New opportunities and challenges in implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management principles: short overview of IWMI projects in Central Asia

New opportunities and challenges in

implementation of IWRM principles: short

overview of IWMI projects in Central Asia

Herath Manthrithilake

Oyture Anarbekov

25th Anniversary of ICWC

Tashkent, Uzbekistan 23.11.2017

WATER SCARCITY …

• There is general consensus that when people have access to less than 1,700 cubic meters of water per year, a considerable proportion of them will be trapped in poverty (Falkenmark et al. 1989).

• The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines water stress as “severe” when the ratio of total water use to renewable supply exceeds 40 % (OECD 2009).

• Using this measure, by 2030 nearly half the world’s population (3.9 billion people) will be living under conditions of severe water stress.

THE REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF THIS SCARCITY INCLUDE:

■ Population increase

■ Increased living standards

■ Over-exploitation

■Water pollution

■ Ecosystem degradation

■ Adverse climate change

• when combined with effects of climate change on dryland production systems, the International Food Policy Research Institute estimates that the aggregate effect of climate change is likely to be a significant reduction in total agricultural productivity.

CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL ASIAN REGION

Population growth remains high in all countries within the region.

Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus

Salinization and waterlogging of the irrigated land

Climate change - supply concerns and extreme events

Poor water use efficiencies practices

Poor water mgt & governance

Deteriorated irrigation and drainage infrastructure

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1980 1990 2000 2007 2009 2011

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Population Irrigated area Water intake per capita

CHALLENGES …

• IWMI has identified two types of water

scarcity: physical scarcity and economic

scarcity.

• physical scarcity: the sustainable supply

limit has been reached and little

opportunity to construct more dams remains.

• Economic scarcity: Not having enough

financial resources necessary to build a new

dam, improving infrastructure, etc.

SCARCITY … OLD WAYS ARE NO LONGER VALID!

• Under a business-as-usual scenario, improvements in water productivity can be expected to close around 20 % of the gap between demand and supply.

• Increases in supply (dams, desalination, increased recycling, can be expect another 20%.

• The remaining 60%, must come from increased investment in infrastructure and water-policy reforms.

• The average rate of improvement in water productivity and supply enhancement needs to increase at double the rate of improvement achieved in the past decade.

INTERNATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

IWMI is a non-profit, scientific research organization with focus on the sustainable use of water and land resources in developing countries

IWMI established in 1985 with HQ in Sri Lanka More than 150 researchers in 12 Offices IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil

society and the private sector to develop scalable agricultural water management solutions that have a real impact on livelihoods, food security and ecosystem

Building ResilienceWater solutions to manage risk and variabity

Enabling Sustainable GrowthInclusive & innovative water management in rapidly

changing economies.

Managing Rural – Urban linkagesWater, food and waste innovations in urbanizing landscapes

THREE STRATEGIC PROGRAMS

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IWMI’S STRATEGY 2014-2018

IWMI positions itself as a:

■ think tank driving innovative research and

ideas for solutions;

■ provider of science-based products and

tools; and

■ facilitator of learning, strengthening capacity

and achieving uptake of research findings.

IWMI’S ACTIVITIES IN CENTRAL ASIAIWMI started its activities in CA in 2001 with main focus of research on:

Introduction of IWRM principles and Water Governance

Effective water management institutions

Identifying best practices for water savings

Improving irrigation performance

Water and energy productivityimprovement and water saving technologies

GIS/Remote sensing and climate change

Member of Regional Program for Sustainable

Agricultural Development in Central Asia and Caucasus

led by ICARDA

Implemented Programs/Projects in Uzbekistan: SDC: IWRM-FV (2001-2012) SDC: WPI-PL (2008-2012) ADB: Bright Spots and others CRP Water, Land & Ecosystems GIZ/BMZ: Improving irrigation efficiency in Potato fields IWMI hosts GWP-CACENA Partnership with European Universities (Humboldt

University Berlin, CDE/University of Bern/IMoMo and other active networks/initiatives

CURRENT MAIN DIRECTION OF WORK: Agricultural water management in rural areas:

river basin planning, improvement of Governance;

Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus: modeling;

Climate change, water risks and disasters;

Climate smart agriculture: innovation water and energy saving technologies for improved water and land resources management;

Improved water accounting and data transmission;

Capacity building on productive water use and on QGIS/RS;

Impact assessment of the interventions;

EU PROGRAMME “SUSTAINABLE MGT OF WATER RESOURCES IN RURAL AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN”

Partnership in Implementation:EU: GIZ, CREA and UBARegions: 6 BISAs WCAs: 3 WCAs in 3 Provinces6 Demonstration sites

Main interventions:a) 2 pilot river basins: introduce IWRM principlesb) Demonstration of innovative water saving technologies in 6 provincesc) Water Cadastred) Work-out financial-economic mechanisms for water savings

PEER CYCLE 4 PROJECT “IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN KARSHI STEPPE

Canal

Pumps

• Pumping distance is about 80 km• Pumping altitude is about 150 m• Irrigated area is about 335,000 ha

An illustration of water-energy-food

nexus

Partners in Implementation: USGS, UZGIP, Amu-Kashkadarya BISA, Sugd Provincial WMO, Local Experts

Project title: Implications of climate change, Amu Darya river basin

Study of hydrological behavior

Partners: NASA, Karakalpakistan branch of Water Problem Institute, Academy of Sciences Republic of Tajikistan, Balkh University Afghanistan

Diagnostic Digital Atlas on Murgab Basin Analysis and Planning / GIZ Interventions

Partners: GIZ and MAWR of Turkmenistan

ESTABLISHED PARTNERSHIP COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN CA

IARC and No-CG in Region: ICARDA,

AVRDC, ICBA, Bioversity, IFPRI

NARs of CA: Scientific-Research

Institutes of Irrigation and Amelioration

National Agrarian as well as

Irrigation/Amelioration Universities + foreign institutes:

DKU

Donor and Development

Agencies: SDC, GIZ, USAID, WB, ADB, IsDB, KOICA, UN

Agencies & others

Ministries of Agriculture and Water

Resources of 5 Countries, BISAs, ISAs

West-East Research & Education

Institutes: CDE, IAMO, Humboldt,

NWAFU

Social Enterpreneurs,

Knowledge Platforms: CAREC, CACILM, WOCAT,

CACARI, GWP-CACENA

Private Sector/Technology Partners: IMOMO,

Hydrosolutions, Photrack, SEBA

IWMI with its Partners

EC-IFAS (International Fund for Saving Aral Sea

Water Users, WUAs, AgCoop, Rural Extension

WE LOOK FORWARD FOR COOPERATION!

• http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/resources/apps/

IWMI-CENTRAL ASIA Office: E-mail: [email protected]