hook-like, dorsally produced into deltoid

lobe, with ventrad-directed sclerotized ventral apex, ventral margin sinuate, bearing setae, posterior margin

truncate; in caudal view, mesoventral processes separated, with dorsal digitate lobe and with ventral margin acute.

Inferior appendage bipartite, with dorsolateral branch and mesoventral branch, and with anterior basal plate

extending anterad about half length of sternum IX, basal plate anteriorly bilobed in ventral aspect; dorsolateral

branch setose, in lateral view oblong, apex truncate; in ventral view broad, lateral margin subapically produced,

undulate, posterior margin undulate, mesal margin slightly undulate, apically rounded to subtruncate, basally

expanding posterad into mesoventral branch; mesoventral branch setose, elongate, bearing stout setae basally, in

lateral view digitate, narrowing distally, apex upturned, acute; in ventral view digitate, posteromesal margin entire,

gradually diverging laterad. Phallus long; dorsal phallic sclerite in lateral view sinuate, apex oblong; apex of dorsal

phallic sclerite in dorsal view rounded; endothecal membrane with 2 stout, medium-sized, sclerotized spines, with

their apices directed dorsolaterad.

Holotype male (alcohol) (MZUSP): BRAZIL: Bahia: Varzedo, Fazenda Baixa Grande, Riacho Cai Camarão,

12º57’38.7’’S, 39º26’54.2’’W, el. 254 m, 24.x.2012, UV light pan trap, Gomes V., Campos R.

Paratypes: BRAZIL: Bahia: same data as holotype, 5 males (alcohol) (UFBA, UMSP); Elísio Medrado,

Reserva Jequitibá, GAMBA, Córrego Caranguejo, 12º52’12.7’’S, 39º28’32.4’’W, el. 510 m, 22.x.2012, UV light

pan trap, Gomes V., Vilarino A., Campos R., 2 males (alcohol) (UFBA).

Etymology. The species epithet is from the Latin adjective anchorus, anchored, or having the nature of an

anchor, in reference to the endothecal spines that in dorsal view resemble a boat anchor.

Remarks. Belonging to the Polyplectropus annulicornis Species Group as defined by Chamorro & Holzenthal

(2010), this species seems to be a mix of P. annulicornis (preanal appendage and intermediate appendage very

similar) and P. alatespinus Chamorro & Holzenthal 2010 (inferior appendage very similar).


FIGURE 2. Polyplectropus anchorus n. sp. male genitalia: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C, phallus, dorsal; D, phallus, left lateral; E, caudal; F, ventral (Abbreviations: inf. app. = inferior appendage; int. app. = intermediate appendage; p. pr. app. = process of preanal appendage).


FIGURE 3. Polycentropus auriplicatus n. sp. Male genitalia: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C, phallus, dorsal; D, phallus, left lateral; E, caudal; F, ventral (Abbreviations: inf. app. = inferior appendage; int. app. = intermediate appendage; p. pr. app. = process of preanal appendage).


arc

Cross-Out

arc

Callout

Polyplectropus auriplicatus

Polyplectropus auriplicatus new species

Fig. 3A–F

Diagnosis. This species resembles Polyplectropus brasilensis Chamorro & Holzenthal 2010. The new species can

be differentiated by the shorter and deltoid intermediate appendage (whereas it is longer than the inferior

appendage and cylindrical in P. brasilensis), the preanal appendage with dorsolateral process nearly straight and

positioned mesally (strongly curved in caudal view and less mesal in P. brasilensis), ventromesal processes slightly

separated throughout their full length, (fused basomesally in P. brasilensis), and inferior appendage with

mesoventral branch more developed and rounded apically (almost continuous with dorsolateral branch and truncate

in P. brasilensis).

Description. Male. Length of forewing 4.8–4.9 mm, n=3. Color (in alcohol) of head, thorax, and legs light

brown; wings overall pale.

Genitalia. Sternum IX in lateral view deltoid, anterior margin sinuate, posterior margin medially produced and

slightly concave ventrally; in ventral view subrectangular, anterior margin convex and entire, posterior margin with

median flange and pair of deep submedial concavities. Terga IX+X membranous, oblong, bearing dorsal

microsetae. Intermediate appendage not longer than inferior appendage, reniform in lateral aspect, with pair of long

apicolateral setae; in dorsal view deltoid, folded; in caudal view digitate, with rounded lobe projected

posteroventrad. Preanal appendage tripartite, with dorsolateral, mesolateral, and mesoventral processes;

dorsolateral process elongate, originating from dorsum of mesolateral process, initially directed anterodorsad, then

recurved posteromesad, tapering mesally into acute apex, straight to slightly sinuate in caudal view; mesolateral

process setose, in dorsal view deltoid, in lateral view quadrate; mesoventral process setose, in lateral view hook-

like, directed ventrad, ventral margin concave, posterior margin sinuate; in caudal view, mesoventral processes

broadly meeting medially, but not fused, slightly separated; ventral margin of process subacute, with ventral apex

bearing many stout, peg-like setae. Inferior appendage bipartite, with dorsolateral branch and mesoventral branch,

with anterior basal plate extending anterad about half length of sternum IX; dorsolateral branch setose, in lateral

view oblong, apically rounded; in ventral view broad, lateral margin convex, undulate, apex rounded, broadly fused

to mesoventral branch with shallow concavity on posterior margin between them; mesoventral branch setose,

elongate and broad, bearing robust spines apically; in lateral view deltoid, projecting posterad, rounded apically; in

ventral view deltoid, apical margin slightly angled, gradually converging mesally. Phallus long; dorsal phallic

sclerite elongate in lateral view, apically round in dorsal view; apicolateral projection of phallobase tapered

apically in dorsal view; endothecal membrane without embedded spines.

Holotype male (alcohol) (MZUSP). BRAZIL: Bahia: Santa Teresinha, Pedra Branca, Córrego das torres,

12º51’00.3’’S, 39º28’46.8’’W, el. 754 m, 23.x.2012, UV light pan trap, Gomes, V., Vilarino, A., Campos, R.

Paratypes: BRAZIL: Bahia: Same as holotype, except 04.ii.2010, Calor, A.R., Dias, E.S., 1 male (alcohol)

(UMSP); Elísio Medrado, Reserva Jequitibá, GAMBA, Córrego Caranguejo, 12º52’127’’S, 39º28’324’’W, el. 510

m, 25.x.2012, UV light pan trap, Vilarino A., 1 male (alcohol) (UFBA).

Etymology. From the Latin feminine noun auris, ear, small lobe, and adjective plicatus, -a, -um, folded, in

reference to the shape of the intermediate appendages.

Remarks. Belonging to the Polyplectropus bredini Species Group as defined by Chamorro & Holzenthal

(2010), the new species is very close to P. brasilensis.

Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely grateful to the late Sra. Maria Teresa Stradmann (in memoriam), Sr. Getúlio Rodrigues

Leal, and Sr. Flavio Pantaroto for assistance in the field and for the preservation of their forest reserves in the Serra

da Jibóia Mountains. We also thank the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) for issuing

collecting permits. This work was supported by a Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB)

grant (process 5716/2009), and by a National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) grant

(processes 473703/2010-6; 552525/2010-3). AV and ARC thank FAPESB (process 1384/2013) and CNPq (process

243238/2014) for fellowships, respectively. We are grateful to the staff of the Brazilian Biodiversity Research

Programme on Semiarid region (PPBio Semiárido CNPq/MCTi, process 457471/2012-3) for logistic support,


especially Dr. Freddy Bravo (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana). We are grateful to an anonymous

reviewer and Dr. John Morse for detailed valuable comments and suggestions.

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New species of Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera: Annulipalpia) from Northeast Region, Brazil

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