Neurotransmitter Receptors in the Amygdala Amygdala Basomedial Nucleus (Accessory Basal) Cortical Nucleus Basolateral Nucleus Medial Nucleus Central Nucleus Lateral Nucleus Coronal Brain Section Amygdala The Amygdala (Greek for “almond-shaped”) is a nuclear complex found in the medial temporal lobe. It was initially described in the first-half of the 19th century by the German physician Karl Burdach, who also co-coined the term “morphology”. The amygdala suffers from both a lack of consensus regarding its anatomical structure, and the relationships of its structures (or nuclei) to adjacent brain areas. Here, we consider the central and medial nuclei to be a phylogenetically “old” complex that has an association with olfaction, and the lateral and basolateral nuclei to be phylogenetically “new” with connections to the cerebral cortex. In general, glutamatergic inputs target the lateral nucleus. The terminals can end on amygdaloid glutamatergic projection neurons that further project to the basolateral and centromedial nuclei. These nuclei may contribute additional intra-amygdaloid connections, or impact neurons in the central nucleus which typically transmit inhibitory signals to neurons in autonomic centers. Alternatively, glutamatergic inputs to the lateral nucleus may end on lateral nucleus GABA neurons. This activates GABA neurons, which subsequently inhibit lateral nucleus projection neurons, creating a feed forward inhibition pathway. In addition, glutamatergic lateral nucleus neurons can act on adjacent GABAergic neurons, generating an inhibitory signal in a feedback inhibition pathway. This schematic depicts potential neuronal processes, their interactions, and associated neurotransmitter receptors. R&D Systems currently offers antibodies to all labeled molecules. PM_09.11_amygdala_OCT NOTE: This poster conveys a general overview and should be considered neither comprehensive nor definitive. The details of the process are understood to be subject to interpretation. © R&D Systems, Inc. 2011 R&D Systems, Inc., 1-800-343-7475, www.RnDSystems.com/Neuroscience PYRAMIDAL NEURON (CaMK + ) ACCESSORY OLFACTORY BULB GLUTAMATERGIC AFFERENT GABAergic NEURON (Estrogen Receptor + , Parvalbumin + ) mGluR8 mGluR7 mGluR2 Glutamate Vesicles mGluR2/R3 PERIAMYGDALOID CORTEX GAD67 + GAD65 + PYRAMIDAL NEURON (CaMK + ) GLUTAMATERGIC AFFERENT GABAergic NEURON (Parvalbumin + ) GABAergic NEURON (Cholecystokinin + ) (Vasointestinal Peptide + ) GABAergic NEURON (Cholecystokinin + ) mGluR3 GluR2 GluR3 mGluR5 mGluR2 mGluR7 GluR2 GluR3 GluR1 mGluR1a GABA Vesicles GABA Vesicles GABA Vesicles GABA A R ( 3) GABA A R ( 3) Glutamate Vesicles GABA B R1 GABA B R2 Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Kv3.1 K + Channel NPY R1 Kv2.2 K + Channel Leptin R (Ob R) mGluR3 Glutamate Vesicles BASOLATERAL NUCLEUS GLUTAMATERGIC AFFERENT NMDAR (NR2C) GABA A R ( 1, 2+3) GABA A R ( 1, 2+3) GABA Vesicles GABA Vesicles PYRAMIDAL NEURON (CaMK + ) GABAergic NEURON (Parvalbumin + ) GABAergic NEURON DOPAMINERGIC AFFERENT from VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA NMDAR (NR1,NR2B) NMDAR (NR2C) GABA B R1 TRPV1 Cannabinoid Receptor 1 GABA B R2 Dopamine Transporter Glutamate Vesicles Glutamate Vesicles Dopamine Vesicles GLUTAMATERGIC AFFERENT mGluR5 mGluR1a NMDAR (NR1,NR2A) GluR (2,3) NMDAR (NR1,NR2A) LATERAL NUCLEUS PYRAMIDAL NEURON (CaMK + ) GABAergic PROJECTION NEURON (Vasointestinal Peptide + , Somatostatin + ) NMDAR (NR1,NR2A) GABA A R ( 2, 1, 2) Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 Glycine R ( 1, ) Somatostatin Receptor 2 GABA A R ( 2, 3, 1) GLUTAMATERGIC AFFERENT INTERCALATED CELL MASSES AFFERENT BED NUCLEUS OF THE STRIA TERMINALS AFFERENT TrkB mGluR5 GAD67 + mGluR1a GABA Vesicles GABA Vesicles GABA A R ( 2, 1) Glutamate Vesicles Vasointestinal Peptide Receptor 2 CENTRAL NUCLEUS GABAergic NEURON (Neuropeptide Y + ) Glucagon-like Peptide Receptor 1 MEDIAL NUCLEUS Nogo-C GABA B R1 BSRP-A Vanilloid R1 R&D Systems offers a wide range of high quality products for neuroscience research. In addition to high performance antibodies, we offer the most referenced collection of premium quality proteins and ELISA kits in the industry. Our catalog also includes primary rat and mouse cortical stem cells, and kits for the expansion, differentiation, and identification of neural stem cells. Neuroscience Research R&D Systems Products for Scan this QR code with your smart-phone to request a PDF copy of this poster. Or visit our website at: www.RnDSystems.com/Amygdala Need neurotransmitter inhibitors? Visit Tocris Bioscience at Booth # 739.