New Chlorine Presentation

8/17/2019 New Chlorine Presentation

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CHLOR-ALKALIINDUSTRY


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PRESENTERS

Nandani

Nyamekeye

Shelieza Tiana

Mandy

Tramaine


3/27

O!ECTI"ES

L#$a%i#n #& $hl#r-alkali ind'(%ry)

Chemi$al *r#$e((e( #& $hl#rine

Sa&e%y Re+'iremen%( Im*a$% #& Chl#r-alkali ind'(%ry #n %he

en,ir#nmen%)


4/27

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LOCATION OF

CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY

A,ailaili%y #& ra. ma%erial() A,ailaili%y #& La#'r) Pr#/imi%y %# Marke%() Tran(*#r% 0a$ili%ie() A,ailaili%y #& P#.er)

L#$al 1#,ernmen% *#li$ie() Na%'ral and Clima%i$ C#n(idera%i#n() 0inan$e)


5/27

INTRODUCTION

Chl#rine i( man'&a$%'red y ele$%r#ly(in1rine 2$#n$en%ra%ed (#di'm $hl#ride (#l'%i#n3)

The main *r#$e((e( '(ed are %he Mer$'ry4dia*hra1m and memrane $ell ele$%r#ly(i()

Ea$h me%h#d di5eren% me%h#d #& kee*in1 %he$hl#rine *r#d'$ed a% %he an#de (e*ara%e &r#m%he (#di'm hydr#/ide and hydr#1en *r#d'$eda% %he $a%h#de)


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INTRODUCTION

The hydr#1en and $hl#rine .#'ld i1ni%e(*#n%ane#'(ly and %he (#di'mhydr#/ide and $hl#rine .#'ld rea$% %#

rm (#di'm hy*#$hl#ri%e

rine i( a hi1hly $#n$en%ra%ed (#l'%i#n

#& (#di'm hydr#/ide 2NaOH3


7/27

THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS

S#di'm $hl#ride (#l'%i#n $#n%ain(6 (#di'm i#n(

$hl#ride i#n(

hydr#1en i#n( 2&r#m %he .a%er34

hydr#/ide i#n( 2&r#m %he .a%er3) The hydr#1en and hydr#/ide i#n( $#me &r#m %he e+'iliri'm6

At any one time, the concentration of hydrogen ions or hydroxideions will be very small the position of equilibrium lies well tothe left-hand side.


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AT THE ANODE #%h Cl- and OH- i#n( m#,e %# %he an#de)

Only Cl- i#n( 'nder1# #/ida%i#n e$a'(e #& 1rea%er

$#n$en%ra%i#n %han OH- i#n()

The $hl#rine 1a( i( *'m*ed #5 &r#m %he %#* #& %hean#de $#m*ar%men%)

The $hl#rine i(4 h#.e,er4 $#n%amina%ed .i%h (mallam#'n%( #& #/y1en e$a'(e #& a rea$%i#n in,#l,in1hydr#/ide i#n( 1i,in1 '* ele$%r#n( a( .ell)

The $hl#rine ha( %# e *'ri7ed %# rem#,e %hi( #/y1en)


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AT THE CATHODE

#%h Na8 and H8 i#n( m#,e %# %he$a%h#de)

Only H8 i#n( 'nder1# red'$%i#ne$a'(e hydr#1en i( l#.er in %hedi($har1e (erie(2and %heele$%r#$hemi$al (erie(3 %han (#di'm)

The hydr#1en 1a( i( *'m*ed #5 &r#m%he %#* #& %he $a%h#de $#m*ar%men%)


10/27

THE NEED TO KEEP ALL PRODUCTS SEPARATE

I& $hl#rine $#me( in%# $#n%a$% .i%h hydr#1en i%*r#d'$e( a mi/%'re .hi$h .ill e/*l#de ,i#len%ly #ne/*#('re %# ('nli1h% #r hea%) Hydr#1en $hl#ride1a( .#'ld e *r#d'$ed (# %he 1a(e( need %# eke*% a*ar%)

H#.e,er4 $hl#rine al(# rea$%( .i%h (#di'mhyd#/ide (#l'%i#n %# *r#d'$e a mi/%'re #& (#di'm$hl#ride and (#di'm $hl#ra%e2 (#di'mhy*#$hl#ri%e3) Thi( mi/%'re i( $#mm#nly (#ld a(lea$h)

9 NaOH2a+3 8 Cl9213 NaOCl2a+3 8 NaCl2a+3


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THE DIAPHRAGM


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THE DIAPHRAGM

The dia*hra1m i( made #& a *#r#'( mi/%'re#& a(e(%#( and *#lymer() The (#l'%i#n $an(ee* %hr#'1h i% &r#m %he an#de $#m*ar%men%

in%# %he $a%h#de (ide) N#%i$e %ha% %here i( a hi1her le,el #& li+'id #n

%he an#de (ide) Tha% make( ('re %ha% %he:#. #& li+'id i( al.ay( &r#m le&% %# ri1h% -

*re,en%in1 any #& %he (#di'm hydr#/ide(#l'%i#n rmed 7ndin1 i%( .ay a$k %#.here $hl#rine i( ein1 *r#d'$ed)


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PRODUCTION OF THE CHLORINE

Chl#rine i( *r#d'$ed a% %he %i%ani'm an#dea$$#rdin1 %# %he e+'a%i#n6

I% i( $#n%amina%ed .i%h (#me #/y1en e$a'(e#& %he rea$%i#n6

The $hl#rine i( *'ri7ed y li+'i&yin1 i% 'nder*re(('re) The #/y1en (%ay( a( a 1a( .hen i% i($#m*re((ed a% #rdinary %em*era%'re()


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PRODUCTION OF THE HYDROGEN

The hydr#1en i( *r#d'$ed a% %he (%eel$a%h#de6


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PRODUCTION OF THE SODIUM HYDROXIDE

A dil'%e (#l'%i#n #& (#di'm hydr#/ide (#l'%i#n i( al(#*r#d'$ed a% %he $a%h#de 2(ee a#,e r %hee/*lana%i#n #& .ha% ha**en( a% %he $a%h#de3) I% i(hi1hly $#n%amina%ed .i%h 'n$han1ed (#di'm $hl#ride

(#l'%i#n) The (#di'm hydr#/ide (#l'%i#n lea,in1 %he $ell i(

$#n$en%ra%ed y e,a*#ra%i#n) D'rin1 %hi( *r#$e((4m#(% #& %he (#di'm $hl#ride $ry(%alli(e( #'% a( (#lid

(al%) The (al% $an e (e*ara%ed4 di((#l,ed in .a%er4and *a((ed %hr#'1h %he $ell a1ain)

E,en a&%er $#n$en%ra%i#n4 %he (#di'm hydr#/ide .ill(%ill $#n%ain a (mall *er$en%a1e #& (#di'm $hl#ride)


16/27

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN THE CHLORINEINDUSTRY

There (h#'ld e l#$al e/ha'(% ,en%ila%i#nand 1eneral dil'%i#n ,en%ila%i#n)


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18/27

A .#rker .h# handle( $hl#rine (h#'ld%h#r#'1hly .a(h hand(4 rearm(4 and &a$e.i%h (#a* and .a%er ere ea%in14 '(in1%#a$$# *r#d'$%(4 '(in1 %#ile% &a$ili%ie(4a**lyin1 $#(me%i$(4 #r %akin1 medi$a%i#n)


19/27

In %he e,en% #& a (*ill #r leak in,#l,in1 $hl#rine4 *er(#n( n#% .earin1

*r#%e$%i,e e+'i*men% and &'lly-en$a*('la%in14 ,a*#r-*r#%e$%i,e$l#%hin1 (h#'ld e re(%ri$%ed &r#m $#n%amina%ed area( 'n%il $lean'*ha( een $#m*le%ed) The ll#.in1 (%e*( (h#'ld e 'nder%akenll#.in1 a (*ill #r leak6

i) N#%i&y (a&e%y *er(#nnel)

ii) Rem#,e all (#'r$e( #& hea% and i1ni%i#n)

iii) Kee* all $#m'(%ile( 2.##d4 *a*er4 #il4 e%$)3 a.ay &r#m %he leak)i,) "en%ila%e *#%en%ially e/*l#(i,e a%m#(*here()

,) E,a$'a%e %he (*ill area r a% lea(% >? &ee% in all dire$%i#n()

,i) 0ind and (%#* %he leak i& %hi( $an e d#ne .i%h#'% ri(k@ i& n#%4 m#,e%he leakin1 $#n%ainer %# an i(#la%ed area 'n%il 1a( ha( di(*er(ed) The$ylinder may e all#.ed %# em*%y %hr#'1h a red'$in1 a1en% ('$h a((#di'm i('l7de and (#di'm i$ar#na%eliB

,ii) U(e .a%er (*ray %# red'$e ,a*#r(@ d# n#% *'% .a%er dire$%ly #n %heleak #r (*ill area)

Re(*ira%#r( m'(% e .#rn i& %he amien% $#n$en%ra%i#n #& $hl#rinee/$eed( *re($ried e/*#('re limi%()


20/27

THE IMPACT O0 THE CHLOR-ALKALI INDUSTRY ON THEEN"IRONMENT

Negative Impacts Me!c"!# Emissi$%s

An earlier %y*e #& $ell '(ed :#.in1mer$'ry $a%h#de

Mer$'ry $ell '(e ha( een (%#**ed ymany $#'n%rie(

Mer$'ry en%er( %he #dy %h#'1h in1e(%i#n

Mer$'ry $an $a'(e ne'r#l#1i$al *r#lem(


21/27


e%.een ? and F? %#n( #& mer$'ry.a(%e .a( d'm*ed y a ne. &a$%#ry in%# %he.a%er( #& Minama%a ay4 !a*an)

The $#n%amina%ed .a(%e en%ered %he #d$hain %hr#'1h %he *lank%#n) The 7(h a%e %he*lank%#n and %he *e#*le a%e %he 7(h) S# ,ia

i#a$$'m'la%i#n in 7(he(4 e%$ h'man( 1#%ne'r#l#1i$al *r#lem( &r#m %he mer$'ry in%he 7(he()


22/27


The *e#*le de,el#*ed me%hyl mer$'ry*#i(#nin1)

Their aie( .ere #rn .i%h (e,ere

an#rmali%ie()


23/27


As&est$s The dia*hra1m $ell '(e( *#r#'( a(e(%#( %#

kee* %he *r#d'$%( (e*ara%e

A(e(%#( 7er( are %hin4 (har* $ry(%al(

En%er( %he #dy ei%her y inhala%i#n #rin1e(%i#n

A(e(%#( i( $ar$in#1eni$ G$an$er#'(4 andmay al(# $a'(e a(e(%#(i( andme(#%heli#ma)


24/27


Ot'e! impacts Chemi$al *r#$e((e( %ha% '(e $hl#rine

0#r e/am*le6 C'($!i%e &(eac'i%g $) *$$+ p"(p

2relea(e #& di#/in3) P!$+"cti$% $) P,Cs 2relea(e #& di#/in

and hydr#$hl#ri$ 1a( .hen in$inera%edand al(# n#n i#de1radale3

P!$+"cti$% $) CFCs 2de*le%e %he

#z#ne layer3


25/27


P$sitive impacts Hydr#1en 1a( i( '(ed in %he rem#,al #&

('l&'r &r#m *e%r#le'm deri,a%i,e(4 red'$in1%he(e emi((i#n()

Hydr#1en 1a( i( al(# a ra. ma%erial r &'el

$ell( an al%erna%i,e (#'r$e #& ener1y


26/27

OTHER IMPACTS

T# make ea$hed .hi$h #&%en $#n%ain (#di'm $hl#ra%e 2I3 (#di'mhy*#$hl#ri%e

T# make ,inyl $hl#ride %he m#n#mer r %he *la(%i$4 *#ly,inyl $hl#ride2P"C3

T# make hal#1en#alkane( r $hemi$al (yn%he(i(

T# make anae(%he%i$( .hi$h #&%en ha,e :'#rine in %hem a( .ell

T# make aer#(#l( 2al%h#'1h %he *r#d'$%i#n #& $hl#rine-$#n%ainin1aer#(#l( ha( de$rea(ed re$en%ly d'e %# %heir e5e$% #n %he #z#ne layer3

T# make (#l,en%( ('$h a( %ri$hl#r#e%hane 2%he *r#d'$%i#n #& %he(e i(al(# de$rea(in1 d'e %# %heir %#/i$i%y a( .ell a( %heir e5e$% #n %he#z#ne layer3) S#me #& %he(e (#l,en%( are (%ill '(ed r dry $leanin1)

T# make re&ri1eran%() Chl#rine- and :'#rine-$#n%ainin1 hydr#$ar#n(2$hl#r#:'#r#$ar#n(3 are 1##d re&ri1eran%( '% %heir '(e ha( de$linedin re$en% year()

T# make in(e$%i$ide( and dye(%'5()

S%eriliza%i#n in (.immin1 *##l( and .a%er %rea%men% .#rk()


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THE END

New Chlorine Presentation

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