Network Operating System
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Network Operating System
Topic Objectives:
• Describe on what is a Network Operating System
• Learn on what is a Client and a Server• Learn the difference between Windows Server
and Linux Server
Network Operating System
• A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating system; a system that is designed primarily to support workstation, personal computer, and, in some instances, older terminal that are connected on a local area network (LAN).
Network Operating System
• The term network operating system is generally reserved for software that enhances a basic operating system by adding networking features. Novell Netware, Artisoft's LANtastic, Microsoft Windows Server, and Windows NT are examples of a NOS.
Features of NOS• Basic operating system features support like protocol support,
processor support, hardware detection and multiprocessing support for applications
• Security features like authentication, restrictions, authorizations and access control
• Features for file, Web service, printing and replication• Directory and name services management• User management features along with provisions for remote
access and system management• Internetworking features like routing and WAN ports• Clustering capabilities
Common tasks associated with NOS
• User administration• System maintenance activities like backup• Tasks associated with file management• Security monitoring on all resources in the
network• Setting priority to print jobs in the network
What is a Client?
Client
• It is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server. The server is often (but not always) on another computer system, in which case the client accesses the service by way of a network.
• The term applies to programs or devices that are part of a client–server model.
Client cont…
• A client is the requesting program or user in a client/server relationship.
• For example, the user of a Web browser is effectively making client requests for pages from servers all over the Web.
• The browser itself is a client in its relationship with the computer that is getting and returning the requested HTML file. The computer handling the request and sending back the HTML file is a server.
What is a Server?
Server
• It is a computer or computer program that manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network.
• In computer networking, a server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to other (client) computers over a local network or the Internet.
Server
• Many types of servers exist, including web servers, mail servers, and file servers. Each type runs software specific to the purpose of the server.
• For example, a Web server may run Apache HTTP Server or Microsoft IIS, which both provide access to websites over the Internet.
Windows Server and Linux Server
What is Window Server?
Windows Server• Windows Server is a group of operating systems designed
by Microsoft that supports enterprise-level management, data storage, applications, and communications.
• A series of server operating systems developed by Microsoft Corporation.
• Windows servers are more powerful versions of their desktop operating system counterparts and are designed to more efficiently handle corporate networking, Internet/intranet hosting, databases, enterprise-scale messaging and similar functions.
Windows Server
• Previous versions of Windows Server have focused on stability, security, networking, and various improvements to the file system.
• Other improvements also have included improvements to deployment technologies, as well as increased hardware support. Microsoft has also created specialized SKUs of Windows Server that focus on the home and small business markets.
• Windows Server 2012 R2 is the latest release of Windows Server, and focuses on cloud computing.
What is Linux Server
Linux Server
• A Linux server is a high-powered variant of the Linux open source operating system that's designed to handle the more demanding needs of business applications such as network and system administration, database management and Web services.
Linux Server
• Linux servers are frequently selected over other server operating systems for their stability, security and flexibility advantages. Leading Linux server operating systems include CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu Server, Slackware and Gentoo.
Windows Server and Linux Server
• Which NOS is best for your business?
Windows
• Microsoft products are regarded as the standard option for most businesses.
• Most IT admins are comfortable using either Windows Server 2008 and 2012.
• According to Microsoft's website, 2008's mainstream support will end in 2015, with extended support ending in 2020.
• Cost is also an important factor; licence fees are expensive. The more employees you have, the more expensive it will become.
Linux
• You can download, modify it and re-distribute it without spending any money.
• Linux itself is not a complete operating system (it is just a kernel) and requires an additional set of software to be bundled with it.
• SUSE is popular with the enterprise market • Linux is installed on over 95% of the world's best
supercomputers demonstrating that it is the fastest performing OS with the smallest resource footprint.
Linux
• Linux distributions also offer alternatives to popular Microsoft products such as Microsoft Exchange
• If you already use Microsoft and are looking to migrate to Linux in stages, SUSE (for example) is compatible with Active Directory, Exchange, SharePoint and Novell GroupWise.
• Recently, SUSE partnered with Microsoft to enable Hyper-V node management using SUSE Cloud, allowing you to run a mixed environment where required.
Linux
• No OS is perfect; one of the major downsides of Linux is that as it is a lesser known platform you will find it harder to administrators with the skills to configure and support the system in-house.
Windows and Linux
• Final Word:
– “Selecting the right platform is important for the health of your business. It's worth building a test system running your preferred OS so you can spot any issues and check security and performance prior to going live, with minimal disruption for your users.”
– David Barker is the technical director of 4D Data Centres
Versions of Windows Server• Windows Server 2012 R2• Windows Server 2012• Windows Server 2008 R2• Windows Server 2008• Windows Server 2003 R2• Windows Server 2003• Windows Server 2000• Windows NT 4.0• Windows NT 3.51• Windows NT 3.5• Windows NT 3.1
Linux Server Distributions
• The following are the TOP 10 Linux Distributions of 2015 according serverwatch.com:
• Ubuntu• Red Hat Enterprise Linux• Suse Linux Enterprise Server• CentOS• Debian
Linux Server Distributions
• Oracle Linux• Mageia/Mandriva• ClearOS• Arch Linux• Slackware
Types of Network Operating System
• Peer-to-peer network operating system users are allowed to share resources and files located on their computers and access shared resources from others. This system is not based with having a file server or centralized management source. A peer-to-peer network sets all connected computers equal; they all share the same abilities to use resources available on the network
Peer-to-Peer
Peer-to-Peer
• Advantages– Ease of setup– Less hardware needed, no server needs to be purchased.
• Disadvantages– No central location for storage.– Lack of security that a client/server type offers
Types of Network Operating System
• Client/Server Network Operating Systems can be based on a client/server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share resources. Client/server network operating systems allow the network to centralize functions and applications in one or more dedicated file servers. The server is the center of the system, allowing access to resources and instituting security.
Client/Server Network
Client/Server
• Advantages– Centralized servers are more stable.– Security is provided through the server.– New technology and hardware can be easily integrated into
the system.– Servers are able to be accessed remotely from different
locations and types of systems.• Disadvantages
– Cost of buying and running a server are high.– Dependence on a central location for operation.– Requires regular maintenance and updates.
Examples
• Peer-to-Peer– Bittorrent– Napster and Gnutella– Windows for Workgroups– AppleShare
• Client/Server– Windows Server – Linux Server– Mac OS X Server
Domain vs Workgroup
Domain
• It is a group of computers and devices on a network that are administered as a unit with common rules and procedures. Within the Internet, domains are defined by the IP address. All devices sharing a common part of the IP address are said to be in the same domain.
Workgroup
• In computer networking, a workgroup is a collection of computers on a local area network (LAN) that share common resources and responsibilities. Workgroups provide easy sharing of files, printers and other network resources.
• The Microsoft Windows family of operating systems supports assigning of computers to named workgroups.
References
• http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/network-operating-system
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network_operating_system_NOS.html
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Windows_Server.html
• https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn636873%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/linux_server.html
References
• http://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/windows-vs-linux-which-os-is-best-for-your-business--1265775
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions
• http://www.serverwatch.com/columns/article.php/3900711/The-Top-10-Linux-Server-Distributions.htm
• http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/domain.html
References
• http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/design/g/bldef_workgroup.htm
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