UNCLASSIFIED z \ Nevada doe / nv -1525 Environmental m #VA7 o H National Nuclear Security Administration Management Operations Activity Nevada National Security Site Integrated Groundwater Sampling Plan Controlled Copy No.: ___ Revision No.: 0 October 2014 UNCLASSIFIED /s/ Joseph P. Johnston_____________10/2/2014 Joseph P. Johnston, N-l CO Date Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office UNCONTROLLED Whan Printed UNCLASSIFIED
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Nevada National Security Site Integrated Groundwater Sampling Plan
Controlled Copy N o .:___Revision No.: 0
October 2014UNCLASSIFIED
/s/ Joseph P. Johnston_____________10/2/2014
Joseph P. Johnston, N-l CO Date
Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.
U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration
Nevada Field Office
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NEVADA NATIONAL SECURITY SITE INTEGRATED GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PLAN
U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security AdministrationNevada Field Office Las Vegas, Nevada
Controlled Copy No.:
Revision No.: 0
October 2014
Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.
UNCONTROLLED When PrintedUNCLASSIFIED
NEVADA NATIONAL SECURITY SITE INTEGRATED GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PLAN
Approved by:
Approved by:
/s/ Bill R. Wilborn
Bill R. WilbornUnderground Test Area Activity Lead
Date: 10/2/2014
/s/ Robert F. Boehlecke Date: 10/2/2014
Robert F. BoehleckeEnvironmental Management Operations Manager
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NNSS Int GW Sampling Plan Section: Contents Revision: 0 Date: October 2014 Page i o f xi
Table of Contents
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iiiList of T a b le s ............................................................................................................................................ ivList of Acronyms and Abbreviations......................................................................................................v
1.1 Purpose and S co p e ............................................................................................................11.2 Planning and Scheduling.................................................................................................11.3 Sampling Plan R evision................................................................................................... 2
2.0 Groundwater Contaminants and Regulatory L ev e ls ...............................................................4
2.1 Contaminants of Concern and Contaminants of Potential Concern........................... 52.2 Radionuclide Threshold L e v e ls ......................................................................................6
2.2.1 Investigation L evel............................................................................................82.2.2 Notification Level..............................................................................................82.2.3 Action Planning L e v e l ..................................................................................... 82.2.4 Action L evel.......................................................................................................9
3.0 Sampling and A nalysis...............................................................................................................10
3.1 Characterization Sample L ocations............................................................................. 143.1.1 Source/Plume Sample L ocations.................................................................. 143.1.2 Early Detection W ells..................................................................................... 153.1.3 Distal Sample Locations................................................................................. 173.1.4 Community Sample Locations...................................................................... 183.1.5 Inactive Sample Locations.............................................................................18
4.0 Processes and P rocedures........................................................................................................ 20
4.1 Sample Collection............................................................................................................204.2 Laboratory A nalysis....................................................................................................... 21
5.0 R eporting .................................................................................................................................... 23
5.1 Annual UGTA Sampling R e p o r t................................................................................. 235.2 Annual NNSS Environmental Report...........................................................................235.3 Annual UGTA QA R ep o rt............................................................................................ 235.4 Special Reports................................................................................................................ 245.5 Communications..............................................................................................................24
6.0 Records and Data M anagem ent............................................................................................... 25
7.1 Standard Operating P rocedures....................................................................................267.2 A ssessm ents.................................................................................................................... 267.3 Lessons L earned..............................................................................................................27
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3-4 Early Detection Sampling Flow C h art............................................................................ 17
3-5 Flow Chart for Transition of a Distalto an Early Detection Sampling Location.......................................................................18
3-6 Distal and Community Sampling Flow Chart................................................................. 19
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List of Tables
Number Title Page
2-1 Maximum Contaminant L e v e ls .........................................................................................4
2-2 Beta- and Photon-Emitter M C L s ....................................................................................... 5
2-3 CAU-Specific COCs and COPCs....................................................................................... 6
2-4 Radionuclide Thresholds Levels and Required R esponses........................................... 7
3-1 Sample Location Type Definitions and O bjectives....................................................... 11
A -l Frenchman Flat Sample Collection Locationsand Supporting Inform ation..........................................................................................A-l
A-3 Rainier Mesa Water Sample Collection Locations and Criteria................................. A-6
A-4 Yucca Flat Water Sample Collection Locations and C riteria ..................................A-8
B -l Sample Collection, Water-Quality Measurement,Analytical Data Verification/Validation Procedures.................................................. B-l
B-2 Analytes, Analytical Procedures, and SampleCollection Information for Required Analyses........................................................... B-2
B-3 UGTA Programmatic Interface P rocedures.................................................................B-4
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
General Acronyms and Abbreviations
ASTM ASTM International
BLM Bureau of Land Management
°C Degrees Celsius
CADD Corrective action decision document
CAI Corrective action investigation
CAIP Corrective action investigation plan
CAP Corrective action plan
CAU Corrective action unit
CFR Code o f Federal Regulations
COC Contaminant of concern
COPC Contaminant of potential concern
CR Closure report
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DOECAP U.S. Department of Energy Consolidated Audit Program
DQI Data quality indicator
EDD Electronic data deliverable
EERF Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ER Environmental Restoration
ES Electric submersible
FFACO Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order
NNSS Int GW Sam pling PlanSection:3.0Revision: 0Date: October 2014Page 11 of 29
Table 3-1Sample Location Type Definitions and Objectives
(Page 1 of 2)
Location Type Definition Objective Analytes a Frequency
Characterization bUsed fo r system characterization or model evaluation
• Support flow and transport model developm ent and/or evaluation.
• Identify groundwater flow paths.
• Establish COC and COPC presence or absence.
• Estim ate travel tim e o f contam inants.
• To be reclassified and sampled according to its new type when characterization objectives are met.
• Alkalinity, pH, specific conductance
• Anions (Br, Cl, F, S 0 4)
• Total metals (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Se, Si, Sr, U)
• G ross alpha and gross beta
• G am m a Emitters (26AI, 94Nb, 137Cs,152Eu, 154Eu, 235U ,241 Am, 243Am )
• 3H (standard and/or lo w -le v e l) c
• 14C 36CI "T c 90Sr 129l 238/239/240p ij
3 years, as needed
Source/P lum e
Located within the plum e from an underground nuclear test (i.e., test-related contam ination present), and COCs detected above standard m easurem ent levels (e.g.,3H >300 pCi/L)
• Support flow and transport model developm ent and/or evaluation.
• Identify COC for downgradient wells.
• M onitor contam inant migration.
• M onitor natural attenuation.
• Frenchm an Flat:3H (standard), 14C, 36CI, 99Tc, 129l
• Pahute Mesa:3H (standard), 14C, 36CI, "T c , 129l
• Rainier M esa/Shoshone Mountain:3H (standard), 14C, 36CI, "T c , 129l, and238/239/240 p u
• Yucca F lat/C lim ax Mine:3H (standard), 14C, 36CI, "T c , 129l (plus " S r and 137Cs in LCA sam ples)
4 years
Early Detection
Located downgradient o f an underground test or Source/P lum e well, and no COCs detected above standard m easurem ent levels (i.e., 3H <300 pCi/L)
• Support flow and transport model developm ent and/or evaluation.
• Detect plume edge.
• 3H (low-level)
5 years (Frenchm an Flat,
Rainier M esa/ Shoshone
Mountain, and Yucca Flat/
C lim ax Mine)
2 years (Pahute Mesa)
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Table 3-1Sample Location Type Definitions and Objectives
(Page 2 of 2)
Location Type Definition Objective Analytes a Frequency
Distal Outside the Early Detection a re a d
• Support flow and transport model developm ent and/or evaluation.
• M onitor COC (i.e, 3H) below SDW A 1,000-pC i/L detection lim ite.
• 3H (standard) 5 years
Com m unityLocated on BLM or private land; used as a w ate r supply source or is located near one
• M onitor COC (i.e, 3H) below SDW A 1,000-pC i/L detection lim ite
• 3H (standard) 5 years
InactiveNot currently sam pled but available for sam pling if conditions warrant
• Place well on hold until a reason for sam pling is identified
• None None
a Required analyses performed by a commercial lab certified by NDEP. See Section 4.2 for a discussion of laboratory analyses.b Characterization locations will transition to another type when a sufficient baseline (a minimum o f three samples) is established to support categorization (see Section 3.1) 0 Standard 3H analytical methods achieve a minimum detection limit o f approximately 300 pCi/L; low-level 3H analytical methods achieve detection limits as low as 1 pCi/L. d The Early Detection area is defined as the area directly downgradient o f an underground nuclear test where COCs have not been detected above levels detectable using standard analytical methods. eCFR, 2014.
Ag = Silver Al = Aluminum Am = Americium As = Arsenic Ba = Barium Br = Bromide C = Carbon Ca = Calcium Cd = Cadmium Cl = Chlorine Cr = Chromium
Cs = Cesium Eu = Europium F = Fluorine Fe = Iron 3H = Tritium I = Iodine K = Potassium Li = Lithium Mg = Magnesium Mn = Manganese Na = Sodium
Nb = Niobium Pb = Lead Pu = Plutonium Se = Selenium Si = Silicon S 0 4 = Sulfate Sr = Strontium Tc = Technetium U = Uranium
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Land ManagementU .S . B ureau of Land M anagem en t
U.S. D epartm en t of Energy
U .S . D epartm en t of D efense ^
Fish and W ildlife S erv ice I
Private Land
Coordinate System: North American Datum 1927 UTM Zone 11 North, m eters
520^000 540^000 560^000 580^00 600^000
U-20n PS1 DD-HH U mm• * 4 i
U-19q PS 1P
* 4 u - 1 9 a d F=‘s 1A
Figure 3-1 Wells and Sample Location Types
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3.1 Characterization Sample Locations
Sample locations within new wells drilled to support the UGTA Activity, or existing wells for which
insufficient baseline data exists, are categorized as Characterization locations. Figure 3-2 provides the
decision diagram used to illustrate the process followed for sampling Characterization locations.
Samples from these locations are collected at three-year intervals as needed and may be analyzed for
different sets of parameters depending on the UGTA Corrective Action Strategy stage (i.e., CAIP,
CAI, CADD/CAP, CR) for the CAU (FFACO, 1996 as amended). New wells drilled during the CAI
stage will be sampled a minimum of three times in order to establish a baseline and to properly
categorize the sampling locations within the well. The samples from each of the three sampling
events will be analyzed for the parameters presented in Table 3-1. Analyses may be expanded beyond
those listed in Table 3-1 and the results evaluated to determine whether the COPC/COC list should
be revised.
3.1.1 Source/Plume Sample Locations
Source/Plume sample locations have radionuclides at concentrations above standard measurement
methods that have been verified to originate from NNSS underground nuclear testing (Figure 3-3)
(e.g., 3H >300 pCi/L). Source/Plume sample locations range from those within the detonation cavity
to those downgradient of the detonation at the plume edge. Wells within or near the detonation have
historically been referred to as hot wells, post-shot holes, or near-field wells. Samples are collected
every four years and analyzed using standard analytical methods for 3H and the set of COPCs
presented in Table 3-1. Source/Plume sample location analytes include radionuclides that are likely to
be detected and have the potential to exceed MCLs based on the radiological inventory published by
Bowen et al. (2001), historical and current radionuclide analyses, and/or modeling results. Analytical
methods with low detection limits may be used to detect the presence of some radionuclides at very
low levels.
Source/Plume analytical results will be evaluated to determine whether additional radionuclides
should be analyzed downgradient. A COPC increase could trigger additional analysis in a
downgradient Early Detection well. This decision may depend on the radionuclide concentration
relative to its MCE.
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Sample for analyte suite every 3 years, as needed
Radionuclide 10% of MCL
(first time) and is location off government
land?
adionuclide >50% of
MCL (first time) and
is location off the NNSS?
Make formal notification to
NDEP (Section 2.2)
Make formal notification to
NDEP (Section 2.2)
Assess sample results against
model(s)
Investigate to determine path
forward
location se rv e a
sam pling objective? Table 3-1
Revise COC/COPC
list as needed
Yes yRadionuclidesV Yes X S ou rce x Y e s ' Rdu|° [|uu|uyb v - 'is undergrounSufficient
confidence in resu lts to categorize
ocation?.
Takeimmediate
actiondetected above background?
nucleartesting?
Is well a t o r n e a r a comm unity
supplyo u rce?
First Well dow ngradient
Source/Plum e location?Inactive
SampleLocation
Early Detection Sample
Location
Community Sample Location
Source/Plume
SampleLocation
*Notification will first be m ad e to USAF if th e MCL is ex ceed ed a t a location on th e NTTR.
**Sufficient confidence is estab lished through resu lts com parison with previous sam p les from s a m e well an d /o r wells from th e sa m e HSU and with the conceptual model. Radionuclide resu lts primarily evaluated to e n su re correct categorization and CO PC/CO C identification.
No DistalSample Location
Figure 3-2 Characterization Sampling Flow Chart
3.1.2 Early Detection Wells
Early Detection sample locations do not contain COCs at concentrations above the minimum
detection limit of the standard analytical measurement method (i.e., 3H <300 pCi/L). Early Detection
sample locations are downgradient of an underground nuclear test or Source/Plume sample location
(Figure 3-4). Depending on the CAU, these sample locations are sampled every two or five years and
analyzed for low-level 3H. The sampling frequency and low detection limit (<10 pCi/L) are used to
detect a plume front in a reasonable time frame to allow DOE to perform confirmation sampling, if
necessary, and/or consider additional actions. The sampling frequency is every five years for three
CAUs (Frenchman Flat, Rainier Mesa/Climax Mine, and Yucca Flat/Climax Mine) because of the
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No Yes
Yes No
COPC concentration approaching
the MCL?
No Yes
‘ Notification will first be made to USAF if the MCL is exceeded at a
C O C s o r C O P C s > 10%
o f MCL (first tim e)
a n d is w ell off - g o v e r n m e n t .
X , la n d ? /
' C O C s \ o r C O P C s
> 5 0 % o f M CL (first tim e)
a n d is w ell o ff th e
V N N S S ? /
Takeimmediate
action
Assess sample results against
model(s)
Investigate to determine path
forward
Sample fo r COCs and COPCs
every 4 years
‘ Make formal notification to
NDEP (Section 2.2)
Make formal notification to
NDEP (Section 2.2)
Expand analysis suite for
downgradient Early Detection
Wells
location on the NTTR.
Figure 3-3 Source/Plume Sampling Flow Chart
CAU-specific low groundwater velocity, resulting in slow change in radionuclide concentration
with time.
Once a COC is detected at an Early Detection sample location, an investigation is initiated to verify
the presence of the COC and confirm that it resulted from an underground nuclear test. This
investigation may consist of further well purging, resampling, and/or analyzing COPCs or other
indicators (e.g., chiorofluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride). If the location is not a Community sample
location (see Section 3.1.4) and is not on government land, investigation activities may be deferred
until the next scheduled sampling event to verify COC detection. Once the presence of a COC has
been verified and it exceeds the detection limit using standard analytical measurements, the Early
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Sample for COCs every 2 or 5 years
COCs >10% of
MCL and is well off
government land?
COCs > 50% of
MCL and is well off the
NNSS?
Make formal notification to
NDEP (Section 2.2)
COCsstandard
detectionlimit?
Make formal notification to
NDEP (Section 2.2)
' ’
Invest gation
immediateaction
* Notification will first be m ade to USAF if the MCL is exceeded at a location on the NTTR.
SourceNo Z Laboratory \ yes / ^ u,vc X Noresult verified \ X / is underground
nuclearas accurate?testing?
Source/ Plume Well
Investigate to determine path
forward
Assess categorization Assess sampleof downgradient wells results against
(Figure 3-2) model(s)
Figure 3-4 Early Detection Sampling Flow Chart
Detection location will be recategorized as a Source/Plume sample location. If the source is not
verified as an underground test, the CAU Lead, in consultation with other subject matter experts, will
identify future sampling objectives for the location. The suite of analytes and sampling frequency will
depend on the sampling objective. The investigation will be described in the Annual UGTA Sampling
Report (see Section 5.1). If the sampling location is changed from Early Detection to Source/Plume,
an assessment of the downgradient Distal locations will take place to determine whether a Distal
location should be changed to an Early Detection location (Figure 3-5).
3.1.3 Distal Sample Locations
Wells that contain Distal sample locations are generally downgradient, but at some distance, from the
contamination source or plume. Distal sample locations are analyzed for 3H using a standard EPA
method (see Table B-2) with a detection limit of approximately 300 pCi/L. This provides for 3H
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f Distal Well > first one
downgradient from new
Source/Plume V Well? y
Remain Distal Well
Change well type to Early
Detection
Assess classification of downgradient
wells
Upgradient Well changed
to Source/Plume
No
Yes
Figure 3-5Flow Chart for Transition of a Distal to an Early Detection Sampling Location
detection well below the 20,000 pCi/L MCL and below the SDWA required detection limit of
1,000 pCi/L for 3H (CFR, 2014). Samples are collected at a five-year frequency (Figure 3-6). As
illustrated in Figure 3-5, a Distal location may be recategorized as an Early Detection location if 3H is
detected in the upgradient Early Detection location. Sampling frequency will then be increased and/or
detection limits for 3H lowered.
3.1.4 Community Sample Locations
Community sample locations may be in wells or springs that are either used as private, business, or
community water supply sources or are located near such a source. Community locations are sampled
at a five-year frequency (Figure 3-6) and analyzed for 3H levels using a 300-pCi/L detection limit.
This detection limit is well below the 20,000-pCi/L MCL and below the SDWA required detection
limit of 1,000 pCi/L for 3H (CFR, 2014).
3.1.5 Inactive Sample Locations
Inactive sample locations are in wells located on or in the vicinity of the NNSS but are not regularly
sampled. These sample locations may be categorized as Inactive for a variety of reasons, including
(1) other nearby wells open to the same HSU are already being sampled; (2) the well is not located
on a viable flow path; or (3) the well requires significant work to obtain representative
groundwater samples.
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Sample for COCs every
5 years
COCs >10% of
MCL and is well off
government land?
COCs >50% of
MCL and is well off the
NNSS?
Make formal notification to
ND EP (Section 2.2)
COCsstandard
detectionlimit?
Make formalnotification to
NDEP Investigation(Section 2.2)
m mediateaction Source
is underground nuclear testing?
Laboratory result verified as accurate?
Source/ Plume Well
Investigate to determine path
forward
* Notification will first be made to USAF if the MCL is exceeded at a location on the NTTR.
Assess categorization Assess sampleof downgradient wells results against
(Figure 3-2) model(s)
Figure 3-6 Distal and Community Sampling Flow Chart
The UGTA Borehole Index database contains information on all sampling locations in this Plan,
including those that have been categorized as Inactive (N-I, 2014b). Inactive locations are evaluated
as needed to determine whether they should be sampled. Inactive sampling locations can either be
sampled as a one-time event, or recategorized and sampled as part of this Plan.
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4.0 Processes and Procedures
One of the Plan objectives is to ensure that data are collected in a consistent, scientifically defensible
manner by all current and future DOE contractors. Data collection activities are therefore described
in standard operating procedures (SOPs) that must comply with the UGTA Activity QAP
(NNSA/NSO, 2012). Oversight assessments are performed to ensure compliance.
This section summarizes the processes and procedures used for sample collection and laboratory
analysis. The current Environmental Restoration (ER) and Management and Operating (M&O)
contractor SOPs are presented in Appendix B. These SOPs are specific to the current contractors and
will be updated as necessary in future Plan revisions.
4.1 Sample Collection
Sample collection procedures and analyte-specific sample requirements (number of containers,
container types, preservatives, and holding times) are shown in Tables B -l and B-2, respectively.
Samples are maintained under chain of custody protocols to provide the traceability of possession
from the time the samples are collected until disposal. Field quality control (QC) samples are
collected and analyzed to assess whether the sample-collection process meets the quality objectives.
The rule of thumb for collection of field QC samples is collection of one QC sample for every
20 samples per sampling event. The QC sample may be a blank or duplicate, depending on sampling
needs. Blanks (rinsate/equipment or field) are used to assess potential contamination from the sample
collection process. Blanks are implemented at specified frequencies, which vary according to the
probability of contamination or cross-contamination. Field duplicates are used to assess sampling
and analytical variability and may be collected when sample representativeness is a concern
(e.g., bailed or low-volume purging). Duplicate collection should be evenly distributed throughout
the sampling event.
Possible sample collection methods are presented in Appendix A (Tables A-l through A-4). In
general, wells or completion zones equipped with a permanently installed electric submersible (ES)
pump will be sampled using the pump. Otherwise, the sample will be collected with a bailer, lift jack
(LJ) pump, or newly installed ES pump, depending on a number of variables including the casing
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diameter, availability of a piezometer access tube, and number of completions/zones requiring
sampling. Spring samples will be collected used a scoop or dipper.
If the well is sampled using a pump, a minimum of three effective well volumes will be withdrawn,
and the well will be purged until water-quality parameters (e.g., pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity,
and temperature) have stabilized. Procedures for field measurement of water-quality parameters are
listed in Table B -l. Bromide is also measured because it is introduced to the groundwater during
drilling, and trace amounts may be present due to varying levels of development. Water-quality
parameter stabilization criteria should be based on established criteria such as that described by the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (2013). The purging amount and rate will be balanced to minimize
the potential for pump-induced contaminant migration while ensuring that the groundwater produced
from the well represents ambient formation water. If the well is sampled using a wireline deployed
bailer, purging may not be feasible; therefore, the decision to purge will be determined on a
case-by-case basis. Purging requirements will be documented in an SOP or the field activity work
package. All water produced during purging and/or sampling activities must be managed in
accordance with the Fluid Management Plan fo r the Underground Test Area Project
(NNSA/NSO, 2009).
4.2 Laboratory Analysis
An agreement between DOE and NDEP regarding the use of certified laboratories is documented in
Boehlecke (2014) and Murphy (2014). Required analyses (Table 3-1) will be performed by a
commercial laboratory that is certified through the NDEP Bureau of Safe Drinking Water and that
meets National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program or equivalent requirements for
those analytes not currently NDEP certified. Commercial laboratories also must participate in the
U.S. Department of Energy Consolidated Audit Program (DOECAP) or equivalent.
Analyses not listed in Table 3-1 (i.e., optional analyses) may be performed by non-certified
laboratories, and will be identified and justified in the Annual UGTA QA Report (see Section 5.3).
These laboratories provide state-of-the-art methods necessary to maximize analytical sensitivity or
for analyzing unique parameters not available by a commercial laboratory. These laboratories will be
assessed to ensure UGTA QAP compliance at a minimum of every three years.
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Analytical methods for required analyses are presented in Table B-2 along with detection limits and
sample requirements. The required laboratory quality control (LQC) samples associated with
each analysis are described within each SOP. LQC samples will include laboratory control samples,
method blanks, laboratory replicates, and matrix spikes, as applicable. Analytical laboratories will
participate in a performance evaluation program (PEP) for each analyte and/or method for which they
are responsible. Some analytes and/or analytical methods do not have an available PEP, and
alternative approaches can be applied. The approaches include interlaboratory comparisons between
sample (duplicate, split, or prepared) results, blind samples (i.e., samples with a known or previously
measured detectable quantity of analyte), or data evaluation. The PEP results will be presented in the
Annual UGTA QA Report in accordance with an UGTA programmatic interface SOP
(see Table B-3). The SOP presents acceptance criteria for interlaboratory comparisons and
blind samples.
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5.0 Reporting
Results of activities associated with this Plan (laboratory analyses and any investigations that take
place as a result of Plan implementation) will be presented in annual and/or special reports. These
reports are submitted to NDEP and are publicly available. This section describes these reports and
defines notification thresholds to be used in reporting groundwater sample results and other pertinent
information obtained by Plan implementation.
5.1 Annual UGTA Sampling Report
The Annual UGTA Sampling Report documents all sampling activities and results for samples
collected under this Plan during the previous fiscal year. The report is completed within six months of
the fiscal year end. The report includes a description of investigations performed, laboratory results,
and data evaluations. Analytical results will be evaluated by the CAU Lead, or designee, with respect
to the CAU conceptual model of flow and transport. Deviations from the Plan, along with their
justification, will also be presented.
5.2 Annual NNSS Environmental Report
The Annual NNSS Environmental Report summarizes data and the compliance status of the
NNSA/NFO environmental protection and monitoring programs at the NNSS and other NNSA/NFO
facilities. The report satisfies reporting requirements in DOE Order 458.1, Radiation Protection o f the
Public and the Environment (DOE, 2013), and is consistent with SDWA requirements for reporting
water quality for public water supply wells. The Report also includes a summary of analytical data
from recent sampling of the locations identified in this Plan.
5.3 Annual UGTA QA Report
The UGTA QAP (NNSA/NSO, 2012) requires NNSA/NFO to issue an Annual UGTA QA Report to
NDEP that contains QA activity results. QA activities include conducting assessments, identifying
issues, evaluating laboratory performance, publishing documents, and participating in committees.
At a minimum, the QA report will include PEP results and the identification and justification for
optional analyses performed by non-certified laboratories, as discussed in Section 4.2. Also, all
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UGTA assessments—including any findings and corrective actions, and closure dates— are presented,
as discussed in Section 7.2
5.4 Special Reports
Data results that differ from previous analyses may require additional investigations. These
investigations and associated results may be presented in special reports. Special reports may also be
developed to describe other investigations relevant to this Plan (e.g., investigations of well sampling
technologies, flow logs to identify optimal sampling depths, and historical analytical results).
5.5 Communications
All communications will follow the protocols established by NNSA/NFO. NNSA/NFO manages all
external communications, including communications with NDEP and entities not affiliated with the
project. Internal communications will follow processes established by the participant companies.
The notification requirements in this Plan are not mandated by the FFACO or NDEP regulation
(Section 2.2). The CRs for each CAU will define the conditions that require mandatory notification to
NDEP during long-term groundwater monitoring. The notification requirements in this Plan are
meant to ensure that NDEP and USAF are kept apprised of changing conditions in UGTA CAUs
throughout the earlier stages FFACO process (CAIP, CAI, and CADD/CAP stages).
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6.0 Records and Data Management
Records resulting from implementation of this Plan will be controlled and maintained in the UGTA
Document Center and Technical Data Repository (TDR). Entry into the TDR, which is a satellite
electronic records location, is described in the “UGTA Information and Data Management System
Submittal” procedure. Records associated with Plan implementation are described in the applicable
SOPs (see Appendix B).
Requirements for documenting, verifying, and validating laboratory results are described in
contract-specific SOPs. The SOPs used for implementing commercial laboratory verification,
validation, and review requirements are presented in Table B -l. Requirements for verification and
validation of other laboratory results (i.e., optional analyses) are presented in the analysis-specific
SOPs (Table B-2). Laboratory data reports including electronic data deliverables (HDDs) will be
submitted to the responsible contractor and stored as records in the TDR or equivalent record
management system. Sample results, received as an EDD, will be entered into the ER Contractor
Analytical Services or UGTA Chemistry database.
Field record reviews ensure forms have been filled out completely, are legible and in accordance
with the UGTA QAP (NNSA/NSO, 2012) and associated SOPs, and that the recorded information
accurately reflects the performed activities. Laboratory data package review ensures record sets are
complete and legible, and analyses are consistent with chain-of-custody requests and compliant with
the UGTA QAP. Data validation acceptance criteria will be based upon the intended use of the data
and will include an evaluation of method compliance, data calculations, QC data quality indicators
(DQIs), instrument calibrations, raw data, and data generation methods. Validation can include
qualifying data that may restrict or limit data use; typical qualification codes are as follows:
U Analyte was analyzed for but not detected. The reporting limit is approximate and may be inaccurate or imprecise.
J Reported result is estimated.
J+ Reported result is estimated with a positive bias.
J- Reported result is estimated with a negative bias.
R Data rejected, not usable for decision making purposes (will be made unavailablefor use).
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7.0 Quality Assurance
All UGTA activities presented within this Plan will be performed in compliance with the UGTA QAP
(NNSA/NSO, 2012). The UGTA QAP provides requirements to ensure that analytical data are of
sufficient known quality to withstand scientific and legal challenge considering the use for which the
data were obtained. This section presents the methods used to ensure that QAP requirements are met
and that analytical data are scientifically valid, defensible, and of known precision and accuracy.
7.1 Standard Operating Procedures
Implementation of UGTA QAP requirements is achieved through the use of SOPs by all
participating organizations. The SOPs that support Plan activities are presented in Appendix B.
These SOPS describe the required QC to establish DQI (precision, accuracy, representativeness,
and comparability) goals for the described Plan activities. Sample collection and analysis
requirements— including field and laboratory QC samples, and verification and validation of the
resulting data— are established within the SOPs.
7.2 Assessments
Assessments play an integral role in assuring quality for UGTA data collection, analysis, and
reporting activities. The UGTA QAP (NNSA/NSO, 2012) requires that annual assessments are
performed. These assessments can be performed by the organization management or by an
independent assessment team. NNSA/NFO personnel, or their designees, will also perform oversight
assessments periodically to verify compliance with applicable quality requirements, DOE policies,
and procedures. NNSA/NFO assessments will be conducted in accordance with NFO Order 226.X,
Line Oversight (LO) Program (NNSA/NFO, 2013). Issues will be resolved and closure tracked in
accordance with UGTA programmatic interface procedures found in Table B-3. All UGTA
assessments, including any findings and corrective actions, and closure dates are presented in the
Annual UGTA QA Report (Section 5.3).
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7.3 Lessons Learned
NNSA/NFO has implemented a lessons learned system as a focal point for reporting and retrieving
important information concerning experiences gained through previous activities. Continuous
improvement can be fostered through incorporation of applicable lessons learned into work processes
and planning activities, including work plan development, budget development, and
strategic planning.
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8.0 References
Boehlecke, R.F., U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office, Environmental Restoration Project. 2014. Letter to T. Murphy (NDEP, Bureau of Federal Facilities) titled “Underground Test Area (UGTA) Activity Compliance with Laboratory State Certification Requirements,” 11 March. Las Vegas, NV.
Bowen, S.M., D.L. Finnegan, I.E. Thompson, C M. Miller, PL. Baca, L.F. Olivas, C.G. Geoffrion, D.K. Smith, W. Goishi, B.K. Esser, J.W. Meadows, N. Namboodiri, and J.F. Wild. 2001.Nevada Test Site Radionuclide Inventory, 1951-1992 (and Errata Tables V and VI), LA-13859-MS. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory.
CFR, see Code o f Federal Regulations.
Code o f Federal Regulations. 2014. Title 40 CFR Part 141, “National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.” Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office.
DOE, see U.S. Department of Energy.
EPA, see U.S. Environmental Agency.
FFACO, see Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order.
Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. 1996 (as amended March 2010). Agreed to by the State of Nevada; U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Management; U.S. Department of Defense; and U.S. Department of Energy, Legacy Management. Appendix VI, which contains the Underground Test Area Strategy, was last modified June 2014, Revision No. 5.
Murphy, T.H., Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Federal Facilities. 2014. Letter to R.F. Boehlecke (NNSA/NFO) titled “RE: Underground Test Area (UGTA) Activity Compliance with Laboratory State Certification Requirements,” 13 March. Las Vegas, NV.
N-I, see Navarro-Intera, EEC.
N-I GIS, see Navarro-Intera Geographic Information Systems.
NNSA/NFO, see U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office.
NNSA/NSO, see U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office.
Navarro-Intera Geographic Information Systems. 2014. ESRI ArcGIS Software.
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Navarro-Intera, LLC. 2013. Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU Flow and Transport Model, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada, Rev. 0, N-I/28091—065. Las Vegas, NV.
Navarro-Intera, LLC. 2014a. Written communication. Subject: Background Information fo r the Nevada National Security Site Integrated Sampling Plan.
Navarro-Intera, LLC. 2014b. Written communication. Subject: “UGTA Borehole Index Database,” UGTA Technical Data Repository Database Identification Number UGTA-4-127. Las Vegas, NV. As accessed on 14 July.
USGS, see U.S. Geological Survey.
U.S. Department of Energy. 2013. Radiation Protection o f the Public and the Environment,DOE Order 458.1, Change 3. Washington, DC: Office of Health, Safety, and Security.
U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office. 2013.Line Oversight (LO) Program , NFO Order 226.X. Las Vegas, NV.
U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. 2009. Underground Test Area Project Waste Management Plan, Rev. 3, DOE/NV—343; Attachment 1 Fluid Management Plan fo r the Underground Test Area Project, Rev. 5; DOE/NV—3 70-Rev. 5.Las Vegas, NV.
U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office. 2012. Underground Test Area Activity Quality Assurance Plan, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Rev. 1, DOE/NV—1450-REV. 1. Las Vegas, NV.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. “Derived Concentrations (pCi/L) of Beta and Photon Emitters in Drinking Water (yielding dose of 4 mrem/yr based on legacy dosimetries).”In Radionuclides in Drinking Water: A Small Entity Compliance Guide, EPA 815-R-02-001. Washington, DC: Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
U.S. Geological Survey. 2013. “Chapter A4, Collection of Water Samples.” In National Field Manual fo r the Collection ofWater-QualityData: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques o f Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9, Chapters A1-A9 . As accessed at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A on 24 June.
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Appendix A
Sample Collection Location Information
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Table A-1 Frenchman Flat Sample Collection Locations and Supporting Information
4936 U.S. Ecology U.S. Ecology_m1 36.770639 -116.690278 NA 453 573 ES Pump
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Table A-2Pahute Mesa Sample Collection Locations and Supporting Information
(Page 4 of 4)
ID LocationName
SampleLocation
ID
NAD 27HSU
Effective Open Interval(ft) Sample
MethodLat Long Depth to Top Depth to Bottom
6768Amargosa Valley RV
ParkAmargosa Valley RV
Park_m136.642167 -116.396639 NA WL 1,280 ES Pump
4908 Cind-R-Lite MineCind-R-LiteMine_m1
36.685000 -116.507222 Valley Fill WL 460 ES Pump
9715 EW-4 EW-4_m1 36.877644 -116.820737 NA NA NA ES Pump
a E S pum p n e e d s to b e rep a ired /re p lace d .
— = Not app licab le NA = Not ava ilab le
BA = B en h a m aqu iferBFCU = Bullfrog confining unitCFCM = C ra te r F lat c o m p o site unitCH CU = C alico Hills confining unitCHZCM = C alico Hills zeolitic co m p o site unitCPA = C o m b P e a k aqu ife rFCCM = Fortym ile C an y o n c o m p o site unitFCCU = Fortym ile C an y o n confining unitLPCU = Low er P a in tb ru sh confining unitM PCU = M iddle P ain tb ru sh confining unit
P B P C U = P o st-B e n h a m P a in tb ru sh confining unitPLFA = P a in tb ru sh lava-flow aqu iferRMWTA = R ain ier M esa w elded-tu ff aqu iferS PA = S c ru g h a m P e a k aqu iferTCA = Tiva C an y o n aqu iferTHCM = T a n n en b au m Hill co m p o site unitTMCM = T im ber M ountain co m p o site unitTMLVTA = T im ber M ountain low er vitric-tuff aqu ife rTSA = T opopah Spring aq u ife rU PC U = U pper P a in tb ru sh confining unit
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Table A-3Rainier Mesa Water Sample Collection Locations and Criteria
LTCU = Lower tuff confining unit LTCU1 = Lower tuff confining unit 1 LVTA1 = Lower vitric-tuff aquifer 1 OSBCU = Oak Spring Butte confining unit RVA = Red rock Valley aquifer TMCM = Timber Mountain composite unit UCCU = Upper clastic confining unit
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Table A-4Yucca Flat Water Sample Collection Locations and Criteria
(Page 1 of 2)
ID Well Name Sample Location IDNAD 27
HSU
Effective Open Interval(ft) Sample
MethodLat Long Depth to Top Depth to Bottom
Characterization Wells
5204 ER-2-1 ER-2-1_m1 37.125278 -116.061899 TMWTA/TM LVTA/LTC U WL 2,177 ES Pump
5150 ER-5-3-2 ER-5-3-2_m1 36.873115 -115.938328 LCA 4,674 5,683 ES Pump
Analytical Data Verification/Validation Procedures
R esponsib leO rgan ization P rocedure
Sample Collection
ER contractor
UF-DR-2: Fluid M anagem ent Status Reporting for W ells in Progress
UF-EC-4: Small Equipm ent Decontam ination
Subject Area: UGTA Sam ple Collection and Processing
M&O contractorSO P-P420.104: Preparing and Sam pling Routine Radiological Environm ental M onitoring Plan (RREM P) G roundw ater W ells
Water-Quality Measurements
ER contractor
UF-FMM-2: Field Screening for Lead in Fluid Sam ples
UF-FMM-3: M easuring A lka lin ity in the Field
UF-FMM-4: W ater Q uality M onitoring
RP-RIC-4: Operation and Calibration o f the TriCarb 2900TR Liquid Scintillation Counter
Analytical Data Verification and Validation
ER contractor
T ier I Data Verification Review Checklist (Q A-DV-1, Q A-CDV-1, Q A-RDV-1)
Chem ical Data Validation, Inorganic (Q A-CDV-1)
Chem ical Data Validation, O rganic (QA-CDV-2)
T ier II Radio logical Data Review - Data Validation Subject A rea (QA-RDV-2, QA-RDV-3, QA-RDV-4)
M&O contractor
Verification, Validation and Data Review o f Environm ental M onitoring Program Data (O P-P 420.117)
Radioanalytical Data Verification, Data Validation, and Data Review (O P-P420.457)
Inorganic Data Verification and Validation (O P-P420.459)
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Table B-2 Analytes, Analytical Procedures, and Sample Collection Information for Required Analyses
(Page 1 of 2)
AnalytePreferred Analytical Method a
TitleDetection
LimitNumber of Containers
ContainerType
Preservative Hold Time Filtration
General Chemistry
Alkalinity ERA 3 1 0 .2 bAlkalinity
(C olorim etric, A u tom a ted , M ethyl O ran g e)20 mg/L a s
C a C 0 3
11-L
(2 5 0 -m L )c polyethylene
Cool/Ice to 6 °C
14 days
UnfilteredPH ERA 150.1 bpH
(E lectrom etric)0.01 24 hours
SpecificC o n d u c ta n c e
EPA 120.1 bC o n d u c ta n c e
(Specific C o n d u c ta n c e , p m h o s a t 25 °C)1.0 pm h o s /cm 28 days
Br, Cl, F, S 0 4 EPA 3 0 0 .0 d D ete rm ination of Inorgan ic A nions in Drinking W a te r by Ion C hro m a to g rap h y
0 .2 5 -1 mg/L 11-L
(125-mL)c polyethylene
Cool/Ice to 6 °C 28 days Filtered(0.45-jim)
Metals
Ag, Al, A s, Ba, C a , C d, Cr, F e , K, Li, M g, Mn, N a, Pb,
S e , Si, S rEPA 6 0 1 0 6
Inductively C oup led P lasm a-A tom ic Em ission S p ec tro m etry (ICP-A ES) 0 .0 0 1 -1 .0 mg/L
11-L
(500-mL) b polyethylene
HN03 to pH<2 6 months Unfiltered
U EPA 6 0 2 0 6 Inductively C oup led P la sm a -M a ss S pec trom etry (ICP-M S)
0 .0001 mg/L
Radioisotopes
G am m a E m itters (26AI, 94Nb, 137C s , 152Eu,
154Eu, 235U, 241Am , 243Am)EPA 901.1 ' G am m a-E m itting R ad io n u c lid es in Drinking W ater 10 pCi/L 137C s 1
1-Lpolyethylene HN03 to pH<2
180 days
Unfiltered
G ro ss A lpha a n d G ro ss B eta EPA 9 0 0 .0 ' G ro ss A lpha/B eta Radioactivity in Drinking W ate r3 pCi/L
(G ro ss A lpha)1
1-L (500-mL)c
polyethyleneHN03 to pH<2 Unfiltered
3H (Low Level)
HASL 3 00 3H -01-R C (p re p )9
EPA 9 0 6 .0 ' (analy sis)
Tritium A ssay in W a te r S a m p le s using Electrolytic E nrichm ent; Tritium (3H) in Drinking W ater 3 pCi/L 3
1-Lpolyethylene None
Unfiltered3H EPA 9 0 6 .0 ' Tritium (3H) in Drinking W ate r 300 pCi/L 1
250-mL (100-mL)c
amber glassNone
90S r EPA 9 0 5 .0 ' S tron tium -90 (90S r) in W a te r 1 pCi/L 11-L
polyethylene H N O s to pH < 2
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Table B-2 Analytes, Analytical Procedures, and Sample Collection Information for Required Analyses
(Page 2 of 2)
AnalytePreferred Analytical Method a
TitleDetection
LimitNumber of Containers
ContainerType
Preservative Hold Time Filtration
14cE E R F C-01 h o r equ ivalen t
R ad io ch em ica l D ete rm ination of C a rb o n -1 4 (14C) in A q u e o u s S a m p le s
500 pCi/L 11-L (100-m L) a m b e r g la s s
N one
180 d a y s (holding tim e is requ ired by S O W but not
analy tical m ethod)
N onfiltered
36CI Lab specific C hlorine-36 (36CI) 4 pC i/L 21-L am b e r
g la s sN o n e
"T cHASL 3 00
T C -0 1 -R C 9 o r equ iv a len t
T echnetium -99 ("T c) in W ate r 10 pCi/L 1 1-Lp o lye thy lene
H N O s to pH < 2
129, EPA 9 0 2 .0 f R ad io ac tiv e Iodine in Drinking W ater <1 pC i/L 21-L am b e r
g la s sN one
238 /23 9 /2 4 0 p u
HASL 3 00 P u -10 -R C 9
o r ASTM D 3865-09 1
o r equ iv a len t
Iso top ic P lu tonium (Pu) 0.1 pC i/L 11-L
p o lye thy lene H N O s to pH < 2
3 E quivalen t m e th o d s p rom u lga ted in 40 C F R 141 (C FR , 2014 ) a re a lso allow ed 0 EPA, 1983cS a m p le v o lum e for d isc re te bailer s a m p le s .0 EPA, 1993 e EPA, 2014 'E P A , 1980 a D OE, 1997 h EPA, 1984 ' ASTM , 20 0 9
ASTM = ASTM International°C = D e g re e s C e ls iu sC a C 0 3 = C alcium ca rb o n a teE E R F = E a s te rn E nv ironm ental R ad iation FacilityHASL = H ealth an d S afe ty L aboratoryH N 0 3 = Nitric ac idIC P-A E S = Inductively co u p led p la sm a-a to m ic em issio n sp ec tro m etry ICP-M S = Inductively co u p led p la sm a -m a s s sp ec tro m etry
L = Litermg/L = M illigram s p e r liter mL = Milliliter S O W = S ta tem e n t of w ork pm = M icrom eter p m h o s = M icrom ho(jm hos/cm = M icrom hos p e r c e n tim e te r
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Table B-3 UGTA Programmatic Interface Procedures
Procedure Comments
Annual Quality Assurance (QA) Report (PA-UPI-1)
Describes requirem ents for developing the Annual QA Report including assessm ents (findings, corrective actions, and closure dates), PEP results, com m ittee membership, procedure updates, lessons learned, list o f activ ities perform ed outside normal w ork scope, and publications.
UGTA Information and Data M anagem ent System (UIDM S) Submittal
(PA-UPI-2)
Describes the process for receiving, reviewing, and placing contributions from UGTA participants into the UGTA UIDMS. Includes processes fo r inform ation and data m anagement; development, verification, review, and docum entation o f software and models; and preparation, review, and issuance o f UGTA docum ents. Processes for handling both shared and published inform ation and data are included.
Issue Tracking (PA-UPI-3)
Describes the processes for entering, adm inistrating, and closing UGTA issues w ith in the issue tracking system.
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B.2.0 References
ASTM, see ASTM International.
ASTM International. 2009. Standard Test M ethodfor Plutonium in Water, ASTM D3865-09.West Conshohocken, PA.
CFR, see Code o f Federal Regulations.
Code o f Federal Regulations. 2014. Title 40 CFR Part 141, “National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.” Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office.
DOE, see U.S. Department of Energy.
EPA, see U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
U.S. Department of Energy. 1997. The Procedures Manual o f the Environmental Measurements Laboratory, HASL-300. 28th Edition, Vol. I. February. New York, NY.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Prescribed Procedures fo r Measurement o fRadioactivity in Drinking Water, EPA 600/4-80-032. Cincinnati, OH: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Office of Research and Development.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1983 .Methods fo r the Chemical Analysis o f Water andWastes, EPA/600/4-79-020. Cincinnati, OH: Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory Office of Research and Development.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1984. Eastern Environmental Radiation FacilityRadiochemical Procedures Manual, EPA 520/5-84-006. Montgomery, AL: Office of Radiation Programs, Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (renamed the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory [NAREL] in 1989).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. Method 300.0: Determination O f Inorganic Anions By Ion Chromatography, Rev. 2.1. Cincinnati, OH: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. SW-846, Test Methods fo r Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods. As accessed athttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846 on 1 August.
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Library Distribution List
Copies
U.S. Department of Energy 1 (Uncontrolled, electronic copy)Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062
Southern Nevada Public Reading Facility 2 (Uncontrolled, electronic copies)c/o Nuclear Testing Archive P.O. Box 98521, M/S 400 Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521
Manager, Northern Nevada FFACO 1 (Uncontrolled, electronic copy)Public Reading Facilityc/o Nevada State Library & Archives100 N Stewart StreetCarson City, NV 89701-4285