New Julie Croft Turkeybisstudents.cratercomets.com/.../work-samples/CroftJ_IMP.pdf · 2017. 3. 23. · very historical nation, dating back to over 1200 BC, ... Samarra Iraq who has

Julie Croft Turkey

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Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………2

Issue……………………………………………………………………………………………....3

Syrian Refugee Relief (SRR)…………………………………………………………………….4

Geographical Area Analysis……………………………………………………………………..6

Economic Analysis………………………………………………………………………………7

Political System………………………………………………………………………………....15

Trade Laws……………………………………………………………………………………...17

Population……………………………………………………………………………………….18

Diet and Nutrition……………………………………………………………………………….21

Housing and Communications…………………………………………………………………..23

Transportation…………………………………………………………………………………...24

Labor…………………………………………………………………………………………….26

Education………………………………………………………………………………………..28

Clothing…………………………………………………………………………………………30

Recreation and Leisure………………………………………………………………………….31

Language………………………………………………………………………………………..33

Religion…………………………………………………………………………………………34

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………….35

Non-Profit - Print Ad……………………………………………………………………………39

Issue Brochure…………………………………………………………………………………..40

Recipes…………………………………………………………………………………………..41

Etiquette…………………………………………………………………………………………42

Country Selection Letter………………………………………………………………………...43

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Introduction

Turkey is very lucky to be located where it is. As the bridge that connects Eastern Europe to Western Asia, there are extreme amounts of opportunity for not only the citizens of Turkey, but also the government. Being that it is in such an important area for trade and travel, Turkey is a pretty well developed country with not too many issues. However, the neighboring countries do put a bit of pressure on the Turkish government and the citizens themselves. As a result of all the chaos occurring in Syria in the last few years, Turkey has come to a tough situation because there are millions of Syrian refugees flooding the Turkish border.

The Syrian Refugee Relief has been created to provide for those refugees in Turkey who don't have much, and for those in Turkey who are running out of the resources to provide for the refugees. Being that the U.S. has many of the resources and equipment necessary to help those in Turkey, it is an amazing opportunity for Americans to step in and help out.

Because so many countries border Syria, it is no question as to why so many refugees are running to Turkey in the first place. The Turkish government is very accepting of these refugees, however it does throw the balance of everything off a little bit. Turkey has been working on becoming part of the European Union for several years now, and the process is still in action. A few years ago, before the refugee situation became of importance, the Turkish government was fairly stable and had no major concerns. As well as the history of Turkey in its entirety, there have never been any serious problems, although it did take a while for the country itself to develop completely.

Turkey’s economy, government, and society has developed immensely in the last 30 years. As a very historical nation, dating back to over 1200 BC, Turkey has become much more similar to modern day London or even the United States. It is a popular tourist destination due to all the ancient architectures and fascinating stories of the early Christian churches, and its beautiful tropical beaches to its rugged mountain terrane. Because of these amazing sites and it's paradise-like weather, there is always something to do or somewhere to explore in Turkey.

As the country has developed over the last few thousand years or so, many historical aspects of Turkey have changes, just like any other country. Just about a thousand years ago, a majority of the Turkish population followed Jesus Christ, but today, 99.8% of Turks follow the Islamic faith. This, however does not impact the government or society too much. In more recent years, Turkey has become much more secular.

Turkey is a country that is not only strong, but welcoming and caring for its neighbors. As Syria goes through this trial, Turkey has continues to be that welcoming and caring neighbor, but unfortunately that has slightly backfired on them. The best thing to do is to be that caring friend to those in Turkey who are going through such a drastic change in their lives.

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Issue

There is absolutely no doubt as to why Syrians are fleeing their country. There is a civil war going on, ISIS is killing thousands of Turks, both Russia has been bombing and killing thousands of them, and they have a dictator as their leader. Syria is not in great shape and the people that once called Syria “home” are looking for a new home now, and they need to find a new one fast. Syrian refugees are relocating everywhere. This humanitarian crisis began in 2011 and in just about 5 years over 13 million Syrians have either been killed or left the country. There are families running to many neighboring countries such as Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and the majority to Turkey. Not only are the Syrian refugees in need, but because there are so many arriving in Turkey, the Turks are now needing help as well (mercycorps).

ISIS, or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is an extremist group who believes in a one world government. ISIS began in June of 2014 by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, a 44 year old man born in Samarra Iraq who has claimed to be the caliph of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. A caliph is one who is considered a religious successor of Muhammad. As the proclaimed, caliph, al-Baghdadi has required all Muslims to follow him and his orders. As of 2015, ISIS has control of a majority of the land in Iraq and Syria, and anywhere from 2.8 to 8 million followers. There have been over 55,000 casualties and over 3,000 people reported to be held captive. Not only is this a major problem in Iraq and Syria, but because the Syrians are leaving their country, it is affecting the countries they are running to. Turkey, out of the several countries taking in these refugees, is struggling to keep up with all those wanting to enter the country.

Out of the 4.8 million Syrians who have fled their country, 2.7 million of those have gone to Turkey. Syrians began entering Turkey when the Turkish government was working on meeting the requirements of the European Union immigration standards. Because of this, the Turkish government has had a difficult time allowing so many refugees to stay in Turkey and caring for them all. In mid-2011, there were only about 15,000 Syrians staying in tent cities near the border of Turkey and Syria, however those numbers continued to rise. Turks were very welcoming to the refugees and figured the crisis would end soon, so they wouldn't have to house them for too long, but as the crisis continues, Turks are finding it harder to care for the refugees. Although out of all the countries hosting refugees Turkey has given them the most comfortable housing and opportunities such as recreational and educational activities, as the refugee population continues to increase, more and more refugees are not getting the necessary living requirements.

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Above is a graph of the increasing number of registered Syrian refugees from 2012 to 2016 (http://data.unhcr.org/). As humans, our desire should be to help others. The Syrian refugees, and the Turkish government are struggling and we can do so much to help them out and show our support. The refugees need supplies like food, water, toiletries, and first aid kits, and the Turkish government needs help providing those items. There is no saying when ISIS is going to stop or be stopped, so it is up to those who have the resources available and the loving and caring mindset to help those in need. ISIS is an evil group who is destroying the lives of millions of Syrians, so the least we could do is provide the simple, small, items to the refugees in Turkey.

The humanitarian crisis occurring in Syria today is one that cannot be ignored. The result of this crisis is affecting countries all around Syria and out of this comes our call, as Americans who have the resources needed, to help these refugees and the people of Turkey who can’t do it on their own. Joined together, we can make an immense impact in the lives of not only the refugees, but the entire population of Turkey, and possibly the surrounding countries as well.

Syrian Refugee Relief (SRR)

Mission Statement

Providing living necessities to Syrian refugees in Turkey. What We Do

Those working with the Syrian Refugee Relief believe that it is our duty to make a positive difference in the lives of those in, and out, of any trials and tribulations. SRR is dedicated to serving others and helping refugees in Turkey and the Turkish government in any way possible. Through dedication and hopefulness, it is certain that the lives of many refugees and Turks will be changed. In Galatians 5:13 the Apostle Paul writes, “You, my brothers and sisters, were

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called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh, rather, serve one another humbly in love.”

SRR has committed their time to serving those in Turkey by sending not only the supplies that the refugees need, but also sending American teams who are willing and ready to serve the refugees directly. These teams are sent from churches all around the U.S. for anywhere from one week to three months to be there to take care of, provide stability, and encourage the Syrian refugees. Along with this, Clif Bar and Company, a well know organic food and drink manufacturer here in the States, and Johnson and Johnson, an American medical device and pharmaceutical manufacture, have generously offered to team up with SRR to supply those in Turkey who need it most.

Ways You Can Help

1. Support our Sponsors

• On the last Sunday of each month, half the profits from all Clif Bar and Johnson and Johnson products sold will go towards supplying the refugees with what they need.

• They will also be sending gift baskets to the refugee camps full of Clif Bars, and many different products from Johnson and Johnson including toothpaste, lotion, first aid kits, and more.

2. Volunteer

• You can be on American team being sent to Turkey to help at the refugee camps. By finding a church that sends teams there, you can fly out to Turkey, for just the cost of the plane ticket, and spend time directly helping the refugees.

• For more information on finding a church, visit [email protected]

3. Donate

• Simply donating any amount of money to SRR can make an outstanding impact.

• 75% of all donations go directly towards providing for the refugees in Turkey, while the remaining 25% goes towards providing for the Americans at the camps helping.

Partnerships

Clif Bar and Company and Johnson and Johnson - As previously mentioned, Clif Bar and Company is a well know organic food and drink manufacturer in the U.S. who is most well known for their popular product, the CLIF Bar, and Johnson and Johnson, an American medical device and pharmaceutical manufacture, have partnered with us to provide resources to the Syrian Refugees.

Syrian American Medical Society - An organization who provides medical care to those in Syrian and the surrounding countries such as Lebanon, Jordan, and Turkey. In 2013, 99% of all their profits went directly towards refugees.

Islamic Relief USA - Just like SRR, the Islamic Relief USA, otherwise known as Syrian Humanitarian Aid, provides food, shelter, housing necessities, and medical care to refugees in Syria’s neighboring countries.

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Geographical Area Analysis

From the beautiful rivers and waterfalls in Antalya, to the tropical shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and the breathtaking site of Mt. Ararat, Turkey is a country with a wide variety when it comes to the geography, topography, and climate. With the weather ranging from hot and dry summers on the Mediterranean coastline, to cool, wet, winters further in central Turkey to warm, tropical weather around the Black Sea, you’ll never be disappointed with the outstanding weather and views that Turkey has to offer (Turkey's Physical Geography).

Because of the convenient location of Turkey, there is no problem when it comes to foreign trade and travel. Turkey is, in a sense, a bridge from Southeastern Europe to the Northwestern countries of Asia, so the water that surrounds half of the country makes is easier for boats to sail in and out of the area. Because of this, Turkey is a great country for imports and exports as opposed to countries like the Czech Republic, or Mongolia because those countries are landlocked so it is harder to transport items in and out of the country. According to an article on European Commission, the European Union (EU) is Turkey’s number one import and export partner, while Turkey is the EU’s seventh top import partner and fifth top export partner. Turkey’s main imports come from China; EU; Iran; Russia; South Korea; and the United States, and are mostly shipments of machinery and transport materials, manufactured goods, and chemical products (European).

The weather in Turkey varies drastically depending on which part of the country you’re in and the time of year it is. For instance, in Western Turkey, near the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas, the climate is pretty moderate with summer temperatures in the 75℉ - 80℉ range and winter temperatures getting down to just 40℉. In the coastal region, near the Black Sea, summers and winters have a much more tropical feel to them with the air being humid and the temperatures being a bit warmer, ranging from 85℉ in the summer and 50℉ in the winter. In the center of Turkey, on the Anatolian Plateau, the climate is much more like a desert with the temperatures changing substantially between the sunrise and sunset. The average temperature in the summer is about 75℉ while in the winter it gets as low as 27℉. Just east of the Anatolian Plateau, it is much colder with winters down at 8℉ and summers only reaching around 60℉ (Turkey). As mentioned previously, Turkey’s imports are typically machinery and manufactured goods, this is because in the flat lowlands of Turkey, the soil is deep and fertile, making it a great place for crops (Agriculture).

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Despite the rolling hills in the Turkish Thrace, and the flat coastal regions near the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, Turkey is covered in mountain ranges. Because of the many mountain ranges in central Turkey, distribution of goods may be difficult at times, especially during the winter months when there is several feet of snow covering the ground. On the other side of that topographical spectrum, there are many great opportunities for marketing in the most populated cities of Turkey, such as Ankara, Istanbul, and Izmir, because these big cities are not located in the center of the country where the main mountain ranges are located. Turkey is one of the world's leading producers in the agricultural market, producing items such as textiles, construction materials, motor vehicles, and other transportation equipment (bigloveturkey). Although the mountain ranges may get in the way at times, Turkey seems to find a way around them.

Turkey has it all when it comes to the geography, weather, and topography of the country. From the beautiful blue waters and sunny skies in the coastal regions, to the outstanding sight of the mountains, to the many opportunities for retail and marketing throughout the majority of the country, there is no room for disappointments when looking at all that Turkey has to offer. All of the different aspects to enjoy about the country makes it hard to turn down the desire to come and be a part of it.

Geographical Benefits:

• Mediterranean climate and coastal regions provide great tourist attractions.

• Rolling hills ensure ideal farming land.

• Location of Turkey gives easy access to major energy resources.

• Natural location attracts visitors from western and eastern countries.

• Surrounding water allows easy imports and exports.

Economic Analysis

Classification: Capitalist (Parliamentary Republic)

While Turkey would generally be classified as a capitalist country, it is not completely capitalist. In fact, Turkey is specifically known as a parliamentary republic, meaning that the executive branch of the government gains its power, in a sense, from the legislative branch of the government. Because Turkey is a republic, not a democracy, it is difficult to classify it as just capitalist, socialist, or communist. Turkey is generally a free-market economy with the state involvement in industry, transportation, banking and communication decreasing over the last several years, however, the government still owns corporations like the railways, airports, and many major satellite and cable companies (World Factbook).

The information provided below will go into detail on Turkey’s government spending and how that compares to similar countries.

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Renewable Resources:

• Hydroelectric power, or hydropower, captured the energy that flowing water produces. Turkey, and many other places, build dams in rivers to store water for this power.

• Biomass is the process of burning wood, animal waste, coal, and other natural resources to create energy in the form of carbon dioxide. Turkey’s most available source is wood.

• Wind power is the source of energy created through windmills to produce electricity. There are a total of 1,330 windmills in Turkey, which saves the country from spending millions of dollars on natural gas (ScienceDirect).

Non-Renewable Resources:

• Oil is taken out of the ground and used to power objects. Turkey has a few oil fields in Anatolia where the oil is processed and used to operate motor vehicles and such.

• Coal is generally burned to create energy to generate electricity. While Turkey uses coal for electricity, it is also put into new coal fired power station that are currently being built.

• Some areas have nuclear power plants to generate energy. Currently Turkey does not have this resource, however plans to build a nuclear power plant are in action and it is scheduled to be finished in 2020 (ScienceDirect).

Industries:

• The textile industry is the production of yarn, cloth, and clothing. Turkey is Europe's largest textile manufacturer and provides many of the world's name brand clothing such as H&M and Adidas. In 2006, Turkish textile companies made clothing exports worth $13.98 billion USD.

• Food processing is an industry that turns raw ingredients such as wheat or animals into food. A few major food processing companies would include Tyson Foods Inc., Coca-Cola Co, and Kraft Foods Inc. In 2014, Turkey made $57.2 billion USD in the agriculture and food industry. Turkey is currently the world's 7th largest agricultural producer.

• The automobile industry is the design, selling, and everything in between, of motor vehicles. Turkey is more involved in the manufacturing portion of this industry, and exports nearly $20 billion USD worth motor vehicle parts. Some of the major manufacturers include International Harvester and Devrim.

GNP and/or GDP Official Exchange Rate:

In 2015, Turkey’s GDP was at $1.578 trillion USD

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The graph above shows the total GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of Turkey in comparison to Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Iran, which are all countries similar to Turkey in size political system, economic development (World Factbook).

The graph above show the top three cities in turkey with the highest Income per Capita. These cities make the most money from its industries out of all the cities in Turkey (World Factbook).

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GDP real growth rate is a measure of economic growth within a certain amount of time. As shown in the graph above, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa’s GDP growth rate has increased, while Iran’s had dropped significantly over the last few years (World Factbook).

The graph above shows Turkey’s Gross National Income per Capita compared to the United States, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Iran. It is clear here that the United States and Saudi Arabia the GNI per capita is much higher that Turkey, South Africa, and Iran. Turkey’s GNI per capita is only $19,560 USD as of 2014 (World Factbook).

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The following Trade Statistics will go in depth on Turkey’s major imports and exports, trade balance, exchange rates, and more.

Major Exports:

• Cars

• Vehicle Parts

• Raw Iron Bars

• Delivery Trucks

• Jewelry

The graph above shows the top five major exports of Turkey (Atlas Media).

Dollar Value of Exports

As of 2014, Turkey has exported $165 billion USD worth of products.

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The graph above shows Turkey’s top five major export partners (Atlas Media). Major Imports:

• Refined Petroleum

• Cars

• Gold

• Scrap Iron

• Petroleum Gas

The graph above shows the top five major imports of Turkey (Atlas Media).

Dollar Value of Imports

As of 2014, Turkey has imported $217 billion USD worth of products.

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The graph above shows Turkey’ top five major import partners (Atlas Media).

Problems of Scarcity

Turkey lacks a few essential resources that they have to import into the country to meet their specific needs. Some of these resources include refined petroleum, cars, gold, scrap iron, and petroleum gas, which they get from countries such as Germany, Russia, China, etc. Turkey also lacks some energy resources such as oil and gas deposits, which is why as of 2010, Turkey imported around 70% of the resources it needed to meet its needs (Kutluksaman).

Balance of Payments

Turkey has a negative trade balance of $51.2 billion as of 2014 because it imports more than it exports (Atlas Media).

Trade Balance

In 1995 Turkey had a trade deficit of $11.6 billion. In just about 20 years, this deficit has significantly jumped to $51.2 billion. Often times, trade deficits correct themselves after a while, however this is not the case with Turkey (Atlas Media). Balance of Payments is important to understand because it doesn’t just apply to imports and exports, it can also be beneficial in everyday situations. When trading, it is necessary to be aware of how much you are spending and how much you are receiving because it is easy to lose track and fall into debt.

Exchange Rates

An exchange rate is the value of a currency do that it can be transferred to another currency. Fixed exchange rates are useful because with these, countries always know the exchange rate which makes the investment much simpler and less risky. In contrast to that, fixed exchange rates can lead to deflation and policy conflicts with other countries and investors. Some countries currency could not be as valuable or more valuable that another country, which could make trading difficult at times (sanandres).

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Name of Currency

Currency in Turkey is known as Turkish Lira.

Current Rate of Exchange

1 USD is equal to 2.97 Turkish Lira.

The graph above shows the inflation rate of five different countries. Typically, a normal inflation rate is about 3.00%. It is clear that Iran has an incredibly high inflation rate of 59.02%, while Turkey’s inflation rate is at 8.81%, South Africa at 4.60%, and Saudi Arabia just above the average at 3.77%. The United States is the only country out of the five that is below the inflation rate with only 0.90% inflation (statista).

The graph above shows the unemployment rate of five different countries. The unemployment rate is measured by how many people in the country who are unemployed divided by the total

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number of people who are able to be employed. There is a notable difference between a more developed country, like the United States, compared to South Africa, who is struggling a bit (statista).

Political System

Introduction

The Republic of Turkey’s constitution, adopted in 1982, sets out rules and guidelines for not only the Turkish government, but Turkish citizens as well. The government is divided into the Executive Branch, where a new president is elected every five years, the Legislative Branch, where new members are elected every four years, and the Judicial Branch, whose cabinet is appointed by the president. Because Turkey is a part of NATO and a candidate for the EU, it has strong relations with many European, Asian, African, Middle Eastern, and Latin American countries (globaledge).

Government Type/Political Structure

Turkey is a Parliamentary Republic, meaning that the executive branch of government gets its democratic legitimacy from the legislative branch of the government. There are many variations of a Parliamentary Republic. In Turkey, the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the President is the head of state (World Factbook). Branches of Government

There are three separate branches of government in the Republic of Turkey. Similar to the United States, the Turkish government consists of the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches of government. The Legislative Branch is composed of the 550 people in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. This Assembly deals with the adoption of new laws and the repeal of old ones. Elections for this branch of government are held every four years. The Judicial Branch of the Turkish government bases their work on the rules and laws found in the country's constitution. This branch consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeals, the Council of State, the Supreme Military Court of Appeals, the Supreme Military Administrative Court and the Court of Jurisdictional Conflicts. Lastly, the Executive Branch of government is divided into two parts- the President, and the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. The President represents the Turkish nation, and the Prime Minister and the cabinet deal with the internal and foreign policies of the state (invest).

Top Political Parties in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

1. Justice and Development Party - A social conservative party that has recently abandoned the tradition of Islamism. Also the largest party in Turkey with 316 parliament members.

2. Republican People's Party - Also known as the People’s Party, this party is the oldest in Turkey and is a social-liberal as well as a social-democratic political party.

3. Nationalist Movement Party - A party with a far-right political view, meaning that this view opposes socialism and social-democracy. It is a conservative group

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that formed in 1969.

Leadership

1. Head of State: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

2. Chairman of Turkish Grand National Assembly: Speaker İsmail Kahraman

3. Head of Government: Prime Minister Binali Yildirim

Stability of Government

Because of its location between Europe and Asia, Turkey has had a bit of difficulty staying with one type of government. Up until 1938, Turkey was making progress towards a democratic government and a market economy, however that changed when President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk died. Turkey has been striving to join the European Union since then. There has been an ongoing guerrilla war between the Kurdish separatists and the Turkish government since the 1980’s (bbc). Legal System

In Turkey, civilian and military jurisdiction is separated.

Suffrage

Turkish citizens may vote at 18 years of age. Women in Turkey won the right to vote on March 30, 1930 and just four years later, they were able to participate in parliamentary elections (Wikipedia). Flag

(www.flagladyusa.com)

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There are myths, legends, and stories about the Turkish flag, so it is somewhat difficult to understand the true meaning behind it. The color red is commonly put on Turkish flags, and the star and crescent are typically an Islamic symbol. The basic form of the Turkish flag was established in 1793 (allaboutturkey).

Trade Laws

Introduction

A tariff is a tax or duty that should be paid on imports or exports. This is basically an added value to the price of the goods imported and exported. In some countries, the tariff rates are much higher than in other countries. If a country imports the goods from the United States, often times there is no tariff because the U.S. has a free trade agreement (FTA). Although the U.S. is one of Turkey’s biggest importers, tariffs and taxes will always be relevant, as well as in most other countries. Because the Turkish imports are much higher than their exports, at $240.4 billion USD as of 2014, they have many more restrictions when it comes to importing goods (export). Tariffs or Taxes

As of 2014, Turkey has a trade balance of -84,555 million USD. This is because Turkey imports more than it exports. As far as tax fees go, most industries in Turkey have a value added tax (VAT) rate of 18% on most imported and domestic goods and service. However, in the textile industry, the VAT is only at 8%. Turkey has many tariffs on textiles, apparel, footwear, and travel goods. Some of these include yarn, such as silk, wool, and cotton, as well as woven fabrics, industrial fabric, home furnishings, and more (International Trade Administration). Trade Laws Licensing - Import licenses were once required to import items into Turkey, but as of since 1996, an import license is not required for importers. Before this law was abolished, Importers in Turkey were required to have an import license and they must receive authorization from a bank. Now, only a tax number is required for importers. With this Turks can import everything except items such as firearms and hazardous materials, for these are restricted items. Only restricted items may be imported by authorized establishments or if an importer has approval from the Directorate General of Security. Control certificates are required for agricultural imports. This certificate is issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs’ General Directorate of Protection and Control. Documentation of imports must also be available (Global Trade). Trade Agreements - In 2005, Turkey applied to be a part of the European Union (EU). It is known to take about 10 to 15 years to completely be considered part of the EU, so Turkey is still waiting. Since 1996, Turkey has had a customs union agreement with the EU, which has improved the Turkish economic efficiency. Turkey has recently signed Free Trade Agreements with the countries who are members with the EFTA as the process of finalizing agreements to join the EU. On the other side of things, Tukey is a founding member a many different corporations such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Southern Europe Cooperative Initiative (Global Trade).

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Labeling and Marketing Requirements - There are many rules and requirements for labeling and marketing in Turkey. Some of these include that all packages, bales, and cases must have shipping marks and other tags in order enter or exit the country. Any packages that have to be shipped through Turkey must have the label “In Transit.” Along with this, all shipments entering Turkey goes through customs to be cleared, where full payment of duty is required unless the shipment is just passing through the country (Global Trade). Many countries have requirements very similar, if not the same, to Turkish labeling and marketing requirements.

Population

Introduction

Introduce this section by explaining the three (3) statistics you think (from the ones listed below) are the most pertinent in making the case to expand business in your country

Total Population

The total population of Turks is 79,414,269. Growth Rates

The growth rates of a country are how rapidly the country's population is increasing, or decreasing, in a year.

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Birth Rates

Shown above is the average number of children born yearly in Turkey, Thailand, and Iran, which all have similar population sizes. Turkey has an average birth rate, however, Iran's birth rate is slightly high. This is possibly because they do not have great means of birth control. On the other side of the spectrum, Thailand’s birth rate is a bit lower than Turkey’s. This is because the fertility rate in Thailand is low.

Life Expectancy Rates

The life expectancy rate in Turkey is in the mid 70’s which is an average amount to live. The country is more developed than others, such as Iran, so the life expectancy isn't as low as Iran’s. If Turkey were to be struggling with many viruses and diseases, the life expectancy could be much lower.

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Distribution of Population

The distribution of population between men and women in Turkey is pretty equal in almost every age category. There is not too much segregation when it comes to gender in the country. Five Most Populated Cities

The most populated city in Turkey with a total population of 14,160,467 people is Istanbul. Istanbul has an area of 2,063 miles and is located in the North-West part of Turkey, near Bulgaria. This large city is surrounded by water with some beautiful sites to see. One of the most famous structures in Istanbul is the Sultan Ahmed Mosque or otherwise known as the “Blue Mosque.” Ankara is another very populated city with a total of 4.9 million people. Ankara has an area of 9,468 miles and is in the norther part of Turkey. Izmir is the third most populated city with a population of 2.8 million people. Izmir is on the west coast right next to some warm beaches (Wikipedea).

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Diet and Nutrition

Typical Meals

Turkish cuisine has lasted thousands of years and has been quite popular among a majority of the world's population. It has great Mediterranean and Greek influences which would include many dishes containing rice and meat, as well as putting yogurt and different types of sauces on a lot of meals. For breakfast, there is usually some melon, cucumbers, tomatoes, breads and cheese. Turkey is famous for their delicious kebabs and cooking their meat on a giant skewer with plenty of vegetables to enjoy on the side. Just in the last thirty years, Turkey has been introduced to many different fast food restaurants, and the country will continue to expand even more in the future. Meat Consumption per Capita

The graph above shows the consumption of meat per person in Turkey, Switzerland, Greece, and South Africa as of 2009 (chartsbin). The amount of meat varies depending on the country because the diet and nutrition in each country is different even though each of these countries are similar in their growth and development.

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Obesity Rate

The obesity rate of Turkey, Sweden, Greece, and Germany, as shown above in the graph, is not too out of control because of the diet that is most common in these countries. Although they may have heavy or dense food, it is nothing compared to the 30.6% obesity rate that we have in the United States. Daily Calorie Intake per Capita

As you can tell by the graph above, the daily calorie intake per person per day is pretty similar between the four countries listed. The United States isn’t much higher their calorie intake being 3,770 kilocalories per person per day (chartsbin).

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Housing and Communications

Introduction

Because Turkey is a mostly developed country, there is not much within the housing and communications category of life that affects them too drastically. Turkey’s houses are usually built for a family dynamic, meaning that a lot of the items being sold for housing and communication is typically meant for families. The business world in Turkey doesn’t suffer in the housing and communications section because Turkish housing isn’t that far off from any ordinary home in the United States. Homes in Turkey are an average size, and Turks often welcome foreign travelers to stay in their house if the traveler does not have a place to stay (Croft).

Typical Housing Structures

The housing in Turkey is greatly influenced by the climate and the traditional Turkish culture. The houses in Turkey in most recent years are beginning to look a bit more modern, however, most of the traditionally built homes today remain in Anatolia. Each of the traditional homes were built from natural and inorganic materials. In northern Anatolia, wood was used to construct the houses. In Central Anatolia, there are mostly stone and brick houses; and in South Anatolia, there are both wood and stone houses. There was though put into building each home in Turkey because of all the different climates. The interior of the houses change depending on the climate it is in, weather tropical or snowy. As well as being built to withstand whether, Turkish home are also built to house families. There are often multiple rooms and spacious areas for children to play in and out of the house (turkishculture). Housing Statistics

The graph above shows the general amount of people to one room in four different, diversely developed countries (Nation Master).

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Out of the four countries listed above, Turkey is one of the top urbanized countries, meaning that it has come a long way in its development. This implies that there may be bigger cities and more buildings (Nation Master).

Communications

As of 2014, there are over 12 million people with telephones in their homes and over 70 million with cell phones. Along with this, about 46% of the Turkish population uses the internet. This is over 36 million people, which are most likely those under the age of 35. A 2009 statistic states that there are 1,090 radio broadcast stations and 251 television broadcast stations. Seeing that it has been almost seven years since this statistic was updated, these numbers have most likely increased substantially. As far as technology goes, Turkey is pretty up to date with everything (World Factbook).

Transportation

There are many different methods of transportation all throughout Turkey. Some of the most common of these include motorcycles and mopeds, railways, and cars. There are plenty of daily regular passenger trains across the country, and there is a high speed network being built between the capital city, Ankara, and Istanbul. As of 2010, over ten million Turks use a car of some sort, and over 3 million use a motorcycle or moped as a source of transportation. In the cities, as there are great amounts of traffic, there are those who choose to walk to avoid the hassle of driving. As a few other methods of transportation, boats and airplanes are also used. There are just under 100 airports in Turkey and about 1,200 km of waterways (Wikipedia).

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Transportation Analysis

Turkey is a developed country, so the majority of the roads are paved, with only a few in the more rural parts of the country left unpaved.

Because it is a European country, there are many more railways in Turkey compared to the United States. There are also quite a few waterways, being that a good amount of Turkey is surrounded by water.

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There are many more airports than ships in the country, as well as most other countries in the world because it is, in fact, the 21st century.

Labor

Job Market and Availability

The Turkish population is, on average, an even distribution of males and females, largely between the ages of 10 to 55. Out of the 77 million people in Turkey, just about 30 million are in the labor force. There are no limits to getting a job in Turkey, however if you are a foreigner, you must have a work permit before you are able to begin working. Employment is available for Turks at the age of 15, although some start working part-time jobs at as young as 13 years old if they are attending school (invest). The workplace in Turkey is much like the workplace in America. Job owners show up to work in the morning, do their job, and go home in the evening. But, while the work time may be similar, the holidays and vacation time are quite different. Most employees, not including those with part-time jobs or English teachers, only get two weeks of vacation time each year. It takes many years of dedication and quality work to increase the vacation time, and most Turks do not take time off from work during holidays (justlanded).

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Because many women stay home with kids, there are many more men in the workforce as of 2012 (bls). Industries

Turkey has one of the largest economies in the world with their biggest markets being in manufacturing, agriculture and tourism. Most recently, the rate growth of the economy in turkey has slowed down a bit, but they are still in a great position with their job opportunities and workforce. There are also many jobs for foreigners such as Americans wanting to teach English. The location of Turkey is also very beneficial for its job market because it is the bridge from Europe to Asia so there are many people on both sides of Turkey wanting to settle down there and get a great job.

Workday

As mentioned previously, the Turkish work environment is very similar to that of the United States. The standard work week is about 45 hours a week, Monday through Friday, with an average amount of vacation time. However, this does change depending on the job. Corporate jobs tend to have these typical work hours, but foreign job owners, such as those in the tourism industry, work much more than 45 hours a week. Part-time employees tend to work seven days a week because they do, in fact, work only part of the time. The Turkish work environment is generally very traditional, so activities such as gift giving is not something that is often done. Turks are punctual people when it comes to their job and have a business like attire as well. There is most definitely a professional atmosphere when it comes to the typical workday in Turkey (businessculture).

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Education

General Description

Education in Turkey is encouraged for all boys and girls in the country.The general education system in Turkey is quite similar to the way it is done in the United States. Since 2012, twelve years of schooling is the standard amount among students and it is typically wise to go beyond the standard amount and attend a university. Students generally begin the school year in mid-September and end in mid-June with a few short breaks throughout the school year. They are in class Monday through Friday for about seven to eight hours a day. The education system is split into two main categories: Formal Education and Non-formal Education. Formal education is the general schooling consisting of pre-primary education, primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education. Non-formal Education is schooling for students taught by a network of training centers who are certified by the Ministry of National Education, or MNB (allaboutturkey).

Enrollment Levels

As you can tell by the graph above, Turkey’s Enrollment ratio for students in high school is much lower than that of the United States. However, there is still above an 80% enrollment for Turkish children.

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As well as Secondary school, there is also a lower percentage of students moving on to university after high school. This may be because of financial issues, but there are still high percentages for each type of schooling. Literacy Rates

The literacy rate in Turkey, as shown above, is a small percentage lower than the literacy rate in the United States. This is most likely because only recently has the education system in Turkey greatly improved, leaving some of the older generations there illiterate.

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Chosen Statistic

The years of enrollment in these very developed countries are, on average, pretty similar. The age in which children in China conclude their primary and tertiary schooling is a bit lower than the other three countries listed above. Evaluation

Although Turkey’s education system is not quite up to the level of the United States, it is still not in a bad place. In recent years, Turkish children are getting the necessary education needed to move on to schooling above the high school level. The reason the percentage of all things education in Turkey is less than the United States is because Turkey was not as developed as America, resulting in lower rankings all around. Turkey has been up to speed with its education system in the last several years, and students are improving everyday.

Clothing

Business Attire

Business attire in Turkey is the same as any other developed country. It is a very conservative style where men wear suits and ties and women wear professional outfits as well. Shorts should never be worn in a business setting and women should refrain from showing too much of their legs and arms. Because the weather changes depending on where in the country you are, the dress code changes slightly with it. In the more hot and humid areas of Turkey, it is acceptable to wear a short sleeved shirt and in most cases a tie is not required. Women may also wear lighter clothing, keeping in mind that it cannot be too tight or revealing (Executive Planet).

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Ceremonial Attire While Turks generally wear casual clothes, however this changes if they are planning to enter a mosque. Because it is a place of worship, there are many extra rules when it comes to standard clothing. Shoes must never be worn inside a mosque and feet are to be kept clean when entering. Men cannot wear shorts, and women, on the other hand, should be fully covered, especially their hair. If a women, typically a foreign visitor, does not have a scarf to cover their hair, there are usually extras in the mosque to use (Executive Planet).

Casual Attire

Along with business attire, casual attire in Turkey is much like the United States. On a typical day, they generally wear pants or shorts and a shirt. They dress a bit more modest; covering up their legs and arms a little more. However, they do not mind if a tourist is not dressed like a standard Turk would dress. Occasionally you will see women wearing a burka, which is a traditional black full-body covering with a veil (Croft).

Recreation and Leisure

The opportunities for experiencing amazing cultural activities in Turkey are endless. From viewing the incredible historical cities and structures throughout the entire country, to discovering the beautiful art by seeing operas, ballets, and concerts, to exploring the geography by mountaineering, scuba diving, rafting and more, Turkey is a great place to not only relax, but also to have fun. As well as the many uncommon recreational activities previously mentioned,, there are also activities such as basketball, football, volleyball, and golf. There is only a dull moment in Turkey if you are not down to explore.

Being that it is the biggest city in Turkey, there is plenty to do in Istanbul. The historic sites to see are ones you just cannot pass up. One of the most amazing sites is the Sultan Ahmed Mosque. Otherwise known as the “Blue Mosque”, this architectural masterpiece that opened in 1616 has a height of 141 feet and can hold up to 10,000 people (Blue Mosque). The history behind this mosque and the rituals that take place within it are fascinating stories and must be heard when visiting Istanbul (Croft).

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Another amazing historical destination to visit would be the ancient city of Ephesus. Located in the small town of Selcuk, Ephesus was one of the most important trade and religious centers of the ancient world, and is now one of the most important tourism centers of the world. Established long before the birth of Jesus Christ, Ephesus had a significant role in early Christianity. The Ephesians, at the time St. Paul was doing his ministry, worshiped Artemis and

refused Christianity, but through Paul’s patience and persistence, a large majority of the Ephesians came to know, serve, and love Christ. One of Paul’s letters was written to the Ephesians, and is known as “Ephesians” in the New Testament of the Bible (Ephesus). If you are looking for a beautiful, relaxing, day at the beach, Iztuzu beach is the place to be. This 4.5km long beach is located near Dalyan, in the South Western region of Turkey. This beach is an interesting one, being that it is a thin strip of sand that separates the fresh waters of the Dalyan River from the Mediterranean. Not only is the weather warm and sunny almost year-round, but there is a great chance of spotting a loggerhead sea turtle. The Mediterranean is a common breeding ground for these 35 inch, 298 pound turtles, which is why it is often referred to as “Turtle Beach” (Wikipedia). Here are some general entry and exit requirements if you are traveling to Turkey from the U.S. or traveling to the U.S. from Turkey:

Entry Exit

Passport - Must have at least 60 days beyond the expiration date of visa. There must also be one page in the passport for entry and exit stamps.

Tourist Visa - Must get a Turkish visa, which are usually valid for six months.

Passport - Must have entry stamps in passport from the first entry port, It is also important to get exit stamps.

Currency - Cannot leave with 5,000 of any one currency.

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Language

Introduction

As of 2006, about 17% of people in all of Turkey speak English. Most of these Turks live in big cities such as Istanbul or Ankara, but in any city under a million people, you’ll be hard pressed to find an English speaker. From personal experience, James Croft, who had the privilege to spend a week in Turkey in 2015 says that most Turks are happy to help you through the language barrier. For those who are not from Turkey looking to do business with Turks, it is uncommon to find many Turkish citizens who speak English very well, so there does tend to be a gap in the communication, especially with all of the different dialects in Turkey. However, there are ways to get around this language barrier and more and more Turks are studying and learning English as the country continues to develop (Croft).

Official Language

The official language of Turkey is Turkish which is spoken by about 75% of the population throughout the entire country (World Factbook). Dialects/ Minority Languages

• Kurdish - A widespread minor language spoken by about 8,130,000 Turks. • Turoyo - A minor language spoken by about 15,000 Turks towards Jordan and Syria. • Laz - A minor language spoken by about 20,000 Turks in Northwest Turkey. • Danubian - A Turkish dialect spoken in the Western parts of Turkey. • Eskisehir - A Turkish dialect spoken in the Eastern parts of Turkey

The graph above shows the world's top ten most spoken languages by the number of people who speak it. Chinese is the number one language with over one trillion speakers (infoplease).

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World’s Ten Most Influential Languages

1. English - First being used in England in the late 11th century, English has migrated to being the official language of over 60 sovereign states all over the world.

2. French - French is a romantic language used by over 220 million people worldwide and is the official language in 29 countries.

3. Spanish - Spanish is one of the several dialects that evolved from Latin and is a romance language spoken in over 21 countries.

4. Arabic - Argued as the third most used language in the world due to its use by the Islamic community, Arabic

5. Mandarin - Spoken by over 730 million people, Mandarin is the official and standard form of Chinese

6. Russian

7. Portuguese

8. German

9. Japanese

10. Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu)

Religion

Although just about 100% of Turks claim to be Muslim, there is actually religious freedom in Turkey. The three main religion is Turkey is Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, along with a few Roman Catholic churches and Assyrian Orthodox churches. Turkey has a history of the Islamic traditions, however the Jewish community does have some roots towards the west side of the country. In the last 100 years, many of the non-Muslim Turks have moved to countries bordering Turkey, leaving only a small percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey.

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Islam is a monotheistic religion that started in the 7th century in the Middle East that has close to 1.5 billion followers. Islam directly translates to “submission” which is the command that the Prophet Muhammad gave to the Muslim people to submit or surrender to the will of Allah. Judaism is the monotheistic belief that originates from Israel and has 14 million followers. Jews follow the first five books of the Bible called the Torah which were written by Moses. Christians are similar to Jews in that they believe in one God in the form of the trinity which is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, however, Christians have faith in the entire Bible, not just the first five books. There are over 2.1 billion Christians throughout the world and there are many different branches of Christianity; some of which include Orthodox, Protestant, and Baptist Christians (patheos).

Effects of Religion

After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire during World War II, Turkey has had a secular government, but an Islamic population. Over the last several years, the country has be greatly modernized in the education systems, the government, and the culture, which has slightly changed the way Muslims live their everyday lives. In 2002, Turks elected a new prime minister who downplayed the Islamic heritage of the country, but the economic growth of the country has improved greatly since the election of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (Gatz).

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Non-Profit Print Ad

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Issue Brochure

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Recipes

Baklava

Ingredients

For the Filling

• 2 cups (8 oz) finely chopped almonds

• 1 cup (4 oz) finely chopped walnuts

• 1/4 cup (2 oz ) caster sugar

• 2-3 tbsp bread crumbs

• 2 tsp ground cinnamon

• 1/8 tsp ground cloves

For the syrup

• 2 cups (1 lb) sugar

• 2 cups (16 fl oz) water

• 1 stick cinnamon

• 1 tbsp lemon juice

For the cover

• 150 grams (5 oz) unsalted butter, melted

• 12 oz packet filo pastry (375g)

Directions

1. Place all the ingredients under 'filling' in a bowl.

2. Combine until blended. Meanwhile place all the ingredients for the syrup together in a saucepan and bring it to a boil, while stirring for the sugar to dissolve. Simmer for 10 minutes and leave it to cool.

3. Brush a 12X10 in baking dish with butter. Brush 10 sheets of filo with melted butter.

4. Lay them on the dish one by one.

5. Spread the filling in the dish.

6. Now top it off with further 10-12 sheets of pastry, buttering each sheet as needed. You can trim off the excess pastry hanging on the side of your baking dish. Now brush the top of the pastry with more butter.

7. With a sharp knife, score the top layers in large diamond shapes.

8. Bake in a preheated 160C (325F) oven for 1 hour or until the top turns golden brown. If you find that the top is turning color too quickly, then cover the top with foil.

9. Remove from the oven and slowly pour the syrup over the top.

10. Let sit for 5-6 hours to absorb the syrup.

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Etiquette 1. Business Dress

• Business dress is generally conservative with exception to summer weather. • Men are expected to wear a suit and tie, and women professional dresses and

such. • In regards to the summer weather, it is acceptable to wear lighter clothing, while

still keeping it modest and professional. 2. Gift Giving

• In the business world, gift giving is not too common, however if it is, dining and site seeing are most acceptable.

• If a gift is given to another, it should be accepted kindly and graciously. • When invited to one’s home, it is coming to bring gifts such as pastries or home

décor. 3. Public Behavior

• When greeting someone and departing, firm handshakes should be exchanged. • When greeting someone that is in a close relationship to you, such as friends or

family, two kisses on the cheek should be given. As for greeting the elderly, a kiss on the right hand is generally done.

• When sitting across from someone, legs should be kept together or crossed. 4. Conversation

• When speaking to someone, it is important to get to know the person by asking questions about his/her family or work, keeping in mind not to pry information.

• Most men in Turkey enjoy conversations about sports such as soccer, or golf. • Avoid conversations on sensitive issues in Turkey such as European Union

membership. 5. First Name or Title

• I is accepted and most common to call a male Turk by their first name followed by the work “bey”, as well as with female Turks, however their name would be followed by the word “hanim”

• When saying the name of someone who is in authority, always put their professional title in front of their first name.

• Many times you will hear someone who is serving you, such as a waiter or taxi driver, refer to you as “efendim”, which translates to “my master.”

Julie Croft Turkey

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Country Selection Letter Julie croft BIS Inc. 655 North Third Central Point, OR 97502 Phone (541) 494-6300 International Market Research Specialist March 29, 2016 Dr. Johnny Allen Hendrix Human Resources Director BIS Inc. 845 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 Dear Dr. Hendrix: As you may know, non-profit organizations are great ways to help countries that are struggling in certain aspects, such as socially, environmentally, and politically. Here are three countries that I believe have a big enough issue that is affecting one of the previously mentioned aspects of their country. I would like to help one of these countries by creating a non-profit organization. Turkey actually has a pretty stable government and economy, however because of the crisis occurring in Syria, there are over 1,500,000 Syrian refugees in Turkey, a non-profit that would help care for those refugees would benefit Turkey greatly. As for the process of raising money and support, I feel that food and homes are a necessary item that refugees need, and we could make this happen by possibly hosting a charity concert or teaming up with another non-profit. Each year we would host a charity concert with a band willing to pay for free, so that all of the proceeds go to Syrian refugees in Turkey who need food and other living necessities. While I was in the Czech Republic last summer, it was apparent that the Czech teens loved everything about America, especially our music. It seems that most European countries know American artists, and their music pretty well, so I think that a charity concert would attract many Turks. The most difficult part of this event would be to find a good band to play for free. Ethiopia is another country I would consider helping due to their estimated 126,000 urgently need food and medical attention due to severe malnutrition. I would like to reduce that number as much as possible so that there are less children suffering in Ethiopia. If we were to team up with a company such as Cliff Bars, there could be a certain day of the year that all the profits made from Cliff Bars being sold would go towards feeding those starving children in Ethiopia. Cliff Bars are packed with protein and great nutrients, so with the proceeds being sent to Ethiopia, we could also see if the company would send plenty of Cliff Bars for the Ethiopian children. The final country I would love to help out is Poland. After the fall of Communism in 1989, Poland has welcomed more Western business cooperatives, and has advanced their economy quickly. I would like to run English camps for the youth in Poland to help them understand the Western culture and language that is in their country now. Similar to the team we worked with in the Czech Republic last summer, JosiahVenture, I would like to provide a fun, safe, and educational summer camp for the teens in Poland who would like to advance their English speaking ability, and their knowledge on Western Culture. We would fly Americans who are willing to teach and get to know the teenager in Poland. There will be English lessons throughout the day as well as fun activities and games that are typically played in America. Judging from past experience, the students attending these types of camps love it, and genuinely want to learn more about our culture and language. I would be honored to represent any of the three countries presented and I appreciate your time, thought, and consideration with providing me this great opportunity to make a positive difference in people’s lives all across the world. To contact me, please email me at [email protected]. Thank you.

Sincerely,

Julie Croft