New Brunswick Analysis 2016 Census Topic: Income · 2016 Census Topic: Income New Brunswick Analysis Page 4 of 20 A census family is defined as a married or common law couple and

Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour

January 2018

New Brunswick Analysis 2016 Census Topic: Income

2016 Census Topic: Income New Brunswick Analysis

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Contents

General Information ..................................................................................................................................... 2

Section 1 – Household Income ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Household Income – National Context ............................................................................................... 2

1.2 Household Income – Types of Households ......................................................................................... 3

1.3 Household Income – Sub-provincial ................................................................................................... 5

CMA/CAs ............................................................................................................................................... 5

Counties (Census Divisions) .................................................................................................................. 5

Communities (Census Subdivisions) ..................................................................................................... 6

Section 2 – Individual Income ....................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Individual Income – National Context ................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Individual Income – Income Distribution ............................................................................................ 8

2.3 Individual Income – Sources of Income .............................................................................................. 9

2.4 Individual Income – Age and Sex ...................................................................................................... 11

2.5 Individual Income – Sub-provincial ................................................................................................... 12

CMA/CAs ............................................................................................................................................. 12

Counties (Census Divisions) ................................................................................................................ 13

Communities (Census Subdivisions) ................................................................................................... 14

Section 3 – Low Income .............................................................................................................................. 15

3.1 Low Income – National Context ........................................................................................................ 15

3.2 Low Income – Sub-provincial ............................................................................................................ 17

CMA/CAs ............................................................................................................................................. 17

Counties (Census Divisions) ................................................................................................................ 17

Communities (Census Subdivisions) ................................................................................................... 19

Appendix ..................................................................................................................................................... 20


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General Information

On September 13, 2017, the fourth wave of data from the 2016 Census of Population was released. This

document will cover some of the key findings concerning the income data that was included in this

release, focusing on New Brunswick.

For the first time in 2016, the Census of Population Program gathered income information solely from

administrative data sources (T1 filings, tax slips and CRA-administered government programs). The use

of administrative data reduces respondent burden at the time of data collection and increases the

quality and quantity of income data available. For all income and contribution variables, the reference

period is the year 2015, and only individuals living in private households are included. To be consistent

with Statistics Canada various data tables and publications, all historical comparisons in this document

are made to 2005, with all income adjusted for inflation (2015 constant dollars). For more detailed

information, a Census Income Reference Guide is available on Statistics Canada’s website.i

Income data is a valuable tool that allows for governments, non-profits, and other organizations to make

better informed decisions about socio-economic policies and programs. Individuals and businesses can

use income data to help determine where to reside or locate.

Income is intrinsically linked to labour, education, tax and social policies, mobility and immigration,

housing, and numerous other important topics. Additional information on income and how it relates to

some of these topics will become available over the coming months, with further Census data releases

scheduled for October 25, 2017 and November 29, 2017.

Section 1 – Household Income

1.1 Household Income – National Context

New Brunswick had the lowest median household total income of the provinces and territories

in 2015 at $59,347; nationally, median household total income was $70,336.

Between 2005 and 2015, median household total income (adjusted for inflation) in New

Brunswick increased by $4,895 (+11.0%), the tenth largest increase of the provinces and

territories. Nationally, median household total income increased by $6,879 (+10.8%) during this

same time period (largely influenced by Ontario, which saw only a 3.8% increase).

The other Maritime Provinces, along with Quebec, had similar median household total income

levels to New Brunswick, and experienced similar growth between 2005 and 2015.

Total income is the sum of income from all sources before taxes are deducted. It can be broken down into two major categories: market income (e.g. employment income, investment income, private retirement income, etc.) and government transfers (e.g. Old Age Security Pension, Canadian Pension Plan, Employment Insurance, child benefits, etc.)


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It’s worth noting that when comparing household incomes between different regions, that one

region having a higher median household total income doesn’t necessarily correspond to higher

salaries or wages in that region. Factors such as the type of families/households living in that

region (e.g. a region where people typically live alone would likely have a lower median

household total income) and the demographics in that region (e.g. a region with an older

population is more likely to have fewer employed residents, thus having lower total incomes),

have a significant effect on median household total income.

1.2 Household Income – Types of Households

On a relative basis, increases in median household total income in New Brunswick outpaced

national growth for all household types; however, this is in part the result of income levels in the

province being lower to begin with. In terms of absolutes, median household income growth in

the province outpaced Canada for households consisting of only one census family while trailing

slightly behind for other household types.

Median household total income for couples with children in New Brunswick increased

considerably between 2005 and 2015 (+21.4%, +$17,577).

While income for both couples with children and lone-parent households has risen considerably

since 2005, the amount of couples with children households continues to decrease, leading to

more children being in, lower income, lone-parent households.

$70,336

$67,272

$61,163

$60,764

$59,347

$59,822

$74,287

$68,147

$75,412

$93,835

$69,995

$84,521

$117,688

$97,441

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

YT

NT

NU

Median Household Total Income by Province/Territory (2015)

+10.8%

+28.9%

+11.1%

+10.2%

+11.0%

+8.9%

+3.8%

+20.3%

+36.5%

+24.0%

+12.2%

+18.9%

+24.5%

+36.7%

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

YT

NT

NU

Relative Change in Median Household Total Income by Province/Territory

(2005-2015)


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A census family is defined as a married or common law couple and the children, if any, of either and/or both partners, or a lone parent with at least one child living in the same dwelling (and that child or those children). All members of a particular census family live in the same dwelling. Other census-family households include one-census-family households in which additional persons are present and multiple-census-family households. Non-census-family households include one-person households, and two or more person non-census-family households.

Median Household Total Income by Household Type (New Brunswick and Canada)

New Brunswick Canada

Household Type Median (2015)

% Change (2005-15)

Median (2015)

% Change (2005-15)

Census-family households $75,618 +15.4% $90,127 +13.0% One census family households $74,307 +15.2% $87,989 +12.5%

Couple, without children $68,151 +15.2% $79,343 +12.5% Couple, with children $99,711 +21.4% $112,545 +15.9% Lone-parent $42,035 +20.1% $52,265 +14.4%

Other census-family households $92,267 +17.8% $110,599 +14.6% Non-census-family households $31,376 +13.5% $37,955 +10.9% All Household Types $59,347 +11.0% $70,336 +10.8%

In 2015, of those living together as a couple (married or common law) in the province, the

higher total income recipient’s income represented 69.4% of the couple’s total income.

In 2015, 82.4% of New Brunswick couples (married or common-law) had at least one

employment income recipient (85.5% nationally), while 59.2% of couples had two employment

income recipients (61.7% nationally).


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1.3 Household Income – Sub-provincial

CMA/CAs

Of the seven CMA/CAs in the province in 2015, Fredericton had the highest median household

income ($66,877), while Campbellton had the lowest ($49,088).

Median household total income in Miramichi was up 14.3% since 2005, the largest proportional

increase of the New Brunswick (NB) CMA/CAs, while Bathurst saw only a 4.6% increase, the

lowest of the CMAs/CAs. This significant increase in household income in Miramichi was likely in

part a result of the relocation of a federal pay centre to the area.

Counties (Census Divisions)

Of the fifteen counties in the province, Kings County ($76,290) and Sunbury County ($71,512)

had the highest median household total incomes, while Queens County ($49,146) and Victoria

County ($49,146) had the lowest medians.

Kent County (+16.4%) and Northumberland County (+16.0%) saw the largest increases in median

household total income between 2005 and 2015 in the province. On the other hand, Albert

County (+3.5%) and Madawaska County (+5.1%) experienced the smallest increases.

$53,660

$49,088

$52,960

$66,877

$57,930

$62,871

$63,737

$59,347

Bathurst

Campbellton

Edmundston

Fredericton

Miramichi

Moncton

Saint John

NB

Median Household Total Income by CMA/CA (New Brunswick, 2015)

+4.6%

+9.1%

+5.6%

+8.0%

+14.3%

+5.6%

+9.8%

+11.0%

Bathurst

Campbellton

Edmundston

Fredericton

Miramichi

Moncton

Saint John

NB

Change in Median Household Total Income by CMA/CA

(New Brunswick, 2005-2015)


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Communities (Census Subdivisions)

In 2015, eight of the ten communities (Census Subdivisions) with the highest median household

total income levels (of areas where data was available) in the province were located in either

York County or Kings County. While communities with the highest median household income

levels tended to have higher income levels across all household types, they also tended to have

more one couple census family (with or without children) households, and fewer of the other

household types (i.e. lone-parent households, other census family households, and non-census

family households).

While the low income levels seen in many First Nations communities are a concerning and

important topic, a great deal of caution should be taken when comparing these income statistics

to those of non-First-Nations communities. As Statistics Canada notes: “The existence of

substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and

sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting,

farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these

situations.” For these reasons, along with high non-response rates seen in many of these

communities, First Nations communities were excluded from our analysis in this section.

The communities with the lowest median household incomes generally had low population

levels. In 2015, Communities that ranked in the bottom ten in terms of median household

income (excluding First Nations communities) in the province had an average population of

1,116.


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Median household total income for non-First-Nation communities in the province ranged from

$35,840 to $102,713 in 2015. The below graphs show the non-First-Nation communities that

had the highest and lowest median household total income levels in the province in 2015.

For a list of standard geographical classification abbreviations, visit:

https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/subjects/standard/sgc/2016/abbreviations.

Section 2 – Individual Income

2.1 Individual Income – National Context

New Brunswick’s working-age population (ages 15 and older) had the second lowest median

individual total income of the provinces and territories in 2015 at $30,961; nationally, median

individual total income was $34,204.

Between 2005 and 2015, median individual total income in New Brunswick (for the working-age

population) increased by $4,895 (+18.8%), the ninth largest increase of the provinces and

territories. Nationally, median individual total income increased by $3,845 (+12.7%) during this

same time period.

$102,713

$101,968

$95,061

$90,573

$88,623

$88,036

$84,813

$78,464

$77,466

$77,074

New Maryland, VL

Quispamsis, TV

Hanwell, RCR

Kingsclear, P

Rothesay, TV

New Maryland, P

Grand Bay-Westfield, TV

Hampton, P

Tide Head, VL

Oromocto, TV

Communities (Census Subdivisions) With the Highest Median Household Total Income (New Brunswick, 2015)

$35,840

$36,403

$38,613

$38,784

$38,985

$39,125

$39,296

$40,021

$40,064

$41,440

Maisonnette, VL

Durham, P

Richibucto, TV

Saint-Louis de Kent, VL

Minto, VL

Chipman, VL

Harcourt, P

Rogersville, VL

Port Elgin, VL

Paquetville, P

Communities (Census Subdivisions) With the Lowest Median Household Total Income (New Brunswick, 2015)

https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/subjects/standard/sgc/2016/abbreviations


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2.2 Individual Income – Income Distribution

In 2015 there were 27,510 New Brunswickers whose individual total income was $100,000 or

more, representing 4.4% of the working-age population, up from 2.8% in 2005. At a national

level, 7.9% of the population earned at least $100,000.

43.1% of working-age New Brunswickers earned under $25,000 in terms of individual total

income in 2015 (including those with zero or negative income), down considerably from 50.7%

in 2005. Nationally, this percentage was 41.2% in 2015.

$34,204

$31,754

$31,744

$31,813

$30,961

$32,975

$33,539

$34,188

$38,299

$42,717

$33,012

$45,804

$50,618

$29,743

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

YT

NT

NU

Median Individual Total Income by Province/Territory (2015)

+12.7%

+37.1%

+19.7%

+17.8%

+18.8%

+13.8%

+3.8%

+19.2%

+36.2%

+24.8%

+12.0%

+22.2%

+22.2%

+20.3%

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

YT

NT

NU

Relative Change in Median Individual Total Income by

Province/Territory (2005-2015)

0%

10%

20%

30%

Distribution of Individual Total Income (New Brunswick, 2005 and 2015)

2015 2005


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2.3 Individual Income – Sources of Income

68.3% of working-age New Brunswickers had employment income in 2015, up 0.2 p.p. from

2005. This percentage was in line with the Atlantic average (68.3%), but trailed behind the other

provinces and the country as a whole (71.3% of the population had employment income

nationally). Employment income accounted for 68.5% of total income in the province (with the

remaining 31.5% coming from a combination of other market income and government

transfers), compared to 72.0% at a national level.

Median employment income was $29,124 in the province in 2015. This represented an increase

of $3,627 since 2005 (the eighth largest increase among the provinces and territories), nearly

double the increase that was seen at a national level (+$1,886); despite this, New Brunswick still

trailed behind the national median of $33,684.

In terms of other market income, the percentage of New Brunswickers with investment income

decreased from 23.3% in 2005, to 19.5% in 2015. On the other hand, the percentage of New

Brunswickers with private retirement income increased from 13.2% to 16.6% during that same

period. As would be expected, these sources of income were much more common among older

groups: 57.7% of New Brunswickers ages 65 and up had private retirement income, and 34.2%

had some form of investment income.

*The key components of this variable (other government transfers) are social assistance benefits, workers' compensation

benefits, working income tax benefit, goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit, refundable provincial tax

credits, provincial income supplements for seniors, other provincial credits, benefits and rebates, veterans' pensions, war

veterans' allowance, pensions to widow(er)s and dependants of veterans.

Market Income

•Employment Income •Investment Income •Private Retirement Income •Market Income n.i.e.

Government Transfers

•OAS/GIS, CPP/QPP, EI, Child Benefits and Other Government Transfers*

Total Income (Before-Tax)

After-Tax Income

Income Taxes


Page 10 of 20

Median Amount by Income Source, Individuals, Working-Age Population (New Brunswick, 2015)

Source of Income Working-Age

Population with an Amount

Percentage of Working-Age

Population with an Amount

Median Amount

Total income 594,710 95.9% $30,961

Market income 516,775 83.3% $28,444

Employment income 423,915 68.3% $29,124

Wages, salaries and commissions 400,445 64.5% $30,127

Net self-employment income 42,945 6.9% $5,560

Investment income 120,940 19.5% $428

Private retirement income 102,765 16.6% $16,394

Market income not included elsewhere 80,580 13.0% $2,001

Government transfers 439,645 70.9% $8,164

Old Age Security pension (OAS) and Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS)

134,290 21.6% $6,810

Canada Pension Plan (CPP/QPP) 188,790 30.4% $6,618

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits 100,855 16.3% $7,283

Child benefits 79,920 12.9% $3,560

Other government transfers 263,425 42.5% $413

After-tax income 594,920 95.9% $28,107

Income taxes (Paid to Government) 402,910 64.9% $5,598

70.9% of working-age New Brunswickers received some form of government transfer in 2015,

up 6.1 p.p. from 2005. At a national level, 68.9% of the working-age population received some

form of government transfer in 2015, up 8.6 p.p. since 2005.

While the majority of New Brunswickers (and Canadians) received government transfers,

transfers only accounted for a relatively small percentage of total income. In 2015, government

transfers accounted for 16.8% of total income in the province in 2015; nationally, they

accounted for 11.7%.

The median amount received from transfers in the province was $8,164 in 2015, up from $7,125

in 2005 (+$1,039, +14.6%).

In 2015, the most commonly received government transfer in New Brunswick (and Canada) was

the GST/HST credit (categorized under “other transfers”); 39.9% of New Brunswickers received a

transfer from this credit, with the median amount received being $344.

While the median amount received from OAS, GIS, and CPP/QPP transfers did not change

significantly between 2005 and 2015, the number of working-age New Brunswickers who

received these transfers increased significantly during this time (+5.0 p.p. for OAS/GIS recipients,

and +7.9 p.p. for CPP/QPP recipients), a by-product of the province’s aging population.

99.3% of New Brunswickers ages 65 and up were receiving government transfers in 2015 (with

the median amount received being $15,105), including 94.8% receiving OAS/GIS transfers and

95.6% receiving CPP/QPP transfers.


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2.4 Individual Income – Age and Sex

Median individual total income for New Brunswick’s core working-age population (ages 25 to

54) was $39,982 in 2015, while median employment income for the core working-age was

$38,276.

Between 2005 and 2015, in terms of absolutes, within the province, those between the ages of

35 and 44 saw the largest increase in total income (+$7,688), while in relative terms, those

between the ages of 15 and 24 saw the greatest increase (+32.4%). This increase in income for

youth was largely influenced by the province’s minimum wage, which increased by 63.5% during

this same timeii. According to Labour Force Survey estimates, as of 2015, the median hourly

wage rate for New Brunswickers ages 15-24 was $11.36iii, with 23.2% of this population earning

minimum wageiv.

Between 2005 and 2015, those ages 75 and up saw the smallest increases in terms of income,

both in terms of absolutes (+$1,358) and on a relative basis (+6.5%).

70.9%

21.1% 9.5%

30.4% 16.3% 12.9%

42.5%

Any OAS GIS CPP/QPP EI Benefits Child Benefits Other Transfers

Percentage of Working-Age Population Receiving Government Transfers, by Type (New Brunswick, 2015)

$8,164 $6,798

$3,909

$6,618 $7,283

$3,560

$413

Any OAS GIS CPP/QPP EI Benefits Child Benefits Other Transfers

Median Amount Received from Government Transfers, by Type (New Brunswick, 2015)

$11,841

$34,184 $42,343 $40,355

$34,893

$25,066 $22,163

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-65 65-74 75+

Median Individual Total Income by Age Group (New Brunswick, 2015)


Page 12 of 20

Median total income for males was nearly $12,000 higher than median total income for females

in 2015, although, this gap was slightly smaller than it was in was in 2005, with the median total

income for females increasing by $4,973 during this time, compared to $4,302 for males.

The gap in median total income between sexes is widest for those between the ages of 35 and

74. While this gap was smaller for those between the ages of 15 and 24, the median for males

was nonetheless $1,267 higher compared to the female median. This gap is likely in large part a

product of both the number of hours being worked for each sex (e.g. males worked on average

7.1 more hours than females per week in 2015 according to the Labour Force Surveyv), and the

type of occupations and industries that individuals from each sex are working in. More insight

into this will be available in November when Census data on labour and education is released.

2.5 Individual Income – Sub-provincial

CMA/CAs

Of the seven CMA/CAs in the province in 2015, Fredericton had the highest median (individual)

total income ($34,929), while Campbellton had the lowest ($27,965).

Median individual total income in Miramichi experienced a 23.7% increase between 2005 and

2015, the largest proportional increase of the NB CMA/CAs, well above the provincial average

(+18.8%), and almost double the relative growth seen at a national level (+12.7%).

While median household total income in Bathurst only increased by 4.6% between 2005 and

2015, the lowest of the NB CMA/CAs, median individual total income in Bathurst grew by 18.1%,

the third largest growth of the NB CMA/CAs. This disparity is in large part due to the typical

household in Bathurst becoming smaller (in terms of number of people). In 2016, one person

households represented 29.6% of total households in Bathurst, up significantly from 23.1% in

2006 (furthermore, a larger percentage of couples were living without children).

$20,823

$33,214 $25,796

$37,516

Female Male

Median Individual Total Income by Sex (New Brunswick, 2005 and 2015)

2005 2015


Page 13 of 20


Similar to what is seen with household income, counties in the Northeast and Northwest ERs

(along with Queens County) lagged behind in terms of median (individual) total income, while

Sunbury County and Kings County had favourable median individual total income levels ($37,057

and $36,055 respectively).

Median individual total income grew significantly in the Northeast ER, with Northumberland,

Restigouche and Gloucester seeing 25.4%, 21.7%, and 24.4% growth between 2005 and 2015

respectively; Kent County, in the Southeast, also saw significant growth (+25.6%). In terms of

absolutes however, Sunbury County (+$6,457) and Kings County (+$5,999) saw the greatest

growth. On the other hand, the Carleton, Queens, Saint John and Victoria counties saw relatively

little growth.

Only 58.0% of the Queens County population had employment income in 2015 (down from

58.6% in 2005), the lowest percentage of the provinces fifteen counties; on the other end of the

spectrum, 74.6% of Sunbury County had employment income (up from 73.6% in 2005).

79.8% of the Gloucester County population received at least one type of government transfer in

2015, the highest of the New Brunswick counties, including 28.3% receiving Employment

Insurance benefits (at some point during the year).

$28,701

$27,965

$29,922

$34,929

$30,172

$33,587

$33,488

$30,961

Bathurst

Campbellton

Edmundston

Fredericton

Miramichi

Moncton

Saint John

NB

Median Individual Total Income by CMA/CA (New Brunswick, 2015)

+18.1%

+18.5%

+15.1%

+16.0%

+23.7%

+13.5%

+16.7%

+18.8%

Bathurst

Campbellton

Edmundston

Fredericton

Miramichi

Moncton

Saint John

NB

Relative Change in Median Individual Total Income by CMA/CA



Page 14 of 20


Rankings of communities with the highest and lowest median individual total income levels are

very similar to the rankings that were seen for median household total income (See

“Communities” in “Household Income” section). On the high end, one noticeable difference is

that the town of Oromocto, which had the tenth highest median household total income level,

has the highest median individual income level. This is large a product of the type of households

in Oromocto compared to other communities like New Maryland for example. 76.0% of

households in New Maryland (village) are married or common-law couples, with or without

children, living without additional people; in contrast, this share is only 58.1% for the town of

Oromocto, with more people living alone and in other household types (i.e. fewer earners per

household). Differences in household structure such as this are what drive the differences in

rankings between household and individual income.

For the reasons that were discussed in the household income communities section (earlier in

the report), First Nations communities were excluded from our community-level analysis. The

below graphs show the non-First-Nation communities that had the highest and lowest median

individual total income levels in the province in 2015.


Page 15 of 20

Section 3 – Low Income

3.1 Low Income – National Context

New Brunswick had the second highest prevalence of low income of the provinces and

territories in 2015 (17.1%, according to the LIM-AT). This rate was in line with the rates of the

other Maritime Provinces, but well above the national average (14.2%), although, while the

prevalence of low income increased slightly (+0.2 p.p.) between 2005 and 2015 at a national

level, it saw a slight decrease in New Brunswick (-0.1 p.p.).

As of 2015, low income was much more prevalent for children ages 0 to 17 in the province

(22.2%) compared to the country as a whole (17.0%). While this rate fell at the national level

from its 2005 level (driven primarily by significant decreases in Newfoundland and Labrador and

Saskatchewan), it increased slightly within the province, in part due to a relative increase in the

percentage of children living in lone-parent households.

A larger proportion of seniors (ages 65 and up) were living in low income in the province in 2015

(20.2%) compared to 2005 (17.0%). A similar trend was seen at a national level, where low

income prevalence increased from 12.0% to 14.5%.

The After-tax Low-Income Measure (LIM-AT) is a threshold representing a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted household after-tax income, where “adjusted” indicates that household needs are taken into account. In 2015, according to LIM-AT, a household of four with an after-tax income of under $44,266 (or a person living alone with an after-tax income under $22,133) was considered to be living in low income.

$46,336

$46,025

$43,686

$43,552

$42,549

$42,445

$41,248

$39,582

$38,810

$37,376

Oromocto, TV

New Maryland, VL

Quispamsis, TV

Hanwell, RCR

Rothesay, TV

New Maryland, P

Kingsclear, P

Dieppe, C


Tide Head, VL

Communities (Census Subdivisions) With the Highest Median Individual Total Income (New Brunswick, 2015)

$19,136

$20,224

$21,547

$21,751

$22,400

$22,432

$22,528

$22,912

$22,940

$23,040

Durham, P

Maisonnette, VL

Harcourt, P

Paquetville, P

Bath, VL

Saint-Isidore, P

Wickham, P

Doaktown, VL

Minto, VL

Chipman, VL

Communities (Census Subdivisions) With the Lowest Median Individual

Total Income (New Brunswick, 2015)


Page 16 of 20

While the low income measure is the most commonly used low income measure for the purpose of making international comparisons, other measures of low income, such as the Low-Income Cut-offs (LICOs) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM), are available, with each measure (including LIM) having its own advantages and disadvantages.

14.2%

15.4%

16.9%

17.2%

17.1%

14.6%

14.4%

15.4%

12.8%

9.3%

15.5%

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

Prevalence of Low Income, All Ages (2015; LIM-AT)

17.0%

17.8%

21.7%

22.2%

22.2%

14.3%

18.4%

21.9%

17.8%

12.8%

18.5%

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

Prevalance of Low Income, Ages 0-17, by

Province (2015; LIM-AT) 14.5%

23.4%

19.8%

17.9%

20.2%

18.7%

12.0%

13.9%

14.5%

8.6%

14.9%

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

Prevalence of Low Income, Ages 65+

(2015; LIM-AT)

0.2

-4.6

1.4

0.0

-0.1

-0.7

1.5

-0.3

-4.0

-0.5

0.1

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

Change in Prevalence of Low Income, All Ages, (2005-2015; LIM-AT)

Changes in Percentage Points

-0.1

-7.7

1.8

-0.4

0.2

-1.9

1.7

0.2

-4.1

-0.1

-0.1

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

Change in Prevalance of Low Income, Ages 0-17,

(2005-2015; LIM-AT) Change in Percentage Points

2.5

1.5

2.8

2.8

3.2

2.5

2.9

0.8

-1.3

2.4

2.9

Canada

NL

PE

NS

NB

QC

ON

MB

SK

AB

BC

Change in Prevalence of Low Income, Ages 65+,

(2005-2015; LIM-AT) Changes in Percentage Points


Page 17 of 20

3.2 Low Income – Sub-provincial

CMA/CAs

21.0% of the Campbellton population was in low income in 2015, this represented the highest

low income prevalence rate of the seven CMA/CAs in the province (fifth highest nationally).

Nonetheless, this represented an improvement from 2005, when 22.0% of the Campbellton

population was in low income. In contrast, 15.5% of the Moncton and Fredericton populations

were in low income, the lowest of the NB CMA/CAs (but still above the national average).

Between 2005 and 2015, Edmundston saw the greatest increase in terms of low income

prevalence of the NB CMAs/CAs, with its rate increasing from 16.5% to 18.2%.

Low income prevalence in Non-CMA/CA NB decreased by 1.3 p.p. between 2005 and 2015.

Prevalence of Low Income (LIM-AT) by CMA/CA (New Brunswick, 2015)

CMA/CA 2005 2015 Change Bathurst 18.5% 18.7% +0.2 p.p. Campbellton 22.0% 21.0% -1.0 p.p. Edmundston 16.5% 18.2% +1.7 p.p. Fredericton 13.9% 15.5% +1.6 p.p. Miramichi 16.9% 16.5% -0.4 p.p. Moncton 14.4% 15.5% +1.1 p.p. Saint John 16.0% 16.7% +0.7 p.p. Non-CMA/CA 19.8% 18.5% -1.3 p.p. Total Population 17.2% 17.1% -0.1 p.p.


Page 18 of 20


Of the five Economic Regions (ERs) In New Brunswick in 2015, low income was most prevalent in

the Northeast (19.5%) and Northwest (19.4%) ERs, and least prevalent in the Southeast ER

(15.4%).

While the two northern ERs had very similar low income prevalence rates in 2015, between 2005

and 2015, their trends were very different. While the low income rate in the Northeast decreased

by 1.5 p.p., the Northwest’s low income rate increased by 1.7 p.p. during that same time.

Within the Northeast ER, low income was most prevalent in Restigouche County (21.0%), while

in the Northwest ER, it was most prevalent in Victoria County (22.0%). In Sunbury County, within

the Central ER, only 9.5% of the population were in low income.

The low income rate saw moderate decreases in the Gloucester, Kent, Sunbury, and Restigouche

counties between 2005 and 2015. On the other hand, moderate increases were seen in the

Carleton, York, Queens, Saint John, Victoria and Madawaska counties.

Prevalence of Low Income (LIM-AT) by Economic Region (New Brunswick, 2015)

Economic Region (ER) All Ages (2015)

Change (2005-15)

Ages 0-17 (2015)

Ages 65+ (2015)

Northeast ER 19.5% -1.5 p.p. 24.0% 26.8% Northumberland 18.3% -0.5 p.p. 23.5% 23.9% Restigouche 21.0% -1.1 p.p. 26.7% 26.1% Gloucester 19.5% -2.2 p.p. 23.2% 28.7%

Southeast ER 15.4% 0.0 p.p. 20.1% 17.5% Albert 12.2% -0.3 p.p. 17.0% 12.7% Westmorland 15.8% +0.5 p.p. 20.5% 16.7% Kent 16.8% -2.2 p.p. 21.3% 24.9%

Southwest ER 17.4% +0.1 p.p. 24.0% 17.1% Saint John 21.8% +1.5 p.p. 32.4% 18.5% Charlotte 19.5% -0.9 p.p. 27.0% 20.8% Kings 12.0% -0.7 p.p. 15.6% 14.0%

Central ER 15.5% +0.7 p.p. 22.5% 15.6% Sunbury 9.5% -2.2 p.p. 11.8% 15.0% Queens 23.3% +1.2 p.p. 33.1% 24.8% York 16.4% +1.7 p.p. 24.7% 14.0%

Northwest ER 19.4% +1.7 p.p. 24.1% 25.0% Carleton 19.1% +3.0 p.p. 24.2% 22.9% Victoria 22.0% +1.2 p.p. 28.7% 27.7% Madawaska 18.2% +1.1 p.p. 21.2% 24.9%

Total Population 17.1% -0.1 p.p. 22.2% 20.2%


Page 19 of 20

In 2015, Saint John County had the seventh highest prevalence of low income for children ages 0

to 17 in the country, at 32.4% (up from 28.8% in 2005).

In 2015, thirteen of the fifteen counties in the province had a prevalence of low income for

children ages 0 to 17 that was as high, or higher, than the national average (17.0%), with

Sunbury County (11.8%) and Kings County (15.6%) being the two exceptions.

The Northeast and Northwest ERs (especially Gloucester County and Victoria County) had very

high prevalence of lower income for seniors (ages 65 and up) in 2015, at 26.8% and 25.0%

respectively.


A significant number of the communities with the highest prevalence rates of low income were

located in the Northwest ER, although areas with low income were spread across the entire

province. (Note: as previously mentioned, First Nation communities are excluded from these

calculationsvi).

4.0%

5.3%

5.4%

5.9%

6.6%

7.0%

7.4%

7.9%

7.9%

8.0%

New Maryland, VL

Oromocto, TV

New Maryland, P

Tide Head, VL

Quispamsis, T

Hanwell, RCR


Kingsclear, P

Chatham, P

Burton, P

Communities (Census Subdivisions) With the Lowest Prevalence of Low

Income (New Brunswick, 2015)

38.6%

36.8%

29.8%

29.7%

29.5%

29.3%

28.6%

28.4%

28.4%

28.3%

Durham, P

Port Elgin, VL

Perth-Andover, VL

Minto, VL

Aroostook, VL

Maisonnette, VL

Belledune, VL

Sussex, TV

Dumbarton, P

Saint-Louis de Kent, VL

Communities (Census Subdivisions) With the Highest Prevalence of Low

Income (New Brunswick, 2015)


Page 20 of 20

Appendix

i Income Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/004/98-500-x2016004-eng.cfm#a4-3 ii Year-end minimum wages used for this calculation

iii Median hourly wage by age taken from CANSIM Table 282-0152.

iv See the 2017 New Brunswick Minimum Wage Factsheet for more information:

https://www.nbjobs.ca/sites/default/files/2017-08-11-nbmw-factsheet-en.pdf v Average actual hours worked (all workers) by sex taken from CANSIM Table 282-0018.

vi “The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and

sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.”

$55,223

$49,553

$52,793

$66,521

$61,903

$54,123

$53,387

$55,701

$76,290

$71,512

$48,539

$65,274

$55,749

$49,146

$53,146

Northeast ER

Northumberland

Restigouche

Gloucester

Southeast ER

Albert

Westmorland

Kent

Southwest ER

Saint John

Charlotte

Kings

Central ER

Sunbury

Queens

York

Northwest ER

Carleton

Victoria

Madawaska

Median Household Total Income by County (New Brunswick, 2015)

+16.0%

+10.2%

+11.9%

+3.5%

+8.3%

+16.4%

+7.0%

+15.2%

+12.0%

+8.0%

+9.0%

+8.6%

+8.0%

+8.1%

+5.1%

Northeast ER

Northumberland

Restigouche

Gloucester

Southeast ER

Albert

Westmorland

Kent

Southwest ER

Saint John

Charlotte

Kings

Central ER

Sunbury

Queens

York

Northwest ER

Carleton

Victoria

Madawaska

Change in Median Household Total Income by County


New Brunswick Analysis 2016 Census Topic: Income · 2016 Census Topic: Income New Brunswick Analysis Page 4 of 20 A census family is defined as a married or common law couple and

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