1/16/2013 1 Neurological System Anatomy & Physiology Part 2 S. Elliott, RN, BScN, CNCC(C) ICU Professional Practice Leader M. Cunningham, RN, MScN, ICU Nurse Practitioner Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital Windsor, Ontario January 2013 Divisions of Nervous System CNS Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral NS 12 pr CN 31 pr SN ANS PNS SNS Subdivisions of the Brain 3 major areas: Cerebrum Hemispheres Thalamus Hypothalamus Basal Ganglia CN I & II Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Cerebellum
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1/16/2013
1
Neurological System Anatomy & Physiology
Part 2
S. Elliott, RN, BScN, CNCC(C)
ICU Professional Practice Leader
M. Cunningham, RN, MScN, ICU Nurse Practitioner
Hotel-Dieu Grace Hospital
Windsor, Ontario
January 2013
Divisions of Nervous System
� CNS
� Brain
� Spinal Cord
� Peripheral NS
� 12 pr CN
� 31 pr SN
� ANS
� PNS
� SNS
Subdivisions of the Brain
� 3 major areas:
� Cerebrum
� Hemispheres
� Thalamus
� Hypothalamus
� Basal Ganglia
� CN I & II
� Brain Stem
� Midbrain
� Pons
� Medulla
� Cerebellum
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Important Landmarks
� Gyri
� Sulci/fissure
� Lobes
� Great longitudinal fissure
� Lateral fissure of Sylvius
� Central fissure of Rolando
� Parietal-Occipital fissure
� pre-central gyrus
� post-central gyrus
Sulci & Gyri
Precentral gyrus Central fissure of Rolando
Grey & White Matter
� Each hemisphere covered by cerebral cortex of gray matter 2-5 mm thick� Contains billions of neurons
� Under cortex lies white matter� Association & projection pathways
� Contains nerve fibers and neuroglia
� 3 types:
� Transverse (commissural) fibers- largest is corpus callosum
� Projection fibers
� Association fibers
Extracted from:
Hickey, J. (2009) The clinical practice of neurological & neurosurgical
nursing (6th Ed): Lipincott Williams & Wilkins.
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White Matter Fibres
•Transverse (Commissural)
•Connect functionally related
structures
•Run from one cerebral
hemisphere to the other
•Corpus Callosum is largest
commissure
•Projection Fibres
•Pass between the cerebral
cortex & subcortical structures
•Association Fibres
•Interconnect cortical sites lying within one cerebral
hemisphere
•Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
•Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus
Internal Capsule� Corona radiata- area where many fibers are coverging from/to cortex & converging @ brainstem
� Internal Capsule- area where fibers enter thalamus/hypothalamus region
� Massive bundle of sensory & motor fibers connection various subdivisions of the brain and spinal cord� Contains both radiation and projection fibers