Semantic Web: Past, Present, Future Ying Ding SLIS, IU
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Semantic Web: Past, Present, Future
Ying DingSLIS, IU
What is the Semantic Web?
3
“An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”
Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p
“…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…” with far-reaching consequences“The next generation of the Web”
What is the Semantic Web?Scientific American Article 2001
Semantic Web
Tim Berners-Lee has a vision of a Semantic Web which has
machine-understandable semantics of its information, and millions of (small) specialized reasoning services that provide support in automated task achievement based on the accessible information
5
The Semantic Web in EssenceThe word “semantic” stands for “the meaning of”:
The Beatles were a popular band from Liverpool;Lennon was a member of the Beatles;"We Can Work It Out" was recorded by the Beatles
The Semantic Web is a Web extension that is able to describe things and their properties and interrelations in a way that computers can process
Metadata and Semantics
OntologyThe Semantic Web is essentially based on ontologies
ontologiesontologies are formal formal and consensualconsensualspecifications of conceptualizations
providing a shared and commonshared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated across people and application systems
A Very Simple Ontology
Ontologies describe concepts and their relations.Exercise: Describe earlier text about the Beatles using any kind of (graphical or symbolic) ontology.
Device Personowns
Audio-Device
is-a
has VolumeControl
Graphical (Directed Labeled Graph): Symbolic (triples):
Person owns Device
Audio-Device is-a Device
Audio-Device has VolumeControl
Semantic Web - Language Layeringhttp://w
ww
.w3.org/2007/03/layerC
ake.png
What is the Semantic Web for?
Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data and service integrationSearching - providing better communication between humans and computers by adding machine-processable semantics to data.
Semantic IntegrationBottom-up approach: Building different domain ontologies for better data integration and communication within those domains:
PapiNet.org: Vocabulary for Paper Industry
BPMI.org: Vocabulary for exchanging Business Process Models
XML-HR: Vocabularies for Human Resources (HR)
DMTF: Distributed Management Task Force: Vocabularies for managing enterprises
Semantic Integration
Plumbing (networking: tcp/ip, corba, rmi, http, soap)
Semantic Integration
CRM Marketing Sales
Hardware
Software
Syntax
Semantics
Semantic Differences: Example
Person
P# 76798Name de BruijnFName JosDName Jos de BruijnBDate 1979-06-23LSale 2001-04-07
Customer
CustNr 43526Name Jos DebruijnSurname DebruijnInitials JBDate 1979-06-23
Marketing Sales
?
Syntax Semantics
distinct equivalentequivalent distinctequivalent equivalentdistinct distinct
1.2.3.4.
Information Integration Patterns (1): Ad Hoc Integration
Sales
Marketing
App5App4
CRM
O(n2)
Information Integration Patterns (2): Global Integration
CRM
Marketing
App5App4
Sales
GlobalModel
O(n)
Not a silver bullet!
Comm. Techn.Office 24
Office Supplies 11
Office Supplies(other) 05
Writing paper 34
Paper, film 14
Printer paper 3
15
Printing & writingpaper
Paper Materials &Products 14
Paper products 11
Writing Paper
Personal PaperProducts 17
Paper Towels 5Operating/cleaning
equipment 30
House office sanit.cleaner 03
Cleaning material 020
Semi finishedmaterials 35
Paper materials 10
Office Equipment
Office Supplies
Desk Supplies
Staples
44
12
16
1
Raw materials
Paper Pulp 0
15
Ecl@ss UNSPSC, UCEC
Exercise
Semantic Searching
Semantic Searching
Semantic Web: Past
WWW – Web 1.0
The Earlier(Syntactic / Structural) Web
Was the Web Meant to be More?
How to RealizeTim Berners-Lee’s Vision
Another chance for“Artificial Intelligence (AI)”?
Knowledge Representation(representing semantics)Logic Programming (reasoning semantics)
Decisions about background logics forSemantic Web languages:
RDF: Logic formalized by Patrick HayesOWL: Description Logic
DARPA + EU = DAML+OIL (in 2001)
RIF (BLD): Horn Logic plus F-logic syntax
Semantic Web: Present
Social Web – Web 2.0The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly:
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0“Web 2.0 … has … come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of architecture and application development for the World Wide Web.”
The Web where “ordinary” users can meet, collaborate, and share using social software applications on the Web (tagged content, social bookmarking, AJAX, etc.)Popular examples include:
Bebo, del.icio.us, digg, Flickr, Google Maps, Skype, Technorati, orkut, 43 Things, Wikipedia, …
Social Networks
A Move from the Web to a “Social Web”
Features / Principles ofWeb 2.0
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
1. The Web as platform2. Harnessing collective intelligence3. Data is the next “Intel Inside”4. Rich user experience
Web 2.0 Meme Cloud
W3C SWEO Linking Open Data Project
Project aims toPublish existing open license datasets as linked data on the WebInterlink things between different data sourcesDevelop clients and applications that consume linked data from the Web
Bubbles in May 2007
Over 500M RDF triples (e.g., in DBpedia: dp:Galway dp:population 72K)
Around 120K RDF links between data sources(e.g., links accessing DBpedia from Musicbrainz)
Bubbles in April 2008
>2B RDF triples
Around 3M RDF links
Bubbles in July 2009>4.7B RDF triples
Around 142M RDF links
Bio Bubbles
Power of Linked Data
ying foaf:Personrdf:type
Ying Ding
foaf:name
Stefan
foaf:knows
dp:Galway
72Kdp:population
dp:Cities_in_Ireland
skos:subjectdp:Dublin
foaf:based_near
skos:subject
dblp:publications
foaf:publication
What Can LOD Bring?It will lift current document Web to a data WebLOD browsers can let you navigate between different data sources by following RDF linksIt can drill down to lower-granularity levels of the information
allowing you for more fine-grained search on the Webmaking question-answering search on the Web possiblemeshing up different data through RDF linksMaking ‘built-on-top’ applications easier
DBTune:Music-related Structured Data
http://dbtune.org
Industry Pick-up
Industry Pick-up
Semantic Technology Conferences –The major industrial series in theSemantic Web area
http://www.semantic-conference.com/Attendance includes major IT giants(Google, Yahoo, IBM, Oracle, Intel, Vulcan)
Radar Networks Company raised $18M to implement semantics
Twine (a collective semantic knowledge space): http://www.twine.com/
Semantic Web: Future
Metaweb ≡ Social Semantic Information Spaces
1+1>2Semantic forumsSemantic blogsSemantic wikisSemantic social netsSemantic desktop
Semantic Web +Social Software
Document Web vs. Data WebDocument Web
Glued by hyperlinksData are HTML pagesQuery result is HTML pages, which cannot be further processedData are just interlinked, but not integratedData access through different APIs
Data WebGlued by RDF linksData are RDF triplesQuery result is RDF triples which can be easily further processed (e.g., Web services)Data are interlinked and integrated, and links are typedData access through a single and standardized access mechanism (maybe it will be called LOD API in the future?)
Social Web + Semantic Web Next Generation Web
Document Web Data Web Service Web
Will Google 2.0 be Semantic?
Google could be superseded, says Web inventor:
TimesOnline: http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3532832.ece
Google 2.0 embraces the Semantic WebGovernment Computer News: http://www.gcn.com/online/vol1_no1/44290-1.html#
Related Documents
