Neurophysiological and evolutionary

Neurophysiological and Evolutionary TheoriesAdreena LindJuly 8, 2013Psychology 390Steve Lazarre

Introduction to Neurophysiological and Evolutionary Theories

Donald O. Hebb• Born July 22,1904, in Chester, Nova Scotia

• Graduated from Dalhousie University in 1925 aspiring to be a novelist

• Obtained his Master’s Degree from in 1932.

• In 1935, Karl Lashley, invites Hebb to accompany him to Harvard University to continue their work together and his studies

• In 1936, Hebb received his Ph.D. from Harvard University

• Wrote The Organization of Behavior in 1949

Robert C. Bolles• Born April 24, 1928, in Sacramento, California.

• Stricken with polio at an early age Bolles had to be Home-schooled until he was 12.

• Robert earned a his bachelor’s degree in 1948 and hi master’s in 1949 from Stanford University.

• Having a kinship for mathematics Bolles became a mathematician at the U.S. Navy Radiological Defense Laboratory in San Francisco.

• In 1956 Bolles received his PhD in psychology from University of California at Berkeley.

• In 1959, Bolles settling at Hollins College; where in 1967 he wrote The Theory of Motivation.

• In 1966, Bolles began working on the analysis of fear and avoidance at the University of Washington.

Contributions of Donald O. Hebb

• Learning in Aplysia

• Connections in Cell Assemblies

• Self-reinforcements of the Brain

• Work dealing with effects of Long-Term Depression

on the Brain

• Long-Term Potentiation, memory, and plasticity

Contributions of Robert C. Bolles • Emphasized the anticipation of goals

• Negated the Hullian Drive Theory

• Recognizing that motivation and learning were connected

• Perception of stimuli draws corresponding response

• Debunked the empiricist of cognitive abilities as random

Model of Hebb’s theories

Long-term Depression Long-term Potentiation

Models associated with Hebb’s theories

• Effects of Environments on Learning

• Arousal Theory

• Short and Long Term Memory

• Consolidation

Model of Bolles’ theories• Instrumental Conditioning

• Escape and Avoidance

• species-specific defensive reactions

Models associated with Bolles’ theories• Preparedness Continuum

• Innate Predispositions

• The Niche Argument

• Innate S-S and R-S expectancies

• Motivation Restricts Response Flexibility

Evolutional and Neurophysiological concepts in modern Media

Conclusion

ReferencesBolles, Robert C. (1967). Theory of Motivation. New York: Harper & Row.Bouton, M. E., & Fanselow, M. S. (1996, July). Robert C. Bolles (1928 - 1994). American Psychologist , Vol. 51(7), 1.

Olson, M.H. & Hergenhahn, B.R. (2013). An Introduction to Theories of Learning (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Raymond M. Klein (1999) Canadian Journal of Experimental: The Hebb Legacy Psychology retrieved from http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/documents/publications/cjep/special_eng.html database.