New immigrants for students

IMMIGRATION AND URBANIZATION

New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants= Southern and Eastern

Europeans during 1870s until WWI. Came from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Greece, Poland,

Hungary and Russia. Often unskilled, poor, Catholic or Jewish, and planning to

save some money to take back home.

Old Immigrants- Came before the Irish and German immigrants.

After 1900, New Immigrants made up 70% of all immigrants.

RELIGION

BIRTHPLACE

REASONS

DESTINATION

OCCUPATION

Protestant

North/Western

Both escaping poverty, religious and political persecution

Moved to farms

Midwest

Became farmers

Old v. New

Push FactorsPush Factors= Things that force/“push”

people out of a place or land.

Push Factors1880s- Farmers had a difficult time in

Mexico, Poland, and China.

1840s- many wars and political revolutions in China and Eastern Europe which caused economic troubles.

Russian and Eastern European Jews faced religious persecution and fled to the U.S. for safety.

Pull FactorsPull Factors= Things that attract people

to a place or land.

Pull Factors1862 Homestead Act and aid from railroad

companies made western farmland inexpensive.

Workers were recruited from homelands to build railroads, dig mines, or work in factories.

Many wanted to find gold.

Chain immigrants=

Journey to AmericaMany immigrants could barely afford a

ticket to come to the U.S.

They could only pack what they could carry.

Many would wait in line for hours to try to get on a ship and in many cases it was very dangerous to do this.

Journey to AmericaSteerage=

Steerage was located on the lowest decks of the ship with no private cabins, and was dirty and crowded.

Seasickness was an issue in rough weather and illnesses spread quickly in the lower decks.

Immigrants Arrive in America

2 ports of entry into the U.S. Ellis Island- New York City Angel Island- San Francisco Bay

To enter the ports immigrants had to be healthy and show they had money, a skill, or a sponsor to provide for them.

They had to go through a series of health tests and evaluations and could possibly be sent back to their homeland if they did not meet proper guidelines..

Ellis IslandEllis Island was built in 1892 as the

1st “Immigration

Center”

Later, closed in the 1940s

Today it is a museum.

•The goal was to “screen” immigrants coming from Europe.

•Immigrants took physical examinations and were held at Ellis Island before they were released to the US mainland.

Ellis IslandMost European immigrants came through here.

(NYC)

1st and 2nd class passengers were inspected on the ship then released.

3rd class had to go in to be inspected.

Ellis Island was the more welcoming of the two ports.

Angel IslandMost Chinese and Asian immigrants came through

here (San Francisco Bay)

Opened in 1910.

Made it very hard for Chinese immigrants to come into the U.S.

Immigrants were sometimes left here for days or weeks in poor conditions.

Immigrants Assimilate Into Society

Assimilate =

Most immigrants stayed in cities and lived in ethnic neighborhoods

These neighborhoods would share:

By 1890 many cities had a huge immigrant population. 4/5 people in NYC were immigrants.

AssimilationAmericanization =

In many cities Americanization institutions arose to help immigrants fit in.

America became known as the “Melting Pot”.

Immigrants usually stuck with their native cultures but children of immigrants were more likely to adopt American ways.

Immigrants Face HostilityNativism =

Competition for jobs and homes often fueled resentment and religious and cultural differences caused tensions as well.

Chinese Exclusion Act =

A later ruling said the Chinese who were already in America were considered U.S. citizens.

Chinese Exclusion Act

• Resentment and discrimination

against the Chinese.

• First law to restrict

immigration.

• Taking away jobs from Nativists

Congress also passed another act that prohibited the entry of anyone who was a criminal, immoral, or someone who handicapped.

These were the beginnings of immigration restriction in America.

A quota act is later going to be placed on how many immigrants can come to the U.S. from a given country.

Immigrants Change AmericaImmigrants changed America in many ways.

Mexican Americans developed ranching techniques.Chinese, Irish, and Mexican workers built railroads. Immigrants worked in coal mines, steel and textile

mills, and factories.Women immigrants worked in factories,

seamstresses, laundresses, made piecework, and worked as servants.

Immigrants helped the U.S. become a world power.