New Research Paper Final

7/24/2019 New Research Paper Final

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Research Title

FALLING

WATER

ELECTRIC

GENERATOR

Researchers

Bayot, Frans Radi Benedict Lauron, Anagen Eve Nuez, Danielle Gayle

Salimagat, !ichael Saul, "ames #hyle Bucay, $hrisel Nia

!oya, Emmanuel


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Ac%no&ledgment

The study aimed to use water as a sufficient supply of electricity that can charge cellphones.

Nevertheless, this study wouldnt be possible without the everlasting love, care and

assistance from the researchers family, who supported them in the procurement of the much

needed logistics and references, cultivated and propagated the Falling Water Electric Generator,

and uplifted the researchers emotions when they taen bac with discouragements.

The researchers would never forget to acnowledge !s. !a. Tresica ". #ilvederio who

e$tended her invaluable time, giving her words of encouragement and patience in e$plaining the

whole course of the research.

Furthermore, the researchers would lie to than their classmates for the shared information

during casual tals and discussions.

!ost of all, the researchers would lie to than God, our Father, the source of all strengths

and wisdom for without %is unfaltering love and guidance this study would never be reali&ed.


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1

'ABLE (F $(N'EN'S

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________

Title 'age

(cnowledgment

Table of "ontents ................................................................................................................... ) * +

ist of Figures............................................................................................................................. -

ist of Tables ..............................................................................................................................

(bstract ....................................................................................................................................... /

"hapter 0ne 1ntroduction

).) 1ntroduction ............................................................................................................ 2

).+ #tatement of the 'roblem ....................................................................................... 3

).- Formulation of %ypothesis....................................................................................... 3

). #ignificance of the #tudy .................................................................................. 3 * 4

)./ #cope and 5elimitations.......................................................................................... 4

"hapter Two 6eview of 6elated #tudies

+.) 6eview of 6elated #tudies ................................................................................. 7 * ))

"hapter Three !ethodology

-.) !aterials ................................................................................................................. )+

-.+ 'rocedure ......................................................................................................... )- * )/


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"hapter Four 6esults and 5iscussion

.) 5ata and 6esults................................................................................................ )2* )4

.+ 5iscussion 8........................................................................................................... )7

"hapter Five "onclusion and 6ecommendations

/.) "onclusions ............................................................................................................. +9

/.+ 6ecommendation ............................................................................................. +9 * +)

:ibliography ........................................................................................................................ +) * ++


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List o) Figures

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________

Fig. ) !aterials ............................................................................................................................ )+

Fig. + (ttaching the #poons ........................................................................................................ )-

Fig. - 5rilling the 'lastic :ottle 8.............................................................................................. )

Fig. 5rying up the #et*up 8..................................................................................................... )/

Fig. / Testing the #et*up ............................................................................................................. )/

Fig. 2 ;oltage of Trial )*"


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L+S' (F 'ABLES______________________________________________________________________________

_____________

Table). 5ata Gathered From the Faucet ........................................................................ )3

Table+. 5ata Gathered From the Faucet ........................................................................ )4


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ABS'RA$'

(ncient times, people used a simple machine called water wheel to produce a specific

motion using the movement of the water in the rivers or any other source. The water wheel is

located below a source of falling water. 1t captures the water in plates that is normal to the wheel?

the water hits the plates causing the wheel to turn. 'eople want power to heat, light their homes

and to run machines.

The researchers thought and searched for alternative sources of energy. They made a

hydroelectric generator out of indigenous materials and tried if it can charge a phone. They tried

it using water from the faucet where the turbine concentrating to the faucet. When the faucet

turned on, the turbine turned but the energy produce is not enough to charge the phone but when

they partially covered -= of opening of the faucet, the speed of water became faster than before

so does the turbine too. When they observed the phone, it charged for )@ in - minutes and 3

seconds on the first trial while on the second trial is + minutes and )- seconds. They compared

their data gathered from charger that is connected from common outlet and the result is ) minute

and )2 seconds.

This study proves that even you are using your water in your house? it can generate energy

that can lessen your electric bills and can recycle water. 1t does not produce atmospheric

pollutants and does not generate greenhouse gases.


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$A-'ER +

+N'R(D.$'+(N

%ydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower? the production

of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. ( power

source is used to turn a propeller*lie piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in

an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. Hydroelectric power

reservoirs store water that can be use in a number of ways not only on producing

electricity but also in water supply, ood control and etc !he reservoir acts much

li"e a battery, storing power in the form of water when demands are low and

producing ma#imum power during daily and seasonal pea" periods !odern hydro

turbines can convert more than 79 percent of available energy into electricity, maing it the most

efficient generation source.

1smail #eragildin once said AThe wars of the twenty*first century will be

fought on watersB and as +)stcentury learners, we are looing forward to e$ploit water that we

are using for our daily living and utili&e every hour in fighting against electricity crisis. :y

means of this proCect, we can lift our country from deficiency of electricity. The researchers

conducted this study because our country has an ample amount of water but has insufficient

amount of electricity. #o, the researchers figured out in maing hydroelectric generator and use

recycled materials that can be seen anywhere or inside the house to mae it more affordable.


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$

S'A'E!EN' (F 'E -R(BLE!

%ydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower? the

production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling water.

"ommon hydroelectric generators are used in large scale wherein the source can either be a falls

or dam. 1n lieu with this, the researcher opted for a study that investigates the possibility to use

falling water electric generator as a source of energy to charge a cellphone.

#pecifically, this research intends to answer the following Duestions

What is=are the factor=factors that can affect the speed of the water

%ow can the speed of water affects the amount of energy produced by the set*up to the

charging status of the phone

What is the relationship of the area of the faucet to the speed of water

%ow long does the generator increase the battery level into )@ /@

F(R!.LA'+(N (F 'E /-('ES+S

The falling water generator can supply energy needed to charge a phone.

S+GN+F+$AN$E (F 'E S'.D/

To attain the visibility of the most demanded avenues as the population grows, such as

electricity, the researchers ought to loo for some alternative sources for it to be more applied

and fle$ible. Water which has been the most essential element for Duenching ones thirst, taing

baths, and washing could also be a source of electricity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropowerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity


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This study aims to use water as an alternative source of supply of electricity and admits

advantages for its safe and simple. 1t does not produce atmospheric pollutants and does not

generate greenhouse gases. 1t avoids depleting non*renewable fuel resources .

1t saves fuel. #ince the use of electrical energy is really going adamant, the science of

possibilities containing strategies with the researchers capability aspires to voice this study out.

Furthermore, in large*scale generators, problems regarding the Duality and temperature of

water arise. :ut in this set*up, either the temperature or the Duality of water will not be affected

thus it cannot pose danger to the person using the water and the environment.

The study contributes one solution to this dilemma. Hsing the falling water generator every

time we consume water is lie hitting two birds with one stone * use water for its common

purposes and harness energy that can charge cellphones.

The set*up of this study provides low operating and maintenance costs since the materials

used are either recycled or reused. There is an assurance that this promotes -6s.

S$(-E AND DEL+!+'A'+(N (F 'E S'.D/

This study was conducted for it releases free energy as we eep the water falling. 1ts

elements are the turbine, the shaft, dynamo, and charger. (s much as the researches would want

to help everyone to conserve our natural resources, they have conducted this ind of study.

The hydroelectric research was conducted on third wee of Iune until second wee of

February in "onsolacion National %igh #chool K 5ay "lass. This research has

been done with the use of indigenous materials and some tools lie an electric drill, cutter, glue

gun, screwdriver, voltmeter and alligator clips.


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$A-'ER ++

Related Literature and Studies

The power of water has been used by humans for thousands of years. The Grees used water in wheels where

they grind wheat into flour more than +999 years ago . )7th century was the

turning point for the utili&ation of water power. The improvements in technology and need for electricity replaced

the waterwheels with modern day turbines .

There is uncertainty as to the date of the first water wheel, but T. #. 6eynolds cites :ritish

scholar Ioseph Needham as finding evidence in ancient 1ndian te$ts of waterwheels from -/9

:.".E. . %owever, there is Duestion as to the soundness of this evidence,

due to possible interpretation errors from reading the ancient scriptures. 1nstead, scholars turn to

ne$t piece of historical evidence, which comes from ancient manuscripts by 'hilo the Gree, a

technician who lived under the :y&antine Empire around the -rd century :.".E. . 1t is believed that the Grees used waterwheels to grind wheat into flour at this time

.

Waterwheels eventually found their way into the !iddle East by the )9th century ".E., as

well as late medieval and 6enaissance Europe . Even by the time of the

Western 1ndustriali&ation, power from waterwheels was relied upon as much as the steam engine

. 5uring the time of the Western 1ndustriali&ation pre*)499s, there e$isted only

wooden waterwheels that suffered from low efficiencies and maintenance problems . (fter the )499s, however, the metal waterwheels by :enoit Fourneyron, and then #amuel

:. %owd K which was later improved upon by Iames :. Francis, led to the development of the

water turbine. Water turbines were originally directly connected to industrial plants, but later


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used to generate electricity . Today, the worlds hydroelectric plants are

primarily powered by water turbines that capture the energy in water flowing through a dam

( hydroelectric dam converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by means of a turbine

and alternator. A%ydroelectric power is produced as water passes through a dam, and into a river

below. The more water that passes through a dam, the more energy is produced. Whenever

electricity is produced, it is transported along huge transmission lines to an electric utility

company. 5ams are one of the products of this study.B 6etrieved February )9, +9)2, from

http==www.mbgnet.net=fresh=rivers=dams.html.

AThroughout the )779s in order to ma$imi&e this source of energy for electricity production,

a hydropower facility consists of a water reservoir enclosed by a dam whose gates can open or

close depending on how much water is needed to produce a particular amount of electricity.

0nce electricity is produced, it is transported along huge transmission lines to an electric utility

company. 5ams are one of the products of this study.B A%ydroelectric 'ower.B

(lternativeEnergy.Web.+4.#ept.+9)/. http==www.altenergy.org=renewables=hydroelectric.html.

(s to how this generator wors "orps of Engineers e$plains it this way A( hydraulic turbine

converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. ( hydroelectric generator converts

this mechanical energy into electrical energy. The operation of a generator is based on the

principles discovered by Faraday. %e found that when a magnet is moved past a conductor, it

causes electricity to flow. 1n a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating direct

current through loops of wire wound around stacs of magnetic steel laminations. These are

called field poles, and are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The rotor is attached to the


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turbine shaft, and rotates at a fi$ed speed. When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles to move past the conductors mounted in the stator. This, in turn, causes

electricity to flow and a voltage to develop at the generator output terminals.B


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!aterials Needed0

+9 'lastic Gallon "ellular 'hone !arine Epo$y

)9 'lastic #poons "harger ):earing

)4*inch long "urtain 6od - Glue #tics ) #pray 'aint Thin Wire + 5;5="5 5iscs

5ynamo 'ermanent !arer

'ools Needed0

+ (lligator "lips "utter 'hillip #crew

Electric 5rill Glue Gun 6uler

;oltmeter 'air of #cissors

Figure 12 !aterials

-rocedure

A2 'he 'urine

). Gather 4 plastic spoons. Hsing the wire cutters, cut the spoon handles leaving a ) cm

stem from the bowl of the spoon.

+. Warm up the glue gun and load it with glue stic.


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-. !i$ the epo$y properly.

. 'ut the first spoon on the disc and paste it with the use of glue gun. (pply it with the

epo$y.

/. 6epeat step with the remaining 3 spoons. (dCust the angle of the spoons so that they

are evenly spaced and all proCects from the disc at the same angle.

2. "over it with the other disc.

3. 1nsert the bearing into the rod and slide it into the disc passing through the bearing.

4. #tic it with glue. (pply epo$y in it.


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Figure 32 A44lying E4o5y to S4oons to the Disc

B2 'he ousing or the Body

). Get the plastic container and tear off any labels that might be attached to the sides. Hsing

scissors or a cutter, cut part of the bottom off.


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+. Hsing a ruler, find the center of the side as accurately as you can. !ar this point with the

permanent marer. 6epeat for the other side.-. 5rill a hole through the plastic at the mar on each side of the container.

Figure62 Drilling the -lastic Bottle

$2 Final Assemly

). #lide the rod into the plastic.

+. (ttach the dynamo facing to the turbine.

-. "ut the thin wire and hoo it up into the dynamo.. 6epeat step - until all holes are hooed up on the rod. #tic them with glue

and apply epo$y.

/. 'aste the other part of the dynamo into the rod. "ut the remaining rod, if it is too long.2. #pray it with the spray paint.

3. eave it to dry.


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Figure72 Drying u4 the Set8u4

D2 'est the set8u4

). Get the set*up? be sure that the set*up is already dry.

+. Gather the materials such as alligator clips, charger, cellular phone, and voltmeter.

-. Hse the alligator clips to hold the tip of the wire from the dynamo and clip it to the other.

6epeat this to the other side.

. 'lace the set*up near the faucet. :e sure that the turbine is concentrated at the faucet.

/. Turn on the faucet and measure the flow of the water.2. 0bserve the results of the set*up

Figure92 'esting the Set8u4

$A-'ER +:

Results and Discussion

Data and Results0

5uring the first testing of the set*up, the cellphone didnt charge even if the faucet was

turned on to its ma$imum level.

When the opening of the faucet was covered, these data were gathered


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Table). 5ata gathered from the faucet .

'rials Rate o) Falling

;ater

(4ening

o) the Faucet

$harging Status


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1%

:

+9+./- m=s

No cover

M was covered

was covered

Not stable

Not stable

Not stable

4. K /2.3

/.4 K 2-.

32.+ K 44.-

"

-9). 47 m=s

No cover

M was covered

was covered

Not stable

"harged in - min O 94 sec

"harged in + min O )- sec

42.+ * 47.3

7+./

))4.-

Data gathered )rom the common outlet0

"harging #tatus in )@ is ) minute and )2 seconds

"harging #tatus in /@ is 2 minutes and - seconds

Figure>2 :oltage o)

'rial 18$


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Figure@2 :oltage o)

'rial 38$


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rate is fast. This phenomenon is commonly nown as the "ontinuity EDuation. 1t means the mean

flow rates at all cross sections having eDual areas are then eDual, and if the

areas are not eDual, then the speed of water is inversely proportional to the areas of the respective

cross sections which are the inflow and the outflow. Thus, if the flow of water is constant in a

channel, then the product of the area of the opening of the faucet and the speed of water will be

eDual for any two cross sections within that reach.

!oreover, when the speed of falling water is fast, this causes the dynamo to turn fast?

generating more energy called voltage thus resulting for the phone to charge.

$A-'ER :

$onclusion

#ome of the factors that can affect the speed of water are the opening or the area of the

faucet where the water comes out is covered * and the source being turned on to its ma$imum

level or the flow rate. The study shows that the faster the speed of water, the greater the voltage

which the hydroelectric generator can produce and the slower the speed of water becomes, it also

affects the voltage of the generator as well. The data shows the inverse relationship between the

areas of the faucet where water can flow and the speed of the water e$iting from the faucet.

When the area of the faucet where the water can flow is large, then the speed of the water is slow

but when the area is small, the flow rate is fast. Hsing the generator, the battery level increased


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into )@ in an average of - minutes. (nd for /@ is ) minutes and 2.7 seconds.

Furthermore, falling water electric generator can be a source of energy to charge a cellphone.

Recommendation

To improve this study, the researchers recommend the following

1f possible, mae the voltage constant

1f possible, connect the set*up to a bulb

1mprove the structural form of the set*up

1ncrease the voltage that has been produced by the set*up

5o not e$pose the dynamo in water? it may lead to malfunctioning of the set*up.

1f possible, made portable device that is similar to the study and can be easily used

during emergencies situations

Biliogra4hy

5avison, (.Renewable energy, hydroelectric power, benefits and cons of hydro energy.

6etrieved Ianuary +2, +9)2, from

http==www.altenergy.org=renewables=hydroelectric.html

(dvantages of %ydro power. . 6etrieved Ianuary +2, +9)2, from

%ydro 'ower, http==www.conserve*energy*

future.com=(dvantagesP%ydro'ower.php


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:uild your own hydroelectric generator. . 6etrieved Ianuary +2, +9)2,

from http==www.howtosmile.org=record=4/77

'erlman, %., O H#G#. Hydroelectric power. Advantages, from USGS water-science

school. 6etrieved Ianuary +2, +9)2, from http==water.usgs.gov=edu=hydroadvantages.html

5isadvantages of %ydro power * conserve energy future. . 6etrieved

Ianuary +2, +9)2, from %ydro 'ower, http==www.conserve*energy*

future.com=5isadvantagesP%ydro'ower.php

Get started with !icrohydro power. 6etrieved Ianuary +2, +9)2, from

http==www.homepower.com=articles=microhydro*power=basics=get*started*microhydro*

power

Friedl, #. .Hydroelectric energy: efinition, !ses, advantages " disadvantages -

video " lesson transcript(vailable from http==study.com=academy=lesson=hydroelectric*

energy*definition*uses*advantages*disadvantages.html

"ontinuity eDuation. 6etrieved February ), +9)2, from

http==www.fsl.orst.edu=geowater=FQ-=help=4P%ydraulicP6eference="ontinuityPEDuation.

htm

:y :rett :ergen %ydropower ( comprehensive review,. 6etrieved February )-, +9)2,

from http==www.personal.psu.edu=b&b))2=art)9)hw/.html

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