Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull 74: 23–32 (2017) DEEP-SEA FISHES COLLECTED FROM THE ANDAMAN SEA BY R/V CHAKRATONG TONGYAI DURING 1996–2000. PART 1: ORDER SCORPAENIFORMES Toshio Kawai 1 *, Fumihito Tashiro 2 , Hisashi Imamura 1,3 and Charatsee Aungtonya 4 1 Fisheries Science Center, The Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 2 Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086, Japan 3 Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 4 Phuket Marine Biological Center, P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Forty-four fish specimens of Scorpaeniformes were collected by R/V Chakratong Tongyai from the deep-sea waters of the Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean during 1996–2000 under the Biodiversity Project on the Andaman Sea Shelf. These 44 specimens were identified as five scorpaenids Plectrogium nanum Gilbert, 1905, Setarches guentheri Johnson, 1862, Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894), Ectreposebastes imus Garman, 1899 and Phenacoscorpius longilineatus Motomura, Causse and Struthers, 2012, and four peristediids, Scalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1898), Satyrichthys milleri Kawai, 2013, Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) and Peristedion riversandersoni (Alcock, 1894). The present study represents the first records of Plectrogium nanum, Ectreposebastes imus, Phenacoscorpius longilineatus and Peristedion riversandersoni from the Andaman Sea. INTRODUCTION From 1996–2000 deep-sea expeditions were conducted by R/V Chakratong Tongyai, off southern Thailand, in the Andaman Sea, in the eastern Indian Ocean under the Biodiversity Project of the Andaman Sea Shelf (BIOSHELF). This project was supported by the Scientific Cooperation Program between Thailand and Denmark (see Aungtonya et al., 2000). More than 1,000 deep-sea (more than 200 m depth) fish specimens were collected by this expedition, and those specimens were identified to the orders Chimaeriformes, Squaliformes, Torpediniformes, Rajiformes, Albuliformes, Anguilliformes, Argentiniformes, Stomiiformes, Ateleopodiformes, Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, Lampriformes, Gadiformes, Ophidiiformes, Lophiiformes, Steph- anoberyciformes, Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Scor- paeniformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes and Tetraodontiformes (sensu Nelson, 2006). As a part of comprehensive species list of deep-sea fishes collected by this expedition, we report in this paper on fishes of the order Scorpaeniformes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All specimens were caught from deep-sea waters of the Andaman Sea by BIOSHELF. Those specimens have been preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol after fixation in 10% formalin. These specimens have been deposited in the Reference Collection of Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, Thailand (PMBC). Comparative specimens examined in this study have also been deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH), PMBC, and Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India (ZSI). Counts and proportional measurements follow Eschmeyer (1965) for Plectrogenium, Setarches and Ectreposebastes, Motomura et al. (2012a) for Phenacoscorpius, and Kawai et al. (2004) for Peristediidae. Standard length is abbreviated as SL. Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm with digital calipers.
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Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull 74: 23–32 (2017)
DEEP-SEA FISHES COLLECTED FROM THE ANDAMAN SEA BY R/V CHAKRATONG TONGYAI DURING 1996–2000. PART 1: ORDER SCORPAENIFORMES
Toshio Kawai1*, Fumihito Tashiro2, Hisashi Imamura1,3 and Charatsee Aungtonya4
1Fisheries Science Center, The Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
2Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086, Japan
3Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
4Phuket Marine Biological Center, P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Forty-four fish specimens of Scorpaeniformes were collected by R/V Chakratong Tongyai from the deep-sea waters of the Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean during 1996–2000 under the Biodiversity Project on the Andaman Sea Shelf. These 44 specimens were identified as five scorpaenids Plectrogium nanum Gilbert, 1905, Setarches guentheri Johnson, 1862, Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894), Ectreposebastes imus Garman, 1899 and Phenacoscorpius longilineatus Motomura, Causse and Struthers, 2012, and four peristediids, Scalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1898), Satyrichthys milleri Kawai, 2013, Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) and Peristedion riversandersoni (Alcock, 1894). The present study represents the first records of Plectrogium nanum, Ectreposebastes imus, Phenacoscorpius longilineatus and Peristedion riversandersoni from the Andaman Sea.
INTRODUCTION
From 1996–2000 deep-sea expeditions were conducted by R/V Chakratong Tongyai, off southern Thailand, in the Andaman Sea, in the eastern Indian Ocean under the Biodiversity Project of the Andaman Sea Shelf (BIOSHELF). This project was supported by the Scientific Cooperation Program between Thailand and Denmark (see Aungtonya et al., 2000). More than 1,000 deep-sea (more than 200 m depth) fish specimens were collected by this expedition, and those specimens were identified to the orders Chimaeriformes, Squaliformes, Torpediniformes, Rajiformes, Albuliformes, Anguilliformes, Argentiniformes, Stomiiformes, Ateleopodiformes, Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, Lampriformes, Gadiformes, Ophidiiformes, Lophiiformes, Steph-anoberyciformes, Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Scor-paeniformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes and Tetraodontiformes (sensu Nelson, 2006). As a part of comprehensive species list of deep-sea fishes collected by this expedition, we report in this paper on fishes of the order Scorpaeniformes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All specimens were caught from deep-sea waters of the Andaman Sea by BIOSHELF. Those specimens have been preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol after fixation in 10% formalin. These specimens have been deposited in the Reference Collection of Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, Thailand (PMBC). Comparative specimens examined in this study have also been deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH), PMBC, and Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India (ZSI). Counts and proportional measurements follow Eschmeyer (1965) for Plectrogenium, Setarches and Ectreposebastes, Motomura et al. (2012a) for Phenacoscorpius, and Kawai et al. (2004) for Peristediidae. Standard length is abbreviated as SL. Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm with digital calipers.
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SPECIES LIST
Family ScorpaenidaePlectrogenium nanum Gilbert, 1905
Fig. 1
Diagnosis: 12 dorsal-fin spines; 6–7 dorsal-fin soft rays; 3 anal-fin spines; 5 anal-fin soft rays; 20–24 pectoral-fin rays, body depth (24.5–28.0 % SL); and single large black spot on region of dorsal-fin soft rays (Mandrytsa, 1992; Nakabo and Kai, 2013; present study).
Material: PMBC 27970, 1 specimen, 58.1 mm SL, St. L6, 6°45'N 98°06'E to 6°44'N 98°05'E, 303–313 m depth, 23 Feb. 2000.
Distribution: Hawaii, southern Japan, East China Sea, southern Taiwan, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Madagascar (e.g., Mandrytsa, 1992; Nakabo and Kai, 2013) and Andaman Sea (present study).
Remarks: This species was unknown from the eastern Indian Ocean. Therefore, this report is the first record of the species from the Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean.
Figure 1. Plectrogenium nanum, PMBC 27970, 58.1 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
Setarches guentheri Johnson, 1862Fig. 2
Diagnosis: 3 anal-fin spines; anteriormost preorbital spine relatively developed, as long as posterior two; second preopercular spine subequal to or longer than first and third; and interorbital width 7–9 % SL (Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27947, 1 specimen, 124.9 mm SL, St. K6, 7°02'N 98°10'E to 7°04'N 98°09'E,
277–288 m depth, 1 Mar. 2000; PMBC 27948, 1 specimen, 138.4 mm SL, St. Z5, 7°38'N 96°57'E, 713 m depth, 24 Jan. 1999.
Distribution: Tropical and temperate waters in the Indian Ocean (including Andaman Sea), western and central Pacific, and eastern and western Atlantic (e.g., Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; Nakabo and Kai, 2013; Poss, 2016; present study).
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Figure 2. Setarches guentheri, PMBC 27947, 124.9 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894)Fig. 3
Diagnosis: 3 anal-fin spines; anteriormost preorbital spine relatively developed, as long as posterior two; second preopercular spine reduced or absent, much shorter than first or third; and interorbital width 8–12 % SL (Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27949, 1 specimen, 77.7 mm SL, St. K6, 7°02'N 98°10'E to 7°04'N 98°09'E, 277–288 m depth, 1 Mar. 2000; PMBC 27952, 1 specimen, 51.9 mm SL, St. E5, 8°30'N 97°30'E to 8°30'N 97°31'E, 225–228 m depth, 8 Feb. 2000.
Distribution: Tropical and temperate waters in the western Pacific, Andaman Sea and Arabian Sea (e.g., Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; Nakabo and Kai, 2013; present study).
Remarks: The present specimens of this species have a slightly narrower interorbital distance, width 8–9 % SL (vs. 9–12 % SL: Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966).
Comparative materials: Setarches longimanus. PMBC 27950, 2 specimens, 59.7–63.9 mm SL, Andaman Sea, 300–400 m depth, 8 Sep. 1980; PMBC 27951, 1 specimen, 62.2 mm SL, Andaman Sea, 300 m depth, 8 Sep. 1980.
Figure 3. Setarches longimanus, PMBC 27949, 77.7 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
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Ectreposebastes imus Garman, 1899Fig. 4
Diagnosis: 12 dorsal-fin spines; 3 anal-fin spines; 8–10 predorsal scales; 55–63 scale rows in a longitudinal series; anteriormost preorbital spine greatly reduced, much shorter than posterior two; and uniformly blackish body (Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; Mandrytsa, 1990; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27953, 1 specimen, 108.9 mm SL, St. J8, 7°21'N 97°26'E to 7°20'N 97°25'E, 520–531 m depth, 27 Jan. 1999; PMBC 27954, 1 specimen, 78.2 mm SL, St. E9, 8°30'N 95°58'E to 8°28'N 95°58'E, 649–550 m depth, 5 Feb. 1999.
Distribution: Hawaii, Japan, eastern Taiwan, Timor Sea, Indian coast of Sumatra, Saya de Malha Bank, Mozambique, Atlantic coast of western and middle Africa, New England, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador and Peru (e.g., Mandrytsa, 1990; Imamura, 2009; Nakabo and Kai, 2013) and Andaman Sea (present study).
Remarks: This species had never been reported from the Andaman Sea. Therefore, this report is the first record of this species from this location.
Figure 4. Ectreposebastes imus, PMBC 27953, 108.9 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
Phenacoscorpius longilineatus Motomura, Causse and Struthers, 2012
Fig. 5
Diagnosis: 16–18 pectoral-fin rays; 8–12 pored lateral line scales, last pored scale situated from below second to fifth dorsal-fin spine base; 50–52 scale rows in longitudinal series; 18–22 gill rakers; palatine teeth present; nuchal and parietal spines present; 4–7 suborbital spines; post-nuchal-spine length, 5.0–9.7 % SL; caudal fin length, 21.4–26.7 % SL; 0–5 black spots on posterior half of caudal
peduncle; and body usually uniformly whitish without distinct dark saddles in preserved specimens (Motomura et al., 2012b; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27955, 1 specimen, 89.0 mm SL, St. K6, 7°02'N 98°10'E to 7°04'N 98°09'E, 277–288 m depth, 1 Mar. 2000.
Distribution: New Caledonia and New Zealand (Motomura et al., 2012b) and Andaman Sea (present study).
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Remarks: The present specimen of this species has 22 gill rakers and lacks clear black spots on the posterior half of the caudal peduncle (vs. having 18–21 gill rakers and 1–5 black spots: Motomura et al., 2012b).
This species had never been recorded from the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this report is the first record of the species from this location.
Figure 5. Phenacoscorpius longilineatus, PMBC 27955, 89.0 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
Family PeristediidaeScalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1898)
Fig. 6
Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin of head smooth; posterior pairs of lower lateral rows of bony plates separated from each other; barbels on lower jaw not branched except for posterior lip and chin barbels; 20–23 dorsal-fin soft rays; 20–22 anal-fin soft rays; equilateral-triangular rostral projections; and antrose spines absent on upper lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle (Alcock, 1898; Heemstra, 1982, 1986; Kawai, 2008; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27956, 6 specimens, 110.4–156.8 mm SL, St. E8, 8°32'N 96°04'E to 8°31'N 96°07'E, 488–478 m depth, 6 Feb. 1999; PMBC 27957, 7 specimens, 96.9–134.0 mm SL, St. J8, 7°21'N 97°26'E to 7°20'N 97°25'E, 520–531 m depth, 27 Jan. 1999; PMBC 27958, 1 specimen, 78.7 mm SL, St. J8, 7°15'N 97°30'E to 7°15'N
97°32'E, 490–479 m depth, 18 Feb. 2000; PMBC 27959, 6 specimens, 113.2–152.7 mm SL, St. E8, 8°32'N 96°04'E to 8°31'N 96°07'E, 488–478 m depth, 6 Feb. 1999; PMBC 27960, 1 specimen, 138.6 mm SL, St. C10, 8°59'N 96°08'E to 8°56'N 96°08'E, 691–684 m depth, 4 Feb. 2000.
Distribution: South China Sea, Andaman Sea and Indian coast of South Africa (Alcock, 1898; Heemstra, 1982, 1986; Richards, 2000; present study).
Remarks: Although this species had been known as having 20–22 dorsal-fin and 21 anal-fin soft rays (Alcock, 1898; Heemstra, 1982, 1986), the present specimens have 20–23 and 20–22 soft rays respectively.
Comparative materials: Three syntypes of S. investigatoris. BMNH 1898.7.13.2, 82.0 mm SL; ZSI 13037, 131 mm SL; ZSI 13038, 74.1 mm SL, Andaman Sea, 344–402 m depth.
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Satyrichthys milleri Kawai, 2013Fig. 7
Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin of head smooth; posterior parts of lower lateral rows of bony plates separated from each other; barbels on lower jaw not branched except for posteriormost lip and chin barbels; 15–17 dorsal-fin soft rays; 15–17 anal-fin soft rays; equilateral-triangular rostral projections; 4 (rarely 5) lip and 4 chin barbels; and antrose spines absent on upper lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle (Kawai, 2008, 2013; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27961, 2 specimens, 161.6–191.8 mm SL, St. E8, 8°32’N 96°04’E to 8°31’N 96°07’E, 488–478 m depth, 6 Feb. 1999; PMBC 27962, 1 specimen, 110.5 mm SL, St. C8, 9°00’N 96°15’E to 9°00’N 96°13’E, 478–480 m depth, 3 Feb. 2000.
Distribution: East China Sea, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Fiji and Andaman Sea (Kawai, 2013; present study).
Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852)Fig. 8
Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin of head smooth; posterior parts of lower lateral rows of bony plates separated from each other; barbels on lower jaw not branched except for posteriormost lip and chin barbels; 13–17 dorsal-fin soft rays; 14–17 anal-fin soft rays; four (rarely three or five) lip and 2–5 chin barbels; antrose spines present on upper lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle; parietal bones unequal in size on midline; and no dusky spots on dorsal fin (Kawai, 2008, 2013; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27963, 1 specimen, 271.5 mm SL, St. unknown; PMBC 27964, 1 specimen, 272.3 mm SL, St. unknown.
Figure 6. Scalicus investigatoris, PMBC 27960, 138.6 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
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Figure 7. Satyrichthys milleri, PMBC 27961, 191.8 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
Distribution: Japan, Taiwan, East China Sea, South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Indonesia, Andaman Sea, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Arabian Sea, Saya de Malha Bank and Indian coast of southern Africa (Kawai, 2013, 2014; present study).
Comparative material: Satyrichthys laticeps. PMBC 27965, 1 specimen, 289.6 mm SL, 7°3.6’N 98°17.3’E to 7°3.6’N 98°17.9’E, 122 m depth, 15 Apr. 2007.
Figure 8. Satyrichthys laticeps, PMBC 27964, 272.3 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
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Peristedion riversandersoni (Alcock, 1894)Fig. 9
Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin of head smooth; posterior parts of lower lateral rows of bony plates contralaterally sutured along mid-line; 20–23 dorsal-fin soft rays; 20–22 anal-fin soft rays; anterior edge of 4th sensory pore of rostral projection anterior to anterior edge of premaxilla; perifacial rim prominent starting near anterior margin of lower jaw; and rostral projection with rounded margin on medial side at base (Kawai, 2008, 2016; present study).
Materials: PMBC 27966, 1 specimen, 129.4 mm SL, St. J8, 7°15'N 97°30'E to 7°15'N 97°32'E, 490–479 m depth, 18 Feb. 2000; PMBC 27967, 1
specimen, 123.7 mm SL, St. E7, 8°30'N 97°07'E to 8°29'N 97°04'E, 435–444 m depth, 9 Feb. 2000; PMBC 27968, 1 specimen, 131.5 mm SL, St. G8, 8°00'N 97°06'E to 8°00'N 97°04'E, 508–518 m depth, 20 Nov. 1999; PMBC 27969, 3 specimens, 135.0–136.2 mm SL, St. unknown.
Distribution: Japan, Taiwan, South China Sea, Java, Flores Sea and Sri Lanka (Richards, 2000; Kawai, 2016) and Andaman Sea (present study).
Remarks: This species had never been reported from the Andaman Sea. Therefore, this report is the first record of this species from this locality.
Figure 9. Peristedion riversandersoni, PMBC 27967, 123.7 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We sincerely thank Somkiat Khokiattiwong (PMBC Director), Somchai Bussarawit (Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute, Thailand) and the staff of the Reference Collection of PMBC for their help with our research at PMBC. We are grateful to James Maclaine (BMNH) and Krishnamoorthy Venkataraman (ZSI)
for providing opportunities to examine syntypes of Scalicus investigatoris. This study was partially supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI Grant Number 16K07472 and JSPS Core-to-Core Program–Research and Education Network on Southeast Asian Coastal Ecosystems, funded to the third author (HI).
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REFERENCES
Alcock, A. 1898. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey ship ‘Investigator,’ Commander T.H. Heming, R.N., commanding. Series II., no. 25. A note on the deep-sea fishes, with descriptions of some new genera and species, including another probably viviparous ophidioid. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7) 2: 136–156.Aungtonya, C., S. Thaipal and O. Tendal. 2000. A preliminary report on the Thai-Danish Bioshelf surveys (1996–2000) of the west coast of Thailand, Andaman Sea. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 63: 53–76.Eschmeyer, W.N. 1965. Western Atlantic scorpionfishes of the genus Scorpaena, including four new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. 15: 84–164.Eschmeyer, W.N. and B.B. Collette. 1966. The scorpionfish subfamily Setarchinae, including the genus Ectreposebastes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 16: 349–375.Heemstra, P.C. 1982. Taxonomic notes on some triglid and peristediid fishes (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes) from southern Africa. Copeia 1982: 291–295.Heemstra, P.C. 1986. Family No. 158: Peristediidae. In: Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Smiths’ sea fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, xx + 1047 p., 144 pls.Imamura, H. 2009. Ectreposebastes imus Garman, 1899. In: Nakaya, K., M. Yabe, H. Imamura, M. R. Camarena and M. Yoshida (eds.). Deep-sea fishes of Peru. Japan Deep Sea Trawlers Association, Tokyo. p. 194.Kawai, T. 2008. Phylogenetic systematics of the family Peristediidae (Teleostei: Actinopterygii). Species Divers. 13: 1–34.Kawai, T. 2013. Revision of the peristediid genus Satyrichthys (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) with the description of a new species, S. milleri sp. nov. Zootaxa 3635: 419–438.Kawai, T. 2014. Satyrichthys kikingeri Pogoreutz, Vitecek and Ahnelt, 2013, a junior synonym of Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae). Zootaxa 3900: 135–140.Kawai, T. 2016. Peristedion richardsi sp. nov. (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) from Indonesian waters, with synonymy between Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894 and Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913. Zootaxa 4171: 335–346.Kawai T., H. Imamura and K. Nakaya. 2004. Paraheminodus kochiensis Kamohara, 1957 (Teleostei: Peristediidae), a junior synonym of Paraheminodus murrayi (Günther, 1880), with a comparison of Paraheminodus murrayi and Paraheminodus laticephalus (Kamohara, 1952). Ichthyol. Res. 51: 73–76.Mandrytsa, S.A. 1990. On the validity of Ectreposebastes niger and distribution of species of the genus Ectreposebastes (Pisces, Scorpaenidae). Proc. Zool. Inst. Leningrad 213: 29–34.Mandrytsa, S.A. 1992. The new species and new records of fishes from the genera Phenacoscorpius and Plectrogenium in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 32: 10–17.Motomura, H., N. Kanehira and H. Imamura. 2012a. Redescription of a poorly known southeastern Pacific scorpionfish (Scorpaenidae), Phenacoscorpius eschmeyeri Parin and Mandrytsa. Species Divers. 17: 145–150.Motomura, H., R. Causse and C.D. Struthers. 2012b. Phenacoscorpius longilineatus, a new species of deepwater scorpionfish from the southwestern Pacific Ocean and the first records of Phenacoscorpius adensis from the Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae). Species Divers. 17: 151–160.Nakabo, H. and Y. Kai. 2013. Scorpaenidae. In: Nakabo, T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Third edition. Tokai University Press, Hadano, l + 2431p.Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the world. Fourth edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, xv + 523 p.Poss, S.G. 2016. Scorpaenidae. In: Carpenter, K.E. and N. De Angelis (eds.). The living marine resources of the eastern central Atlantic. Volume 3. Bony fishes part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome. pp. 1511–2350.
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Richards, W.J. 2000. Family Peristediidae. In: Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.). A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8): 569–667.
Manuscript received: 25 October 2016Accepted: 1 December 2016
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