New reproductive technology

New reproductive technologySebastian Fernandez and Carlos Andres Mejia

Introduction

For centuries scientists have tried to develop a new way of creating life or of helping fertilization

Cloning

ACT

IVF

Clonation

Cloning

´´Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!´´

There are different types of cloning

DNA Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Therapeutic Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Most known type There are several methods among

which are: Artificial embryo twinning Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Mimics a natural process Twins occur when a zygote

divides into two celled embryo.

Both cells start developing on their own

Artificial process is performed in a lab. Within a Petri dish

Manual separation of the Zygote

Artificial embryo twinning

Somatic nuclear transfer This process starts isolating

a somatic cell from an adult female.

The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell

The nucleus is inserted into an egg without nucleus.

Some chemicals are injected in the egg.

Starts behaving as a zygote.

ACT

ACT Artificial cell

technology Developed in the J.

Craig Venter institute Over 15 years of

research A cell structure filled

with computer made genetic material

Not only some genes, but a full genome

IVF

In Vitro Fertilization The in vitro fertilization is a process where the egg is fertilized out

side of the body. It works removing the egg from ovaries and letting the sperm

fertilize it in a laboratory The zygote is then introduced into the uterus of the carrier Some of the in vitro fertilization examples are:

▪ Zygote intrafallopian transfer▪ Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Treats male infertility problems, or egg hyperresistance

It is used toguether with another method that is Oocyte (Immature Ovum) extraction

Using microtools and a microscope, the sperm`s tail is cutted and it is inserted into the oocyte.

The egg becomes fertilized and it is inserted inside the mother.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) Used when due to a defect, the

sperm is unable to meet the egg. The process takes about 5 weeks to

complete Female must take a fertility

medication When the follicles are mature HCG is

injected

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

36 hours later the eggs are removed by transvaginal ovum retrieval

The egg is fertilized in the laboratory

Placed again inside the woman throu laparoscope

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8 http://www.babycenter.com/0_fertility-treatment-gam

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l http://

learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning