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Muhammad Sohaib Malik
Ms-Fellow (Batch-17)
Roll No. 1728
"Regulations on Radiation Protection
(PAK/904)".
Karachi Institute of Power EngineeringKarachi Institute of Power Engineering
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
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Independent Regulatory Authority
Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA)
An independent regulatorresponsible for
To control
To regulate.
To supervise
All nuclear safety and radiation protection activities to
meet the national and international standards.
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Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority Ordinance,
2001 (PNRA Ordinance),
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Regulations
Regulations on Radiation Protection (PAK/904)
Regulations for the licensing of Radiation Facilities
other than nuclear installations (PAK/908)
Regulation for Licensing of Nuclear Installation (s)
(PAK/909)
Regulations on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants -
Design (PAK/911)
Regulations on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants -
Quality Assurance (PAK/912)
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Radiation ProtectionRegulations
(PAK/904)
Regulations were issued in 1990, updated in 2004
Set requirement for registration and licensing of
facilities using radiation apparatus/ material
Set management and technical requirements for
occupational exposure protection, medical exposure
protection, public exposure protection
Set annual dose limits, guidance levels for medical
procedures, exemption levels
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General Layout of Regulations
TITLE Title ofRegulations
DEFINITIONS
Definitions About terms used inR
egulations GENERAL PROVISION
Scope ( On what activities regulations apply)
Interpretation (decision regarding applicability)
ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
Exemptions ( Annex I )
Licensing
Contamination levels (Edible goods) ( Annex II)
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RADIATION PROTECTION PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS OF LICENSEE
Dose limitations ( Annex III )
Justification of practices
Dose constraints ( Annex III )
MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICALREQUIREMENTS OF LICENSEE
Safety culture
Quality assurance (safety requirements satisfied)
Human factors ( fully Trained employees)
VERIFICATION OF PROTECTION AND SAFETY
Safety assessments
Records
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OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION
Classification of Areas (Controlled/supervised)
Personal Protective Equipment
Individual Monitoring, Record, Health Surveillance
MEDICAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION
Justification of medical exposures
Calibration & clinical dosimetry
Maximum activity on discharge ( Annex V )
Accidental medical exposures recorded
PUBLIC EXPOSURE PROTECTION
Monitoring of Public Exposure
Consumer Products
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These regulations shall apply to the
following activities:
Acquisition, design, manufacture, construction,installation or operation of any device that
contains any radioactive source
Establishment of installations and facilities whichcontain radioactive materials
Exploration for mining and milling, extraction,
acquisition, handling, use for medical, industrialresearch
Treatment of food by ionizing radiation
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Main Feature Of PAK/904 Regulation
on Radiation Protection
The main feature of this regulation are
No practice shall be licensed or authorized
unless it produces sufficient benefit to individuals to
be exposed or to society to offset the radiation
harm that it might cause, taking into account social,
economic and other relevant factors.
The annual occupational exposure is limited
up to 20mSv
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Optimization Principle (ALARA),
For exposure from sources in use, radiationsafety shall be optimized in order that
The magnitude of individual doses, the number of
people exposed and the likelihood of incurringexposures all be kept as low as reasonably
achievable (ALARA), economic and socialfactors being taken into account , within the restriction
that the dose to individuals delivered by the source be
subject to dose constraints.
Released radioactive substances to the environment -
dose constraints (fraction of dose limit) shall be
established.
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Occupational Exposure
No. of persons exposed
Average dose
Collective dose
Internal and External dose
Public Exposures Control
On-line monitoring of release effluents
Decay and dilution of liquid effluent
Collection, processing and storage of solid
radioactive waste
Occupational Exposure Control
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Dose limitation..(Annex III)
The normal exposure of
individuals shall be
restricted so that
neither the total effectivedose nor the total
equivalent dose to relevant
organs or tissues, exceeds
any relevant dose limit
specified in Annex III
. Dose limits shall not apply
to medical exposures from
authorized practices.
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Dose limitation(Annex III)
Continued
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(1) Practices and sources
within practices may be
exempted from
the requirements of these
regulations if the Authorityis satisfied that the sources
meet the
exemption criteria:
exemption levels specified
inAnnex I
Exemptions.. As specified in Annex I
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Radionuclide contamination levels
in edible goodsAnnexII
(1) No person shall
import any edible goods
without a certificate from
the relevant authority ofthe country of origin
of the goods to the effect
that the radionuclide
levels in the goods
are not more than those
specified in Annex II.
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Limitation Specific To Female Workers
ANNEX III
Once a female worker has notified the licensee that
she is pregnant, the licensee shall adapt the working
conditions as is specified in Annex III.
The notification of pregnancy shall not be
considered a reason to exclude a female worker from
work.
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Health surveillance..
ANNEX VI
The licensee, shall
make arrangements
for appropriate health
surveillance based on
general principles ofoccupational health
continuous fitness of
regular workers
working in the
controlled area for
their intended tasks.
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Optimization of protection for
medical exposures.. Annex IV.
The licensee shallsatisfy the
prescriptive design and
operational
requirements specified
in Annex IV.
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DESIGN OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, RADIOLOGY
AND RADIOTHERAPY FACILITIES
DoseR
ate in Treatment room Radioactive waste Storage
X-ray room Area ( for Staff Shielding )
Simulator room,Treatment room, Treatmentplanning room (design specification)
DESIGN OF SOURCES AND EQUIPMENTS
Early equipment failure detection
Language of specifications
Exposure limiting devices are provided
Monitoring equipment for warning
(during unsual situation)
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OPERATIONAL ASPECTS
Diagnostic exposure Ensure that exposure is minimum necessary for
required diagnostic objective
Avoid Un-necessary Additional examination
Shielding ofRadio-sensitive organs ( lens of eye )
Therapeutic exposure
Ensure that dose is only delivered to target organ
Ensure that exposure of normal tissue is kept as
low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) while
required dose is delivered to target organ
Inform patients of Possible risks
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Guidance levels for medical
exposure.. Annex V
During the conductof diagnostic and
therapeutic
procedures
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Maximum activity for patients
in therapy on discharge from
hospital..
In order to restrict the exposure
of any member of the household
of a patient who has undergone
a therapeutic procedure,
such a patient shall not bedischarged from hospital before
the activity of radioactive
substances in the
body falls below the level
specified in Annex
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Conclusion
PNRA has established a functional radiation
protection regulatory framework in the countryand has developed a comprehensive
mechanism for implementation of this framework.
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Thank You !!
