Jan 15, 2016
NEW ENGLAND – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND
• PLACE OF ORIGIN – ENGLAND
• WHY THE COLONISTS CAME
– RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
– ESTABLISH WELL ORDERED COMMUNITIES
• RELIGION
– CONGREGATIONALISM – PURITANS
– CONGREGATIONS BUILT TOWN MEETING HOUSES
– ELECTED/CHOSE THEIR OWN MINISTERS
NEW ENGLAND – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND
• POLITICS
– RELIGION AND POLITICS RELATED
– EACH TOWN RAN OWN AFFAIRS
– ISSUES DEBATED IN TOWN MEETINGS
– VOTING OPEN TO
• MALES
• CHURCH MEMBERS
NEW ENGLAND – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
• CLIMATE
– HARSH WINTERS
– SHORT GROWING SEASON
• LAND
– HARD AND ROCKY
– POOR SOIL FOR FARMING
• RIVERS
– FAST FLOWING
– NO EAST/WEST NAVIGABLE RIVERS
– PREVENTED TRADE EAST AND WEST
NEW ENGLAND – ECONOMY
FARMINGSMALL – SINGLE FAMILY
PRODUCED LITTLE MORE THAN NEEDED
BARTERED FOR PRODUCTS COULD NOT PRODUCE
PURCHASED LUXURY ITEMS IN MARKET PLACES
USUALLY PASSED ON TO OLDEST SON
NEW ENGLAND – ECONOMY
• SEA INDUSTRY
– WORK IN SEA PORTS
– SHIP BUILDING
– FISHING
• TRADE
– NEW MERCHANT CLASS
– TRADED WITH EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
– RAW MATERIALS TO ENGLAND
– FINISHED PRODUCTS TO COLONIES
MIDDLE COLONIES – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND
• PLACE OF ORIGIN
– SCOTLAND
– GERMANY
– SWEDEN
– HOLLAND
– FRANCE
• WHY THE COLONISTS CAME
– TO MAKE MONEY
– TO CREATE TRADING ZONES
MIDDLE COLONIES – THE MIDDLE COLONIES – THE COLONISTS’ BACKGROUNDCOLONISTS’ BACKGROUND
RELIGIONRELIGIONHIGHLY HIGHLY AUTHORATATIVEAUTHORATATIVE
DECISIONS MADE BY DECISIONS MADE BY CHURCH LEADERSCHURCH LEADERS
MINISTERS APPOINTEDMINISTERS APPOINTED
POLITICSPOLITICS
DIVERSITY OF POPULATION – NO CLOSE COOPERATIONDIVERSITY OF POPULATION – NO CLOSE COOPERATION
PEOPLE ELECTED
PEOPLE ELECTED
COLONIAL
COLONIAL
ASSEMBLIES
ASSEMBLIESASSEMBLIES ELECTED
ASSEMBLIES ELECTED
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS MADE OFFICIALS MADE DECISIONS FOR DECISIONS FOR THE PEOPLETHE PEOPLE
MIDDLE COLONIES – CLIMATE AND MIDDLE COLONIES – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY
CLIMATECLIMATE MILD WINTERSMILD WINTERS LONG GROWING LONG GROWING
SEASONSEASON
LANDLAND ROLLING HILLSROLLING HILLS FERTILE SOILFERTILE SOIL
MIDDLE COLONIES – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY
RIVERS
THREE MAIN RIVERS HUDSON DELAWARE SUSQUEHANNA
ALLOWS EAST/WEST TRADE
LARGE SLOW MOVING NAVIGABLE RIVERS CONNECT EAST AND WEST
MIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMYMIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMY FARMINGFARMING
LARGE FARMSLARGE FARMS FAMILYFAMILY HIRED HELPHIRED HELP INDENTURED INDENTURED
SERVANTSSERVANTS PRODUCED SPECIFIC PRODUCED SPECIFIC
GRAINSGRAINS CORNCORN WHEATWHEAT RYERYE BARLEYBARLEY
SOLD SURPLUS TO SOLD SURPLUS TO MAKE MONEYMAKE MONEY
EAST AND WEST TRADEEAST AND WEST TRADE
MIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMYMIDDLE COLONIES – ECONOMY
MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING• COTTAGE INDUSTRYCOTTAGE INDUSTRY
PIECE MEAL WORK PIECE MEAL WORK DONE IN HOMESDONE IN HOMES
USUALLY BY WOMENUSUALLY BY WOMEN• SPINNING AND SPINNING AND
WEAVING OF WEAVING OF TEXTILESTEXTILES
• OTHER OTHER MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING
SAW MILLSSAW MILLS GRAIN GRINDING MILLSGRAIN GRINDING MILLS BAKED BRICKSBAKED BRICKS
SOUTHERN COLONIES
SOUTHERN – COLONISTS’ SOUTHERN – COLONISTS’ BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
• PLACE OF ORIGIN – PLACE OF ORIGIN – ENGLANDENGLAND
• WHY THE COLONISTS WHY THE COLONISTS CAMECAME– IN SEARCH OF IN SEARCH OF
MARKETABLE CROPSMARKETABLE CROPS– TO GET RICH QUICKTO GET RICH QUICK
• RELIGIONRELIGION– MEMBERS OF CHURCH MEMBERS OF CHURCH
OF ENGLANDOF ENGLAND
SOUTHERN – COLONISTS’ BACKGROUND
• POLITICS
– GOVERNMENT DECISIONS MADE BY WEALTHY MEN
– LARGE PLANTATION OWNERS
SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY
CLIMATECLIMATE– WARMWARM
– SUBTROPICALSUBTROPICAL
– YEAR LONG GROWING YEAR LONG GROWING SEASONSEASON
SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND SOUTHERN – CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY
• LAND LAND – MARYLAND AND VIRGINIAMARYLAND AND VIRGINIA
– FLAT, RICH COAST LANDS– FLAT, RICH COAST LANDS
– DEEP SOUTHDEEP SOUTH • SWAMPY COAST LAND – SWAMPY COAST LAND –
GREAT FOR RICEGREAT FOR RICE
• INTERIOR – RICH FERTILE INTERIOR – RICH FERTILE SOILSOIL
• RIVERSRIVERS– MANY EAST/WEST AND MANY EAST/WEST AND
NAVIGABLENAVIGABLE– LARGE SLOW MOVINGLARGE SLOW MOVING– GOOD FOR IRRIGATION GOOD FOR IRRIGATION
AND TRADEAND TRADE
SOUTHERN – ECONOMY
FAMILY WORKED OWN LAND
FARMING
WESTERN LANDS
SMALL FARMS
GREW CORN – GRAIN – FRUITS – VEGATABLES
SOUTHERN – ECONOMY
• FARMING
– EASTERN LANDS
• LARGE PLANTATIONS
• GREW CASH CROPS TO MAKE MONEY
– RICE
– TOBACCO
– INDIGO
• SLAVERY
– WORKED LAND
– MADE CLOTHES AND TOOLS
– NO NEED OF URBAN PROVIDERS OF GOODS AND SERVICES
SOUTHERN – ECONOMY
• MANUFACTURING
– NONE
– EXTENSIVE RIVER SYSTEM
• NO TRANS-SHIPMENT CENTERS NECESSARY
– TOBACCO AND RICE
• REQUIRED NO PROCESSING
• COULD BE SHIPPED DIRECTLY
A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIESPOLITICS
• NEW ENGLAND• Town meetings• Male church members
• MID-ATLANTIC• Colonial Assemblies• Elect officials• Officials make decisions for colony
• SOUTHERN• Wealthy plantation owners make decisions
A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES
CLIMATE • NEW ENGLAND
• Harsh winters• Short growing season
• MID-ATLANTIC• Mild climate• Long growing season
• SOUTHERN• Sub-tropical• Very long growing season (almost year round)
A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES
GEOGRAPHY• NEW ENGLAND
• Rocky soil• Poor soil• Fast non-navigable east/west rivers
• MID-ATLANTIC• Rolling hills• Fertile soil• Three slow moving, navigable east/west rivers
• SOUTHERN• Coast – swampy• Inland fertile soil• Many large, slow moving, navigable east/west rivers
A TOUR OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES
ECONOMY• NEW ENGLAND
• Small family farms• Sea industry – fishing, ship building, whaling• Merchant – trade
• MID-ATLANTIC• Large farms – hired help, indentured servants – sell
surplus grains• Cottage industry• Small manufacturing – grist and lumber mills
• SOUTHERN• Large plantations – slaves • Cash crops – indigo, rice, and tobacco