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Polymers in daily lifePolymers in daily life

T. Thimma ReddyT. Thimma Reddy

Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu UniverInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu UniversitysityHakozaki, HigashiHakozaki, Higashi--kuku, Fukuoka 812, Fukuoka 812--8581, JAPAN.8581, JAPAN.


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What is an atom?What is an atom?

Atoms are basic building blocks of everything you

can see around you.

Many things you cannot see, for example air that youbreath.

Atoms are so small that there are millions, billions

and trillions in the tiniest speck you can see. Solids, liquids and gasses all matter-are

made up of atoms.


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What is a Molecule?

Molecules are made up of atoms.

atoms can join together they form bonds together- to

make molecules. For example two atoms of hydrogen

hook together To form a molecule of hydrogen.


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What is a POLYMER?

Large organic molecule formed by combining

many smaller molecules (monomers) in aregular pattern.

A long molecule that is made up of a chain of

many small repeated units (monomers).

Long chains of covalently bonded atoms


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schematic representation of a polymer


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Difference between polymer and lowDifference between polymer and low

molecular weight compoundsmolecular weight compounds

Low molecular weight compundsLow molecular weight compunds

freely soluble in solventsfreely soluble in solventssolution has less viscoussolution has less viscous

Examples: sodium chlorideExamples: sodium chloride, vitamins, vitamins

etc.etc.

Polymers or high molecular weight compundsPolymers or high molecular weight compunds

swell before dissolutionswell before dissolution

Posses high viscousPosses high viscous

Examples:Examples: PEPEPVAPVA, PMMA, PMMA, PET, PET

etc.etc.


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What are polymers?

Polymers are substances. These substances are either in liquid or

solid forms.(

Polymers are available in this world since beginning. Meanspolymers are not new They are very old.

For example starch, cellulose and rubber all posses polymericproperties and are available since beginning of nature.

Man made polymers have been studied since 1832. Today polymerindustries growing more than aluminium, copper and steel industriescombined.1832


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Types of polymersTypes of polymers

NaturalNatural

CelluloseCellulose

StarchStarch

ProteinsProteins

SyntheticSyntheticPS, PET, PE, Nylon, PMMA, PHEMA.PS, PET, PE, Nylon, PMMA, PHEMA.


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Difference between natural andDifference between natural and

synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers

NaturalNatural

They are degradableThey are degradableThey are not processableThey are not processableThey posses poor mechanical strengthThey posses poor mechanical strength

SyntheticSyntheticThey are non degradableThey are non degradable

They are processableThey are processableThey posses good mechanical strength.They posses good mechanical strength.


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Classification of polymersClassification of polymers

PlasticsPlastics

RubbersRubbers

FibersFibers

PaintsPaints


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ThermoplasticsThermoplastics

Plastics at homePlastics at home

carry bags, containers, jars, insulators,carry bags, containers, jars, insulators,

nonsticky pans, soft drink bottles, matrices,nonsticky pans, soft drink bottles, matrices,

tooth brush and paste etc.tooth brush and paste etc.


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How polymer articles will beHow polymer articles will be

preparedprepared

There are four main techniquesThere are four main techniques

Injection moldingInjection molding

Extrusion moldingExtrusion molding Blow moldingBlow molding

Compression moldingCompression molding


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Injection moldingInjection molding


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Blow moldingBlow molding


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RubbersRubbers

Latex is a milky white fluid extracted from bark of trees.

It could form a solid that was elastic

If you rubbed it on penciled words, the writing would

disappear, so it is named as rubber. This rubber become hard and brittle when it got cooled, a

sticky mess when it got too warm.

But when we heat rubber with sulfur would remain elastic atwide range of temperatures.

Carriages, cars, trucks, and busses traveled billions of miles

on tires made of v-rubber.


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A rubber tree plantation in southernA rubber tree plantation in southern

INDIAINDIA


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New cut is made each nightNew cut is made each night


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Latex flow beginsLatex flow begins


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Latex flow towards collection cupLatex flow towards collection cup


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Latex coagulation with dilute acidLatex coagulation with dilute acid


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Water is rolled out of the rubberWater is rolled out of the rubber


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Fresh and smoked sheet of raw rubberFresh and smoked sheet of raw rubber


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TajmahalTajmahal, India., India.


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FibersFibers

Fibers are polymer like tiny little rods or tubes- 100

times longer than its diameter

Any fiber that you can think of is a polymer.

If its a metal, its called a wire not a fiber Fibers can be natural- from plant or animals, or

synthetic made by people.

cellulose woolcotton


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Nylon parachutesNylon parachutes


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Paints or coatinPaints or coatingg

Painting makes the product look beautiful andPainting makes the product look beautiful and

also protect from the corrosionalso protect from the corrosion.. Paints to homes, buildings and class roomPaints to homes, buildings and class room

walls etc.walls etc.

It also helps to clean easilyIt also helps to clean easily


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Blue city, India.Blue city, India.

A li ti f l


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Applications of polymers

Agriculture and agribusiness Super absorbent polymers

Polymeric substances are used in and on soil

To improve aeration (supply of moisture)

To provide mulch (to stop growing unwanted plants) To promote plant growth and health.

Medicine

Many biomaterials, especially heart valve replacements,Blood vessels are made of polymers like Teflon andPolyurethane.

Contact lenses (PHEMA,Contact lenses (PHEMA, hydrogelhydrogel))


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Consumer science

Plastic containers of all shapes and sizes are

made with polymer substances.

Clothing, floor coverings, garbage disposal

bags and Packaging etc ..

They are light weight and less expensive


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Industry

Automobile parts, handsets, windshileds for

fighter planes, pipes, tanks, packing materials,

Insulation, wood substitutes, Adhesives,

matrix for composites, and elastomers.


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Food


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Food

Many natural polymers are present in our foodFor example soups, ice creams contains

polysacharide polymers such as starch, guar etc.

Cows milk is loaded with the polymer casein, a

protein without this casein (polymer) cheese willbe non-sticky


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Lotus temple, IndiaLotus temple, India


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Polymer recyclingPolymer recycling

Most polymers will last a long, long, long,

long time.

That's good - especially if you use them to

make clothes, jars, even chairs.

But it's bad when polymers get thrown away.

It's important to recycle the polymers that we

can, like drink bottles, so that our landfillsdon't get filled up so fast.


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Continue recyclingContinue recycling

Recycling gives new life to the things we use.

It can conserve valuable resources: landfillspace, energy, raw materials.


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Whats so great about polymers ?

Why would we want to use polymers to make

stuff? What about other materials, like wood,metal, glass, or ceramics?

Let's pretend that you own a company thatmakes apple juice. What would you use to

make the bottles - metal, plastic, or glass?

Most of the polymers have the followingMost of the polymers have the following


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Most of the polymers have the followingMost of the polymers have the following

propertiesproperties

Lighter

Harder to break Long lasting

Recyclable

Easier to form into shapes Cheaper1kg )

By choosing the right kind of polymer, our productcan be soft or hard, flexible or stiff, or most anythingwe want

Strength of the polymers


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Strength of the polymers

We keep stretching the sample, increasing the stress(the force/area) until - snap! - it breaks. How much

stress could it take? The stress needed to break thesample is the tensile strength of the material

Strength of single polymer chain is higher than that ofsteel

Varieties of shoesVarieties of shoes


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Varieties of shoesVarieties of shoes


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Pool Palace

Hot tub Swimming pool lining with PVC


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Skate board


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ToysToys


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Sporting stuff


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Auto parts


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Recordings


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Music shop


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Food stuffFood stuff

Polymers in medical fieldPolymers in medical field


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Polymers in medical fieldPolymers in medical field

Drug deliveryDrug delivery

Tissue sealantsTissue sealants Wound dressingWound dressing

Drug delivery from environmentally


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sensitive release systems


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SUMMAYSUMMAY Polymers are basic part of our daily lives theyPolymers are basic part of our daily lives they

comprise the pipes and wires we used to get readycomprise the pipes and wires we used to get readythis morning.this morning.

The sheets and blankets that kept us warm last night.The sheets and blankets that kept us warm last night.

Socks and shoes that protect our feet.Socks and shoes that protect our feet. Polymer coatings play huge role in protecting thePolymer coatings play huge role in protecting the

homes, buildings and class room walls etc.homes, buildings and class room walls etc.

Polymers entered in to biomedical field and solvingPolymers entered in to biomedical field and solvingmany problems.many problems.


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AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments I am grateful to Japan society for the

promotion of science (JSPS) for financialsupport as well as giving me an opportunity to

deliver this lecture today.

Thank you


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Traditional dresses in India.Traditional dresses in India.


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Temples, India.Temples, India.

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