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SOLAR WATER HEATER

Presentation

WHAT IS A SOLAR WATER HEATER?

A solar water heater is extremely simple.

On a typical single-family residence, there will typically be one or two solar collector panels on the roof. The panels resemble skylights, and will be about 4 feet wide and 8 to 10 feet long. The cold water supply is connected to the solar storage tank. Water to be heated circulates between the storage tank and the solar collectors. The output from the solar storage tank becomes the cold water connection to the conventional gas, electric or oil water heater. When a hot tap is opened, pre-heated water is drawn from storage into the conventional ("auxiliary") water heater. The burner or electric element turns on only if the temperature cannot be maintained by the solar heater. Most properly-designed solar water heaters will supply 70 per cent or more of all the energy needed for water heating. Solar water heater produces hot water using energy from sunlight. Hot water is used for different applications, domestic as well as industrial. By using solar water heaters, we can save the electricity and in turn save a lot of money.

How It WorksSolar Water heater consists of mainly 2 parts. One is the collector and other is Insulated tank. The cold water in the collector get heated up and collected in the tank by thermo siphon principle. This circulation continue till the water in the tank heated up to 60-80° centigrade. The hot water in the tank remains hot for more than 48 hours

There are two types of Solar Water Heater

Flat Plate Collector Type ( FPC )

Evacuated Tube Collector ( ETC

Why MAX SUN POWER USING ETC ?

ETC technology which is the most advanced and state of art technology in Solar Water heaters. The efficiency is more than in a flat plate solar water heater. ETC water heaters produce hot water even in winter / rainy days. The main part of ETC solar water heaters are a Stainless steel PUF insulated tank and Evacuated Glass tube collectors. The vacuum tubes are with different diameter and length according to applications. In pressurized systems heat pipes are used.

ETC

Sl.no

Facts Evacuated Tube collector

Flat plate Collector

1 Sun tracking Auto sun tracking due to circular shape of the vacuum tubes

Not possible due to flat design

2 Absorption area per day

More Less

3 Water Quality bore well/hard water

No scaling Scaling maintenance required

4 Drink ability Yes No5 Hot water In 2 hours In 3 hours6 Space required

for 100 LPDOverall length 6 ft Length approx 10

ft7 Effect of weather

conditionsEfficient in rainy&cloudy days

Less efficient in rainy&cloudy days

8 Installation Easy Tedious9 Structure Stain less Steel Mild steel10 Efficiency Very high 10% less than ETC11 Collector Vacuum tube Copper tubes12 Heat loss at night 3 to 4 degree 5 to 8 degree13 Weight 100 LPD 60Kg 75Kg14 Maintenance Very less Required once in 3

years

Comparison of Flat Plate/Evacuated Tube Collector

Vacuum tube solar water heater working principle

Solar water heater is all glass vacuum tube, heat preservation water tank, bracket three parts. The core component is the all-glass vacuum collector tube, which consists of two concentric circle of the special hard glass tube borosilicate composition, and the inner wall of glass vacuum coating process by magnetron sputtering coating, the coating on the sun Selective absorption of light, its absorption ratio ≥ 0.92, emission ratio ≤ 0.09 (80 ℃), with a high absorption rate and low emissivity. Vacuum tube to absorb solar radiation into heat energy, the use of water density than cold water, cold water sink, hot water up the characteristics of the formation of cold water in the vacuum tube from top to bottom, bottom of the natural water cycle The temperature of the entire water tank to gradually increase, reach ascertain temperature.

Solar Water Heater Benefits

Fuel Savings A 100 liters capacity SWH saves 1500 units of electricity annually.

Environmental benefits A SWH of 100 liters capacity can prevent emission of 1.5 tonnes of CO2 per year.

Payback period 3-4 years when electricity is replaced, 5-6 years when coal is replaced

COPARISSION COSTS FOR EACH SYSTEM

FPC 125 LPD

ETC 130 LPD

Conventional

Storage

System

Initial Cost in Rs. 25000 20165 6000

Installation Cost 3000 3000 500One time Maintanance Cost 1000 1000 700

Operational Expediture/year 0 0 1080*

Note: *Assuming 4Kwh usage for nine months. 

In calculating the payback period, it is assumed that the conventional geyser of 2 kW capacity is used for two hours a day and the unit cost of electricity is `4. From Figure 24, one can see that the payback period for an ETC system used for nine months a year is approximately two and a half years (here the annual abatement of electricity is 1,080 kWh), and three and a half years when used for six months. At present, an FPC system costs approximately twice that of an ETC system, and so the payback period will be significantly higher 

Prepaid By : Karthik Madhavan B.EDesign Engineer ( solar )

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