New record of the genus and species Liothrips reuteri ... · El-Haidari and Daoud, 1971; Al-Ali, 1977; Hamodi and Abdul-Rassoul, 2010c). For new records, thrips specimens were collected

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Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool(2016) 40: 620-624© TÜBİTAKdoi:10.3906/zoo-1507-14

New record of the genus and species Liothrips reuteri (Bagnall) from Iraq, with a checklist of tubuliferan species (Thysanoptera)

Majid MIRAB-BALOU*Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

* Correspondence: [email protected]

Iraq  is a country in western Asia. The country borders Turkey  to the north, Iran  to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south,  Jordan  to the southwest, and Syria to the west (Figure 1). The southern part of Iraq is within the Arabian Peninsula. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58  km on the northern Persian Gulf and its territory encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the north-western end of the Zagros mountain range, and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. Most of Iraq has a hot arid climate with subtropical influence. Typically precipitation is low; most places receive less than 250 mm annually, with maximum rainfall occurring during the winter months. Rainfall during the summer is extremely rare, except in the far north of the country. The northern mountainous regions have cold winters with occasional heavy snows, sometimes causing extensive flooding.

In Iraq, the first record of thrips was of eight species: Melanthrips fuscus (Sulzer), Hercothrips indicus (= Caliothrips indicus Bagnall), Retithrips syriacus (Mayet), Euphysothrips sp., Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Frankliniella pallida (Uzel), Allothrips sp.? pillichellus Priesner, and Haplothrips cerealis Priesner (= Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov) (Derwesh, 1965); and after that there were several scattered studies of this group in this country (Mound, 1967; El-Haidari and Daoud, 1971; Al-Ali, 1977; Bhatti, 1986, 1988; Hamodi and Abdul-Rassoul, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c; Hamodi, 2012).

The Thysanoptera, with more than 6000 known species, is an order of insects distributed throughout the world. This order includes nine families for living species belonging to two suborders: Terebrantia and Tubulifera (Mirab-balou et al., 2011: 720-721). The family Phlaeothripidae is the only family in the suborder Tubulifera. This family currently comprises about 3550 known species in 460 genera in the world (ThripsWiki, 2015), of which 12 species in five genera have been reported from Iraq (Derwesh, 1965; El-Haidari and Daoud, 1971; Al-Ali, 1977; Hamodi and Abdul-Rassoul, 2010c).

For new records, thrips specimens were collected on Tamarix sp. (Figure 2) from Mandali (= Mendeli, in Kurdish) (Latitude 33.7436111/33°44ʹ36.9996ʺ, Longitude 45.5463889/45°32ʹ46.9998ʺ) in Diyala Province, eastern Iraq (Figure 3). The thrips were prepared and mounted on slides using the method described by Mirab-balou and Chen (2010) and specimens are deposited in the collection of the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran (ILAMU), and the Insect Collection of Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU).

The present checklist aims at reviewing as many reports of Thysanoptera as possible, including all previously published as having been recorded in Iraq. Postgraduate theses and scientific meetings are not formal publications and are consequently not included in this

Abstract: A tamarisk thrips, Liothrips reuteri (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera), collected on Tamarix from Mandali (Diyala Province) is recorded from Iraq for the first time. This also represents the first record of the genus Liothrips Uzel for this country. A current checklist of the tubuliferan thrips from Iraq is provided. The new records increase the known tubuliferan thrips reported in Iraq to 12 species in 6 genera representing two subfamilies of the family Phlaeothripidae. Diagnostic morphological characters and the geographical distribution of the newly recorded thrips are given.

Key words: Thysanoptera, Tubulifera, Liothrips, Tamarix, Iraq

Received: 09.07.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 22.02.2016 Final Version: 09.06.2016

Short Communication

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paper. Nomenclatural information for all thrips taxa in this checklist (for full synonymies for the names listed here) is available online (http://thrips.info/wiki/).

The present checklist comprises 12 species in six genera of the family Phlaeothripidae in Tubulifera (Table); of these, the genus and species of Liothrips reuteri (Bagnall) are recorded in Iraq for the first time.

Liothrips Uzel, 1895This genus, with 283 species in the world, is the largest

genus in the subfamily Phlaeothripinae. zur Strassen (1994) lists 74 Liothrips species from Indonesia, and

Mirab-balou et al. (2011) lists 25 species of this genus from China. Recently, the key of four species from Iran was provided by Minaei and Mound (2014). Herein, this genus is newly recorded for the fauna of Iraq.

Liothrips reuteri (Bagnall, 1913) (Figures 4–10)Material studied. 9♀, 3♂, IRAQ, Mandali, Diyala

Province, on Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae), 5.iv.2014, and 7.iii.2014, (ILAMU; 2 females, 1 male at SCAU).

Diagnosis. Female macroptera. Body dark brown, except antennal segments III & IV yellow to yellowish

Figure 1. Map of Iraq.

Figure 2. Tamarisk, Tamarix sp. in Mandali, Iraq.

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brown; anterior half of antennal segment II, posterior half of segment V, and base of VI yellowish brown; all legs dark brown.

Head. Head longer than broad; postocular setae small (shorter than eyes), not reaching compound eyes, apically pointed or blunt (Figure 4). Cheeks without any strong basal setae; mouth cone narrowly pointed, but not reaching posterior margin of prosternum. Maxillary stylets far from eyes; maxillary bridge absent. Antennae 8-segmented (Figure 5), segment III with one outer sense cone but never with an inner sense cone, IV with one inner and two outer sense cones, II with campaniform sensillum situated at anterior half of segment; antennal segment III longer than others; segment VIII nonpedicellate.

Thorax. Pronotum weakly sculptured; all pronotal setae well developed, with apices expanded; pronotal anteromarginal setae (am) as long as anteroangulars (aa) (sometimes a little longer than aa in some specimens), epimerals (ep) longer than posteroangulars (pa). Notopleural sutures complete; basantral plates absent. Metanotum longitudinally striate to hexagonally reticulate, with a pair of well-developed median setae, expanded apically, far from anterior margin; mesopresternum undivided, boat-shaped (Figure 8); metathoracic sternopleural sutures present. Pelta bell-shaped, with a pair of campaniform sensilla (Figure 6). Foretarsus with tooth in both sexes. Forewing parallel sided (Figure 7), 10–13 duplicated cilia present, subbasal wing setae arranged

Figure 3. Map of Diyala Province (showing situation of Mandali).

Table. A checklist of tubuliferan species recorded from Iraq.

I. Subfamily Idolothripinae

Allothrips HoodAllothrips sp. ? pillichellus Priesner

II. Subfamily Phlaeothripinae

Dolicholepta PriesnerD. micrura (Bagnall)

Haplothrips Amyot et ServilleH. hukkineni PriesnerH. jasionis PriesnerH. pharao PriesnerH. salloumensis PriesnerH. subtilissimus (Haliday)H. tritici (Kurdjumov) *

Karnyothrips WatsonK. flavipes (Jones)K. melaleucus (Bagnall)

Phlaeothrips HalidayP. sycomori Priesner

* This species was previously recorded in Iraq as H. cerealis Priesner, which was recently synonymized by Minaei and Mound, 2014: 598. Here it was also collected from Diyala Province [Material studied: 7♀, 3♂, IRAQ, Mandali, Diyala Province, on Bromus sp. (Poaceae), 17.iii.2015, (ILAMU, 2 females, 2 males at SCAU)].

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Figures 4–10. Liothrips reuteri (Bagnall). (4) Head and pronotum; (5) Antenna; (6) Pelta; (7) Forewing; (8) Mesopraesternum; (9) Abdominal segments IX and X (tube); (10) Abdominal sternite VIII, male (showing pore plate); (scale bar = 100 µm).

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in one row, setae S1, S2, and S3 the same length and expanded apically.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergites II–VII with 2 pairs of sigmoid wing retaining setae; tergite IX with S1 and S2 setae well developed and blunt apically in both sexes (sometimes smoothly expanded in males). Tube shorter than head (Figure 9).

Male macroptera. Male with a broad pore plate on abdominal sternite VIII (Figure 10); tergite IX S2 setae shorter and thicker than S1 and S3.

Measurements (female in micrometres) (width). Body ♀ 2870. Head 350(245); postocular setae 20. Pronotum 140(365), epimeral setae 70. Forewing 950; subbasal setae 60. Abdominal tergite IX setae S1 115. Tube

180 (basal width 76), anal setae 140. Antennal segments I–VIII length 50(53), 58(37), 115(36), 95(34), 80(36), 70(33), 50(24), and 40(18).

Distribution. Iraq (Diyala); Iran, India, Egypt, North Africa, Canary Islands, Mediterranean, United Arab Emirates, Mongolia, Niger, Sudan (zur Strassen and Harten 2008).

Hosts. Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae).

AcknowledgmentsI am grateful to Prof Tong Xiao-li and Prof Zhang Wei-qiu of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, for their useful advice.

References

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