CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY COAL BED METHANE | COAL GASIFICATION | GEOTHERMAL | WIND POWER | SOLAR POWER | BIOFUEL | BIOMASS | Prepared by Muchsin
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CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT
N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
COAL BED METHANE | COAL GASIFICATION |
GEOTHERMAL | WIND POWER | SOLAR POWER | BIOFUEL | BIOMASS |
Prepared by Muchsin
N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
CONTENTS
1. BACKGROUND
2. NEW ENERGY
a. Coal Bed Methane
b. Coal Gasification
3. RENEWABLE ENERGY
a. Geothermal
b. Wind Power
c. Solar Power
e. Biofuel
f. Biomass
CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT
N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
BACKGROUND
CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT
Why New & Renewable Energy Are Important:
1. Energy Security (Import and Diversification) 2. Reduce the dependency of fossil fuels 3. Reduce greenhouse gas emission 4. Alternative energy for peak oil season 5. Because…….. It is renewable!
Indonesia Primary Energy Source
Source: USAID Report
Emission Source
Source: USAID Report
Indonesia Electricity Generation Based on Fuel (GWh)
N E W A N D R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
BACKGROUND
CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT
Indonesia Development Plant for New & Renewable Energy – Small Scale
Source: RUPTL PLN 2011-2020
CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT
N E W E N E R G Y
COAL BED METHANE | COAL GASIFICATION |
COAL BED METHANE
- Other names: coal bed gas; coal seam gas - It was formed during conversion of plant into coal - Safety risk in coal mining - It’s called sweet gas, cause lack of H2S - Production cost 1.5 – 2 x compare to conventional gas, even though the wells are shallower than conventional gas
TOTAL NATURAL GAS RESOURCES = 104.70 TCF (1.4% WORLD’S RESERVE, AVERAGE ANNUAL PRODUCTION 0.7 TCF) MAIN PLAYER INDONESIA: MEDCO ENERGY, VICO, EXXON MOBILE
TYPICAL PRODUCTION OF CBM
PROJECTS OPPORTUNITY: 1. Pipeline 2. Gas Processing Plant 3. Gas Fired Power Plant
5TH WORLD RANK
COAL GASIFICATION
- Gas produced from Coal Gasification is named syngas / synthetic gas - The process is using low rank coal (Only 13% of Indonesia’s coal reserve is high rank) - Syngas is released during “half” burning process - The syngas can be used as natural gas and also electricity generation. - Case study: PLN Kepri PLTGB 6MW Investment : 11,952,000 USD Economical : IRR 10%, Payback 6 years
TOTAL COAL RESSERVE = 5,529 MILLION TONNES (0.6% WORLD’S RESERVE, 2011 PRODUCTION 324.9 MILLION TONNES) 1 TONNE OF LIGNITE EQUAL TO 400 – 700 NM3 OF SYNGAS PROJECT DEVELOPMENT: PT BUKIT ASAM, PLN
COAL GASIFICATION PLANT
PROJECTS OPPORTUNITY: 1. Gasification Plant 2. Gas Fired Power Plant 3. Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plane
Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant
CONSTRUCTION & INVESTMENT
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
GEOTHERMAL | WIND POWER | SOLAR POWER | BIOFUEL | BIOMASS |
Geothermal Energy Technology Steam Gathering
System Power Plant
System
Geothermal Resources
Well Head
Separator
Piping
Surveys Conceptual Model Drilling
Reservoir Management
Turbine
Condensing
Plant Options
GEOTHERMAL SURFACE FEATURES
Associated with heat and mass discharged from the ground, and being the most obvious manifestations of a geothermal system. The type of surface features, with investigation of water color, pH, chemistry content, may be useful to classify geothermal area as a liquid or steam dominated system.
Steam Ground and Fumaroles (Steam Dominated System)
Bubbling Mud Pool (Steam Dominated System)
Geothermal System Temperature Production Enthalpy
Liquid Dominated 225 – 330 °C 1500 – 2000 kJ/kg
Steam Dominated 250 – 330 °C 2600 – 2800 kJ/kg
Cibuni Field is considered as steam dominated, high enthalphy 2600 kJ/kg, reservoir temperature 240 deg Celcius), refer to data of 1996.
Two Phase Geothermal System
Sinter Terraces, Geyser, Hot Pools (Liquid Dominated System) Boiling Water
(Liquid Dominated System)
GEOTHERMAL SURFACE FEATURES
Time Frame: 3 – 6 Months Locate & Assess a Prospect - Desktop Data Research & Analysis - Regional Reconnaissance - Geology & Geochemistry Resource Study - Historical Drilling Data - Infrastructure Availability
Assess Lease & Permits -Land Acquisition - Land Use Laws - Contact Federal Agencies - Water Right - Environmental Review
Establish Baseline Business Model -Economic Modeling Baseline - Resource Expectation Baseline - Project Scale Business - Electric Market Analysis - Land Use Cost - Land Use Limitation - Grid Compatibility, Interconnection Cost
Identification
Time Frame: 1 – 1.5 Years District Exploration - Geochemical Analysis - Geophysical Survey
Prospect Exploration - Exploratory Temperature Gradient Drilling - Resource Measurement
Permitting - Permitting Application – Procedures for Exploration - Environmental Impact Statement for Exploration
Re-Evaluate Business Model - Site, Scale & Technology Choice - Generation Potential Revisions - Feasibility Analysis
Exploration
Time Frame: 1 – 2 Years Design & Estimate Cost of Well - Design Characteristic - Geological Structure - Predicted Drilling Curve
Permits - Drilling Permits - Environmental Impact Statement for Drilling - Water Reintroduction
Assemble Equipment & Crew - Market Fluctuations w/ O & G - Crew Availability - Rig Cost & Maintenance - Daily Rate of Other Equipments
Drill, Test & Complete the Well - Reservoir Management - Casing - Pumps
Drilling & SGS
Time Frame: 1 – 2 Years Obtain Financing - Completed Power Purchase Agreement - Bankable Geothermal Reservoir Report - EPC Contract
Preliminary Facility Design - Equity Constraint - Geophysical Constraints - Temperature & Chemistry Constraints
EPC Manufacture EPC Construction Power Plant Production (O & M)
Production
Investment Landscape Power Purchase Agreement
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PHASES
Deloitte: Geothermal Risk Mitigation Strategies Report, 2008
(Peter Barnett – SKM, 2006)
Plant Size Cost
High Quality
Resource (US$ / kW -
2009)
Medium Quality
Resource (US$ / kW -
2009)
High Quality
Resource (US$ / kW -
2011)
Medium Quality
Resource (US$ / kW -
2011)
Small Plants < 5 MW
Exploration Steam Field Power Plant
1000 – 2000 250 – 500
2750 - 3250
1000 – 2500 750 – 1500 2750 - 3500
1043 – 2086 260 – 521
2868 - 3390
1043 – 2608 782 – 1565
2868 - 3650
Total 4000 - 5750 4500 - 7500 4172 - 5997 4694 - 7823
Medium Plants (5 – 30 MW)
Exploration Steam Field Power Plant
625 – 1000 500 – 1250 2125 - 3000
625 – 1500 1000 – 1750 2375 - 3000
652 – 1043 522 – 1304 2216 - 3129
652 – 1565 1043 – 1825 2477 - 3129
Total 3250 - 5250 4000 - 6250 3390 - 5478 4172 - 6519
Large Plants (> 30 MW)
Exploration Steam Field Power Plant
250 – 1000 750 – 1125 1875 - 2750
250 – 1000 750 – 1750 2125 - 2750
260 – 1043 782 – 1173
1956 - 2868
260 – 1043 782 – 1825 2216 - 2868
Total 2875 - 4375 3375 - 5500 2999 - 4563 3520 - 5734
Geothermal Power Direct Capital Cost per kW Installed Capacity
(Al-Dabbas, 2009)
Estimate US$ inflation rate 4.3% for period 2009 - 2011
STEAM FIELD EQUIPMENTS
Expansion Loop for Pipe Multiple Wells Separator
STEAM FIELD EQUIPMENTS
Geothermal Field
Separator and Silencer
Production Well Reinjection Well Piping
GEOTHERMAL DRILLING
DRILLING RIG (Left: Rick Mast and Platform, Right Above: BOP, Right Centre: Mud Pond, Right Bottom: Cementing Pump)
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
o Single Flash System o Double Flash System o Multi Flash System o Binary System o Combined Cycle (Flash + Binary)
Single Flash Double Flash
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
GEOTHERMAL BINARY PLANT
WAIRAKEI AND MOKAI BINARY POWER PLANT
GEOTHERMAL DIRECT USE
Hot Pool
Green House
Timber Drying Hospital Heating
GEOTHERMAL AREAS
WIND POWER
- Average wind speed 3 – 5 m/s, low compare to other countries - China has the biggest total wind power capacity (62,733 MW or 26.3% world total) - The electricity production is intermittent, only average 24% of capacity factor - Economically, wind power could not compete with fossil fuel.
ONSHORE & OFFSHORE WIND FARM Cost Structure
Onshore Offshore
WIND RESOURCE INDONESIA
www.energyblueprint.info Can’t live without subsidize & feed in tariff
SOLAR POWER
- Indonesia’s solar power potency is 1300 - 1600 kWh/m2 annually 0.2 kW/m2 average. - To produce 1 MW, it will require 5000 m2. - Economically, solar power could not compete with fossil fuel. - Electricity production only 20 – 30% of capacity factor. - World biggest solar power producer: 1. Germany – 24.8 GW 2. Italy – 12.8 GW 3. Japan – 4.9 GW 4. USA – 4.3 GW 5. Spain – 4.2 GW
SOLAR POWER PLANT
Photovoltaic Power Plant
Concentrating Solar Thermal Power
Application in Indonesia: Electrification for 1000 Outer Islands
Cirata Green Energy Park (Rencana 1 MW PV)
BIOFUEL
- Biofuel: bioethanol (similar to premium) and biodiesel (similar to solar) - Bioethanol: carbohydrat conversion into glucose, by adding fermentation process ethanol can be produced from the glucose. - Biodiesel: Fat accid is processed through transesterification and result to ester and glycerol. Ester as biodiesel. - Installed capacity 3.726 million kiloliters / year but 2011 production only 0.65 million kiloliters.
Raw Materials: Palm oil, Coconut, Jatropha
Raw Materials: Molases, Cassava, Corn
Challenges: 1. Raw materials
compete with increasing food price
2. Economical price of biofuel can’t compete with subsidized fossil fuel
World’s biggest producers: USA – 567,000 b/doe Brazil – 265,000 b/doe Germany – 57,000 b/doe
Biodiesel Plant (Kansas USA) 211 million liters / year
Prospective Partners for Developing Biofuel: 1. PTPN 2. Private companies (Wilmar, SGRO, SMART,
UNSP)
BIOMASS
- Biomass: plant / waste matter used to generate electricity, either by direct combustion (steam turbine) or gasification (gas engine/turbine). - Sources of biomass: wood chip, bagase, palm oil, rice husk, corn hull.
Middlesbrough Biomass Power Plant 30 MW, UK
BIOMASS
APPLICATION OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT
1. PLTBS Sei Mangke – PTPN III Capacity : 2 x 3.5 MW Investment : IDR 97,000,000,000 Economical : IRR 14.11%, Payback period 7 years (Based on electricity price 787 Rp/kWh)
2. Waste to Energy / PLTSa - PT Navigat Organic Energy Indonesia
Location : Sarbagita (10 MW) – Investment 30 Million USD Bantargebang (26 MW) – Investment 75 Million USD
Gasification, Landfill, Anaerobic Digestion
3. Merauke Integrated Food & Energy Estate - PT Medco Energy
- Sugar Cane & Sorghum Plantation - Power Plant 40 MW - Ethanol Distillery
RECOMMENDATION
PT. PP (Persero) Tbk – Playing a Role in New & Renewable Energy Development
1. Strengthen company brand as green contractor by participating in clean & renewable
energy development projects.
2. EPC Division has a firm grid for gas power plant, needs to keep its competitiveness
a. Gas Engine Power Plants
b. Combined Cycle Power Plant
Strategic alliances with key manufacturers
3. Many opportunities for geothermal projects, need to develop partnerships to
participate in geothermal power plant projects.
4. Developing network and capability in new & renewable energy with other companies.
THANK YOU
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