NEUROBIOLOGICAL Biological processes influence behaviors Genetic factors influence behaviors Brain chemistry, nervous system, and hormones Localization.

NEUROBIOLOGICALBiological processes influence behaviorsGenetic factors influence behaviorsBrain chemistry, nervous system, and

hormones

Localization of Function – Phineas Gage

EVOLUTIONARYNatural selection of traits promoted the

survival of genesHow has anger facilitated the survival of our

ancestors’ genes?

PSYCHOANALTICPsychodynamicUnconscious motives influence behavior

SexualAggressive

Past experiences/Childhood influence behavior

Sigmund Freud – Defense MechanismsCarl Jung – Collective Unconscious

Carl Jung

BEHAVIORALPersonal experiences and reinforcement

guide developmentEnvironmental influencesObservational learningPunishments & RewardsStimulus & ResponseIvan PavlovJohn B. WatsonB.F. Skinner

Ivan Pavlov

Little Albert

Watson and Little Albert

Brave New World

COGNITIVEPerceptions & Thoughts influence behaviorMental ImagesInformation ProcessingThinking & LanguageMemory FunctioningStroop Test

Messing with your mind since 1935

Red Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeRed Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red Yellow

Red Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeRed Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red Yellow

Questions?Do we read words faster than we name

colors?Do you think children who haven’t learned to

read yet would have an easier time with this test? What about older people? What about ESL or non-native English speakers?

Conclusions?

Reading is automatic… a skill we learn and becomes more and more ingrained in us as we get older.

Color naming is a control process, something we must use directed attention to accomplish.

Other conclusions?

HUMANISTICPeople are born good with the potential for

excellencePeople make free & conscious choices based

on their experiencesCarl Rogers – Self v. Ideal SelfAbraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs

(theory of motivation) = SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Victor Frankl

SOCIOCULTURALEthnicity, Gender, Culture, Socioeconomic

status create individual differencesBehavior influenced by rules and

expectations of societal groups

Cultural practice example: Sleeping arrangementsInfants sleeping arrangements

during the child’s first two years

Culture (n.): A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts, conscious and unconscious, transmitted across generations through learning.

JE: Perspectives in PsychologyOut of the 6 major perspectives of

psychology, which one or combination do you personally support?

Justify your response with specific examples of behavior and explanations as to why you do NOT support other approaches.