New Frontiers in Digital-Only Journal Publishing: Possibilities and Challenges

Brian Cody, Scholastica

New Frontiers in Digital-Only Journal

Publishing: Possibilities and Challenges

Brian Cody, Scholastica

Pressures shaping future journals

Scholar usage

Production pressures

Market pressures

Journals

OK, first some

BACKGROUND

How do scholars use journals?

• $200k in year 1

• 30k articles submitted in 2013

• 100+ journal clients (100% retention)

How do scholars use journals?

• $200k in year 1

• 30k articles submitted in 2013

• 100+ journal clients (100% retention)

How do scholars use journals?

Skim

Search

Portable

Annotate

Print

Ingest Interact

Consumer demands

• Skimmable - easy initial read

• Portable - collecting files

• Searchable - within and across articles

• Ingestible - bibliography software

• Annotatable - notes and analysis

• Interactive - links to trace sources

• Printable - close reading

Why printable?

• Long-form monographs (like books) often preferred in physical form

• BUT journal articles are shorter

• So article printing should be outsourced from publisher to consumer - hence printable

Ithaka S+R survey, 2012

http://www.sr.ithaka.org/sites/default/files/files/SR_BriefingPaper_Presses_120913.pdf

~5k respondents

UChicago library study (2013)

“Periodicals only in electronic form; books in print form. I find it very hard to read books on the computer. However, I like reading books on Kindle and citation issues are being corrected, so if Kindle-compatible electronic books become available, life would be beautiful.”

– Faculty, Social Sciences Division.http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/surveys/2013/2013-faculty-survey-final-report.pdf

Paper going away?

Mangen http://bit.ly/1sYiH4t, Benedetto http://bit.ly/1MZ6vht, Cohen http://bit.ly/1FFnBwB

• E-ink might reduce visual fatigue - Benedetto et al, 2013

• Tactile experience of reading important, annotation (Mangen 2013)

• Hybrid digital/printed future seems likely in short term

• Digital in long term (Dan Cohen, March 2015)

Challenges for journal PRODUCERS

• Time consuming to make different versions

• Workflow is not automated

• Print concerns dominate workflow (PDF)

• Interactivity and portability are in opposition

• Metadata not always clear => discoverability problems

• Metrics not always tracked

“While these files in particular are great HTML files, they take quite a bit of time to create as I learned one Friday afternoon last month when the editor and I sat down to try to create them ourselves!”

Jennifer Laherty, Digital Publishing Librarian for IUScholarWorks https://blogs.libraries.iub.edu/scholcomm/2012/04/16/16-beyond-the-pdf/

“trying to get by and do good work without spending a lot of time and money on the format

of the output and so we resort to what seems good enough and people like: the PDF."

Challenges for journal PRODUCERS

Journals of the future will be…

• Easy to make different (compliant) versions

• Publishing workflow automated

• HTML version is canonical, print concerns are secondary (or tertiary)

• Interactivity and portability are in harmony

• Metadata is clean => better discoverability

• Metrics automatically tracked

The (journal) Article

• Journal ARTICLE is the primary research unit, not journal volume

• Publishing a single article is less onerous than volume (or multiple journal volumes)

• Rolling publication has many advantages

• Institutional adoption hurdle: major process change (less so for individual journals)

Market pressures

• Open Access growth

• Alternatives: libraries, platforms

• Canceling subscriptions: UNLV, UParis V, UMontreal

• Mission of university and societies

• Price transparency

Material collected from a blog post by Timothy Gowershttp://gowers.wordpress.com/2014/04/24/elsevier-journals-some-facts/

http://blog.scholasticahq.com/post/84136359198/an-infographic-view-of-gowerss-elsevier-expose

University Cost Enrollment

http://blog.scholasticahq.com/post/84136359198/an-infographic-view-of-gowerss-elsevier-expose

Consequence: HTML

• Less $$ —> intense pressure for efficiencies

• More noise —> pressure to boost signal

• Digital WILL reduce costs as seen in other industries: books, music, news

• HTML development environment more active than XML

XML vs HTML

XML vs HTML

• 35,562 vs 23,855

• 49% more HTML5 repositories

XML vs HTML

XML vs HTML

• 142 vs 869

• 500% more HTML5 to PDF repositories

Examples from real life

JOURNALS

Technical implementation

• Work across devices, available in multiple formats

• Saveable and printable

• Linked data

• Ingestible and discoverable

• Easy to make

American Journal of Sociological Research 2014, 4(5): 127-131 DOI: 10.5923/j.sociology.20140405.01

Public Participation in the Policy Formulation of Environment-Friendly City Planning in Tulungagung

Heru Tjahjono1,2,*, Mohammad Bisri3, Soemarno4, Eko Ganis5

1Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 2Department of Fisheries and Marine of East Java, Indonesia

3Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 4Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

5Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of public participation in policy formulation of environment-friendly city planning in Tulungagung. Forms of public participation are as listener, inputs/suggestions contribution, information/data contribution, and assistance in clarifying the right of space, objections to the draft plan, as well as other combination of the mentioned forms. This study used descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, using frequency distribution tables and graphs of circle graph (pie chart). The results based on the frequency distribution shows that the forms of public participation in policy formulation of environment-friendly city planning in Tulungagung are mostly in the form of inputs/suggestions contribution by 43%. It is followed by the listener of 25%, information/data contribution of 17%, and other forms of 15%. No respondents participated as assistance in clarifying the right of space.

Keywords Direct Participation, Eco-friendly City, Forms of Public Participation, Indirect Participation

1. Introduction For four decades, climate-related disasters such as floods,

droughts, storms, landslides and forest fires have caused a lot of loss on human lives and livelihoods. It also causes the destruction of economic and social infrastructure, as well as damage to the environment with the frequency and intensity of disasters that are likely increasing [1]. According to the Ministry of Environment in 2009, households in Java contribute carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from energy use of more than 100 million tons per year. The industries in Java are also a major contribution to CO2 emissions, about 24 million tons per year.

Along with the growth rate of development, Satterthwite [2] explained in an effort to provide comfort and a healthy environment for the citizens of the city. The concept of Eco-friendly City Policy can be a solution for urban development actors with environmentally friendly base. The concept of Eco-friendly City Policy is a concept that aimed each city in the world contributes to decline the global carbon emissions based on community participation. Eco-friendly city policy is also a symbol of closeness to nature and without exception the support of community will further strengthen and reinforce environmental-friendly

* Corresponding author: [email protected] (Heru Tjahjono) Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/sociology Copyright © 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved

urban development. In realizing the eco-friendly city policy, there are eight aspects that must be considered in terms of the process, namely: green planning and design, green community, green building, green energy, green water, green transportation, green waste and green open space.

Rukmana [3] stated that in the context of spatial planning, there are two types of needs underlying community participation, which are control function and the need of social information and data. Public participation in spatial planning becomes crucial as being responsive. The efforts to realize Eco-friendly City Policy in the region of East Java refers to the East Java Provincial Regulation No. 2 of 2006 on Spatial Planning and Regional Governance in East Java province. Article 1 Paragraph 34 states that environmental-friendly in industrial, services, and trade activity in which the production or the output process prioritizes the method or technology that does not pollute the environment and not harmful the living things. In realizing an Eco-friendly City Policy that is based on community participation refers to the funding from the regional budget. The referral becomes a very strong base in integrating community participation to success the improvement of the carrying capacity of Eco-friendly City.

Community participation in city development includes participating in the development activities, and participating in utilizing and enjoying the results of such development [4]. There are several forms of community participation in the development program, i.e. the participation of money, possessions, labor, skills, ideas, social, decision-making and

Normal article

WP, great metadata

Potential for different devices

Responsive HTML

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123690

Citations off to one side

PDF: citations interrupt flow

Portable

EPUB version

Examples from

POPULAR PUBLISHING

Article on Medium

“popular eReader formats such as EPUB and MOBI are HTML and CSS under the hood.”

http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/01/07/designing-for-print-with-css/?utm_source=html5weekly&utm_medium=email

• Be available in different formats

• Have interactive elements, online and offline

• Address scholars’ needs across the research lifecycle

• Be eminently readable

• Be digital-first

Future journals will…

False dichotomies

1.Portable vs interactive

2.Digital vs print

3.HTML vs PDF

4.Publisher vs consumer

5.Streamlined vs options

And now: some

CONCLUSIONS

Forces affecting journals

• Skimmable

• Portable

• Annotable

• Searchable

• Printable

• Automated workflow

• Different formats

• Good metadata

• Print concerns secondary

• OA trends

• Library consortia

• Publishing alternatives

• Price transparency

ScholarsProduction Market

Pressures shaping future journals

Scholar usage

Production pressures

Market pressures

Journals

Pressures shaping future articles

Scholar usage

Production pressures

Market pressures

Articles

• Pressures lead to HTML automation tools

• Software competition will reduce cost of tools

• Article-level workflows will abound

• Platforms reduce silos and churn, will emphasize standardized inputs (metadata)

• Greater incentive to in-source journal work, easier to bootstrap (libraries!)

Extrapolations

Journal Management Best Practices: Tales from the TrenchesLink at https://scholasticahq.com and @scholasticahq