Network for Integrity in Reconstruction. Stability of the country in the short/medium/long term State fragility: a dynamic political process balancing.

Network for Integrity in Reconstruction

• Stability of the country in the short/medium/long term

• State fragility: a dynamic political process balancing the expectations of citizens and the ability and interest of the state in delivering to them.

• Integrity – a function of competence, accountability and corruption control -can help build more resilient, stable states.

Post war context

Phases of reconstruction

Reconstruction

Peace Settlement

Timeca. 0-15 years after a peace settlement

Development needs (financial and technical)

Absorptive capacity of government and society

International financial assistance

1.

1. Potlatch: Period of high expectations; high corruption risks; low demands for accountability

2.

2. Late Awakening: Risk of entrenched corruption; high public perceptions of corruption; high internal and external demand for accountability; high risk of return to violent conflict.

War

The Challenge

• Functioning states = critical, often part of the problem, but need to be part of the solution

• Anti-corruption initiatives are important for sound governance, but this focus alone is too narrow and can have negative unintended consequences

– Evidence of success lacking – ACCs, increase government salaries, public awareness raising

Accountability Chain

The beneficiaries must be reintegrated in the accountability chain

X % of aid

Y%

Audit and financial accountabilityAudit and financial accountability ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?

Actual accountability chain

Integrity Approach

• Address the gaps – not just a question of financial accountability

• Competence – Reinforce national capacities and resources, contextualised knowledge

• Accountability- Focus on access to information, community engagement, local accountability mechanisms

• Identify and mitigate corruption risks– focus on corruption risks analysed as being particularly destabilising, collaborative governance > confrontational approach

Network for Integrity in Reconstruction

Palestine

Teacher Creativity

Centre

- Roads- Schools- Water

and waste- Library- Parks

Timor Leste

Luta Hamutuk

- Roads- Electricity- Veteran housing- Health centers

- Schools

Nepal

CAHURAST

- Water- Health- Road

- Education services

Dem Rep of Congo

FOCHI and Centre

Resolution Conflits

- Water projects- Health centers- Roads- Land

- Electricity

Liberia

Poverty Reduction Strategy Tracking Network (8 NGOs)

- Infrastructure and health,

education of the PRS

Afghanistan

Integrity Watch

Afghanistan

- Health centers

- Schools- Roads

- Electricity- Police station

The Chirezi Foundation

Community monitors to ensure effective delivery of key projects, such as water pipes by Regideso (National Water Company) and water pumps by Oxfam, and the proper construction of health centres.

Teacher’s Creativity Centre

Students and teachers monitor construction of roads, schools, water, library and parks

•In the West Bank, the Teacher Creativity Centre (TCC) is engaging students and teachers in community monitoring and integrating the approach in school programmes. They have trained 14 teachers and 14 principals, half of whom are women, who in turn have trained more than 560 students as monitors (equal numbers of boys and girls).  

• Working with various authorities such as the Ministry of Education and prominent figures in the communities, the students are monitoring projects such as schools, wells, parks, food-for-work programmes, and roads, uncovering malpractices and working with authorities to address these problems.  TCC seeks to integrate the social audit approach across schools in Palestine.

Teacher’s Creativity Centre

Campaign for Social Transformation and Human Rights

Volunteers monitor road and sanitation construction, and education, health services

• The Campaign for Human Rights and Social Transformation (CAHURAST) and community monitors are improving access to quality maternal health, irrigation and school services. Community monitors identified that the construction of a school toilet in Dhading district was halted due to lack of funds; they therefore liaised with the Village Development Committee for additional funds, which means that students now have access to sanitation.

• Additionally, community monitors identified a lack of efficient irrigation systems in Gyalchowk, so they liaised with the National Planning Commission (NPC) of Nepal. As a result, budget has been allocated for irrigation programmes. This commitment has been published in the NPC’s Annual Development Program Book.

Campaign for Social Transformation and Human Rights

Poverty Reduction Strategy Tracking Network

Community researchers to monitor education and health projects under

Liberia’s Poverty Reduction Strategy

The Poverty Reduction Strategy Tracking Network (PRSTN), a coalition of eight CSOs, has engaged

community researchers to monitor education and health projects under the Poverty Reduction

Strategy. They used household survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, community

scorecards and interviews to measure the level of participation, access to information, accountability,

acceptability and availability of the PRS projects.

The researchers and communities found that despite the recent passage of the Freedom of

Information Law, project beneficiaries could not access sufficient information about development

initiatives that affect their communities or counties. In their monitoring of schools, they found that while

the Government of Liberia’s education policy provides for 1 teacher to 45 students, there were

classrooms with 1 teacher to 80 students. The teachers’ wages were not enough to cover their needs.

The research findings also showed that there were limited chairs for students in the schools and poor

sanitary conditions.

Poverty Reduction Strategy Tracking Network

Centre Resolutions Conflits

In North Kivu, Centre Resolutions Conflits is engaging community committees to monitor electricity, rehabilitation of roads and schools, parks, water projects and ensure the reintegration of former child soldiers and displaced people. The current monitoring builds on CRC’s experience of reuniting children and reintegrating more than 5,000 former combatants, and the monitoring of elections, NGO accountability and medicine distribution funded by the European Commission.

Integrity Watch Afghanistan

IWA has trained 150 monitors and has worked with them to monitor more than 90 reconstruction projects

MOBILIZATION LMG TRAINING ASSISTANCE TO ACCESS INFO INFO SHARING/CHANNELING ADVOCACY POLICY IWA FACILITATION ROLE

PEOPLE CHOOSE

LOCAL MONITORING GROUP (LMG)

PROJECT TO BE MONITORED (CORRESPONDING TO THE COMMUNITIES’ PRIORITIES)

SURVEY BENEFICIARIES'

VIEWS

OBTAIN PROJECT

DOCUMENTSFIELD VISITS

INTEGRITY MONITORING BY THE LOCAL MONITORING GROUP (LMG)

MONITORING REPORT

LMG SHARE MONITORING

RESULTS WITH

RESULTS

SOLUTIONS

BEST PRACTICES

ARE SHARED

SOLUTIONS ARE FOUND TO CORRECT

PROJECT

IMPACT

1.HOLD IMPLEMENTERS ACCOUNTABLE

2.EMPOWER COMMUNITIES

3.FIGHT CORRUPTION

4.INFORM THE DONORS ON THE IMPACT OF THEIR WORK

5.IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF FUNDING AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

6.BUILD CREDIBILITY OF CITIZENS’ ACTION

7.OFFERS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SPOILERS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

REPORTING

SELECTION PROCESS

Pressure

LMG’S MONITORING RESULTS RECEIVE COMMUNITY’S APPROVAL

2

34

5

1

DONORS

STATE

PROJECT IMPLEMENTERS

COMMUNITY

Community-Driven Monitoring

AS IMPLEMENTED BY IWA IN JABULSARAJ SINCE 2007

Integrity Watch Afghanistan

IWA Case Study

Construction of the surrounding wall of Neman High School in Parwan.

This was done to improve the education conditions for the students in this

community. Before, the building of the school was unprotected, so studying

sessions were regularly disturbed and there was no playing ground for

students.

IWA monitors identified a violation of the signed contract:

The terms of conditions stated that the wall should be three meters high wall

with the width of 60 cm. This was clearly not the case.

IIWA’s monitors worked with the head of Provincial Education Department and

held meetings with the manager of the construction company.

- as a result of which the contractor accepted to respect the contract and build

the wall as per the specifications of the contract.            

Luta Hamutuk – Timor Leste

Works with communities to monitor the construction of roads, veteran housing, health centers, schools as well as electricity projects

Luta Hamutuk casestudy

Since many of Dili’s residents complained about frequent power cuts, Luta Hamutuk began monitoring the government’s public electricity contracts.

In 2007, the Canadian company ‘Manitoba’ (MHI) was awarded a five year Management Services contract to take full management responsibility for state owned electricity company ‘Electricidad de Timor Leste’ (EdTL) MHI provided a team of individuals to fill the positions of Director-General of EdTL, senior management, and technical staff, as well as provided training and services for EdTL's operation. Activities included the day to day management of the utility, medium term planning of the utilities business, financial management, loss reduction, collections, and capacity building of EdTL, managing project financing and the implementation of rural electrification plans.

Luta Hamutuk discovered through ongoing monitoring, the following problems:

• the tendering process for maintenance took too long;

• poor maintenance of equipment in general;

• lack of fuel supply to run the generators;

• lack of technical capacity building;

• and poor supervision by the government.

 Therefore, Luta Hamutuk started advocating before the Secretary of State for Electricity to have effective operations and maintenance, as well as standby generators.

 As a result of Luta Hamutuk’s initiatives, some EDTL management staff have been replaced, which has lead to greater efficiency.

Finally, the government is now considering alternative means of providing electricity, such as hydropower and biogas - with a feasibility study taking place in a lake near Lospalos.

Overall Results

Luta Hamutuk’s monitoring of the award and implementation of public contracts has involved:

• oversight during the tender preparatory process;

• contract oversight in the course of the execution of an awarded tender;

• and performance audit after the completion of the contract in respect to procurement as required.

Which ensures that:

• contracts are awarded impartially and on merit;

• the circumstances in which each contract is awarded or terminated - do not involve any irregularities;

• the implementation of each such contract conforms to the terms thereof.

Thank you

[email protected]

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