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ATARUDPractical English

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Past Perfect Progressive Tense

�اَن� . . . �َي الَب �َم�ُه� َع�َّل اَن� �نَس� اِإل َّل�َق� َخ� آَن� الُق�ْر� �َم� َع�َّل ْح�َم�ُن� الْر�

Definition Pas perfect tense is used to talk about an action that was completed at an unspecific time before a specific time or another action in the past

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StructuresAffirmative: Subject + had + (adverb) + V3 + ROTS

Negative: Subject + had not + V3 + ROTS

Interrogative: Had + subject + V3 + ROTS

With WH: WH + had + subject + V3 + ROTS

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The common uses 1. An action that started and ended before another action in the past

She had already graduated from university by the time she got married.

2. An action that started and ended before a specific time in the past.

My brother had traveled to the U.S.A before the year 2005.

3. A state that existed up to some time in the past before another action happened.

That car had belonged to me for a long time, but I finally sold it.

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The past perfect tense could be also used to show cause and effect in the past

She was so sad yesterday because she had failed an important exam.

Cause Effect

He was sleepless this morning because he had gone to bed late last night.

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Remember!Past perfect tense is commonly used with a simple past tense clause.

Clause

Main clause Subordinate clause

They had already watered the gardenWhen the rain started

They had already watered the garden when the rain started.

When the rain started, they had already watered the garden.

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The first action is always in the past perfect tense clause

We had already finished Step1 before we started Step2. (Correct)

First action Second action

Before we started Step2, we had already finished Step1. (Correct)

We already finished Step1 before we had started step2. (Incorrect)

Second action First action

Before we had started Step2, we already finished Step1. (Incorrect)

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Usually, past perfect tense comes in main clause and simple past in subordinate clause

We had done the exercise when the teacher came back to class.

Main clause

Past perfect tenseSubordinate clauseSimple past tense

They had watched a movie before they went to bed.

The burglars had robbed the bank by the time the police arrived.

When I got to the airport, the plane had already left.

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Sometimes the past perfect tense could be in a subordinate clause

After they had had lunch, they took a nap.Subordinate clause Past perfect tense

Main clauseSimple past tense

First action Second action

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The conjunctions after and before

If the conjunctions after and before are used in a complex sentence, there could beSimple past tense in both clauses.

They had passed the entry test before they joined the IHLP class.They passed the entry test before they joined the IHLP class.

We drank green tea after we had eaten dinner.We drank tea after we ate dinner.

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A little confusion with the conjunction (after)

She turned on the TV after she had done the laundry.After she had done the laundry, she turned on the TV.

Second action First action

She did the laundry after she had turned on the TV.After she had turned on the TV, she did the laundry.

First actionSecond action

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The use of past perfect tense in compound sentences

See the deference.

He has failed the entry test, so he is not allowed to join the IHLP class.He had failed the entry test, so he was not allowed to join the IHLP class.

He has been very sick, yet he doesn`t want to see a doctor. He had been very sick, yet he didn`t want to see a doctor.

He has been sent to jail, for he is a criminal.He had been sent to jail, for he was a criminal.

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Keep in mind that

even if you spend your entire life learning English, at the end, you will realize there is still more to be learned.

Good luck and God bless you all

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Thanks for

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