Chemistry 163B Multicomponent Phase Rule, Phase Diagram, Ideal Solutions, Osmosis 1 1 Chemistry 163B Multicomponent Phase Rule Solution Behavior and Misc Handout 2 phase rule and Cd-Bi phase diagram Cd (s) +Bi (s) liquid + Cd(s) liq+ Bi(s) liquid • f=2+c-p • c=2 (Ni, Cd) • f=4-p • set P=1atm • f reaining =3-p • variables: T, χ Cd in liquid Cd (s) +Bi (s) P= 1 atm "χ Cd "→ 3 Listen up!!! UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION OF THE PHASE RULE AND THIS BINARY COMPONENT PHASE DIAGRAM it may be very good for your future happiness 4 phase rule and Cd-Bi phase diagram Cd (s) +Bi (s) liquid • f=2+c-p • c=2 • f=4-p • set P=1atm • f reaining =3-p • variables: T, χ Cd liquid, p=1, f=2 T, χ cd , vary solid < 146° C, p=2, f=1 T, vary note: Cd(s) and Bi(s) are pure solids 5 phase rule and Cd-Bi phase diagram liquid + Cd(s) liq+ Bi(s) • f=2+c-p • c=2 • f=4-p • set P=1atm • f reaining =3-p • variables: T, χ Cd liquid + Cd(s), p=2, f=1 T or χ cd can vary Cd(s) just appears lower T χ Cd fixed χ Cd 6 phase rule and Cd-Bi phase diagram (eutectic) liquid + Cd(s) liq+ Bi(s) liquid +Cd(s) + Bi(s) p=3, f=0 T and χ cd fixed Cd(s) just appears Bi(s) just appears eutectic=constant freezing composition (mixture) T=146° C, χ Cd =0.55 =0.39 wt% Cd (s) +Bi (s)
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Molecular Basis for Ideal Molecular Basis for Ideal Sol’nsSol’ns..
In pure liquid A, there are In pure liquid A, there are only only AA--AA interactions.interactions.In pure liquid B, there are In pure liquid B, there are only only BB--BB interactions.interactions.In solutions of A and B, In solutions of A and B, there are there are AA--BB interactions as interactions as well.well.∆∆HHmixingmixing= 0= 0means that all three means that all three interactions are of equal interactions are of equal strengthstrength..
I. The partial molar volume of each component in solution is the same as its molar volume in pure liquid and thus the volume of the solution is the additive volume of the pure components
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