Network builder’s checklist for rules and regulation Risto Toikkanen EADS Secure Networks 28.10.2005 Other laws Standards IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals.

Network builder’s checklist for rules and regulation

Risto ToikkanenEADS Secure Networks

28.10.2005

Other lawsOther laws StandardsStandards

IPRIPR

LicencingLicencing Spectrum Spectrum ApprovalsApprovals

IOPIOP

System planningSystem planning

Agenda

1. Regulation vs agreements

2. Standards and Intellectual property

3. Licensing

4. Radio spectrum

5. Acceptance

6. Environmental legislation

7. Interoperability certification

8. Network design process

What do I need to know about regulation, laws, agreements etc to put a TETRA system on air?

Other lawsOther laws StandardsStandards

IPRIPR


IOPIOP


Environmentaletc legislation

Environmentaletc legislation StandardsStandards

Regulation v.s. agreements?

IPR/PatentsIPR/Patents

Operating licence

Operating licence

Spectrum licence

Spectrum licence

Type approvals

Type approvals

InteroperabilityInteroperability

INDUSTRY

AGREEMENTSLAW

REGULATION – BY ADMINISTRATION, BASED ON LAW

Standards and Intellectual PropertyStandards• TETRA is a strong, widely supported

digital trunked radio standard by ETSI• TETRA was capable to enable open

multi-vendor market• TETRA was capable to create

competed marketplace

LawsLaws StandardStandard

IPRIPR


IOPIOP


Intellectual property• Patents, trade marks, copyrights, …• ETSI IPR Policy & international

competition laws set the TETRA rules• FRAND: Declaration to licence on Fair,

Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory terms See ETSI & TETRA MoU websites for more

See ETSI websites www.etsi.org, portal.etsi.org

http://www.etsi.org/

What do you mean by regulation?

All these elements implemented in each country, details (and efficiency) may vary.

In Europe harmonisation push from the EU and ECC/CEPT.

Licencing andcompetition

policy

Licencing andcompetition

policy

Spectrummanagement and licencing

Spectrummanagement and licencing

Approvalsand marketsurveillance

Approvalsand marketsurveillance

REGULATION – BY ADMINISTRATION, BASED ON LAW

Licensing – national issue• Operating licence only for

commercial systems• Spectrum licence always

needed• Spectrum is rare and thus

valuable – licence costs• Licencing practices:

First come first served

Beauty parade

AuctionERC Report 105, Review of PMR fees, Feb 2001: “…

auctions are not a suitable instrument for the issuing of PMR licences … first come first served is the most suitable in the case of PMR.”


IPRIPR


IOPIOP


Example PMR licence fees

22732

47542

54576

21206

665 769 19643643 3678

5000 5079 5116 6513 7309

13080

20539

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Bulg

aria

Denm

ark

Cze

ch R

ep

Ge

rmany

Hungary

UK

Irela

nd

Norw

ay

Fin

land

Neth

erlands

Aust

ria

Fra

nce

Italy

Cyp

rus

Sw

itzerland

Belg

ium

22732

47542

54576

21206

665 769 19643643 3678

5000 5079 5116 6513 7309

13080

20539

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Bulg

aria

Denm

ark

Cze

ch R

ep

Ge

rmany

Hungary

UK

Irela

nd

Norw

ay

Fin

land

Neth

erlands

Aust

ria

Fra

nce

Italy

Cyp

rus

Sw

itzerland

Belg

ium

“A trunked PMR system of 3 base stations and 400 mobiles using 3 exclusive PMR channels over an operation area of approx.10 km”

Annual fee in Euros; ERC Report 105, Feb 2001

ECCElectronic Communications Committee

CE

PT

Radio spectrum - Europe• ECC – Electronic Communications

Committee (– earlier ERC)• CEPT Working Groups Frequency

Management (FM) & Spectrum Engineering (SE)

• Project Teams – FM38 PT for PMR spectrum strategy

ECC Decisions national implementation by country

• For TETRA Rel 1 the work is done• See www.ero.dk + national

administration pages• Now the work for TETRA Rel 2 TEDS

spectrum is starting


IPRIPR


IOPIOP


European TETRA spectrumIn practice European Public Safety TETRA systems are

at 380 to 400 MHz, others at 410 to 430 MHz

380 400 410 430 450 470 870 876 915 921390

ERC Decision (96)01 – for Emergency Services – based on agreement with NATO – implemented by 29 administrations

ERC Decision (96)04 – for ”Civil TETRA” – implemented by 28 administrations

ECC Decision (02)03 –”Narrowband Digital PMR Decision” - implemented by 15 administrations

All these decisions are currently under review within CEPT

The 800 MHz band is the most common allocation for 25 kHz PMR channels such as TETRA outside Europe =

TETRA spectrum outside EU

821 866806 851380 400 430410

= Available in a few countries, has to be checked by country

+ some country specific UHF allocations like Russia 300-308/336-344 and China 350-370

Acceptance

• EU moved from Type Approvals to Conformance Declaration and Market Surveillance along with R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC

• Self-declaration: Declaration of Conformity (DoC)- to Harmonised Standards or - Technical Construction File (TCF) plus

opinion of Notified Body

• Notification to regulator + CE marking• Market Surveillance ECC Report

15/Sep 2002

Type Approvals Declaration of Conformance

country restriction


IPRIPR


IOPIOP


Harmonised standards to be met

1. Efficient usage of spectrum (technical compliance):• EN 303 035-1 Harmonised EN for TETRA equipment covering … V+D

• EN 303 035-2 Harmonised EN for TETRA equipment covering … DMO

2. Electromagnetic compatibility:• EN 301 489-01 EMC standard for radio equipment and services, part 1:

Common technical requirements

• EN 301 489-18 EMC standard for radio equipment and services, part 18: Specific requirements for TETRA

3. Electromagnetic safety, e.g. (handsets):• EN 50360 Product standard … exposure to electromagnetic fields

• EN 50361 Basic standard for the measurement of Specific Absorption Rate …

380 400410 430450 470 870876 915921390

Harmonised TETRA standards:

Environment: EU ROHS Directive

• “DIRECTIVE 2002/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of

certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment” • http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l_037/l_03720030213en00190023.pdf

= Reduction Of Harmful Substances

• Becomes effective on 1st July, 2006• Restricts the selling of the electronic equipment

which contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and/or polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)

requires hardware redesign• Does not affect spare parts for and re-use (re-

selling) of products sold before 1 July 2006• China is defining their own ROHS legislation


IPRIPR


IOPIOP


http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/l_037/l_03720030213en00190023.pdf

Interoperability certification• Voluntary industry arrangement to

verify multi-vendor performance• Established and magaged by the

TETRA MoU Association• Supervised by authorised test house

ISCTI• The IOP certification process was

the necessary enabler of open multi-vendor TETRA market and competition for the benefit of all players

For customers: more choice, less dependency, security against market disturbances, competed prices, competed product featuresFor industry: bigger market, better possibility to invest, faster take-up of market, faster developmement


IPRIPR


IOPIOP


TETRA IOP Certification process

STANDARDS

MoUOperator/User Association

Technical ForumMembers’ Enquiry

TIP SPECS

TMO AI groupDMO AI group

ISI group PEI group

approx 12 suppliers

TEST PLANS

MoU

Certification Body ISCTI *) – Rome/Italy

ACCEPTED into OPERATION(Also need CE mark or TA)

CERTIFICATE

*) Instituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e tecnologie dell'Informazione

IOP – achievements/V+D AIV+D Functionality (TTR 001) TIP Test plan Certified

Part 1: Version 4 core Ready Ready Yes

Part 2: Short Data Service Ready Ready Yes

Part 3: DGNA Ready Ready Yes

Part 4: Authentication Ready Ready Yes

Part 5: Packet Data, incl multi-slot Ready Ready Yes

Part 6: Air Interf Migration ph 2 Ready Ready Yes

Part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Ready Ready Yes

Part 8: RF Loop-back Ready

Part 9: Ambience Listening Ready Ready Yes

Part 10: E2E Encryption & CVO Ready Ready Yes

Part 11: AI Encryption Ready Ready Yes

Part 12: Service Interaction Ready Ready Yes

Part 13: Enable/Disable Ready

Part 14: TETRA key distribution Ready

Part 15: Call Author by Dispatcher Ready Post-ME

Part 16: Air-to-ground (new v2.0) Ready

Part 17: Radio User Assignment Ready

Part 18: Circuit Mode Data Call Post-ME

Tested products:• Cleartone• DeTeWe/FWK• Frequentis• IFR (tester) • Marconi/OTE• Motorola• Niros• Nokia/EADS• R & S Bick• Rohill• Simoco/Sepura• Teltronic• Thales

Certificates at www.tetramou.com

Tested products:• Cleartone• DeTeWe/FWK• Frequentis• IFR (tester) • Marconi/OTE• Motorola• Niros• Nokia/EADS• R & S Bick• Rohill• Simoco/Sepura• Teltronic• Thales


Status as per28.10.2005

Status as per28.10.2005

IOP – achievements/DMO & ISIDMO Functionality (TTR 002) TIP Test plan Certified

Part 1: Version 2 core Ready Ready Yes

Part 2: DMO Gateway Ready Ready

Part 3: Type 1 DMO Repeater Ready Ready

Part 4: DMO end-to-end encryption Ready Ready

Part 5: DMO Air Interface Security Post-ME

ISI Functionality (TTR 003) TIP Test plan Certified

Part 1: Mobility mgmt + authent Ready Post-ME

Part 2: Individual call Ready Post-ME

Part 3: Short Data Service Ready

Part 4: Lower layers Ready

Part 5-1: Circuit mode voice xfer Ready

Part 5-2: Packet mode voice xfer Ready

Part 6: Group call Ready

Next step: PEI Functionality

Tested DMO products:

• Cleartone• Marconi/OTE• Motorola• Nokia/EADS• Simoco/Sepura• Teltronic


Tested DMO products:

• Cleartone• Marconi/OTE• Motorola• Nokia/EADS• Simoco/Sepura• Teltronic


System planning aspects

How TETRA differs from cellular systems planning

• Group calls, multi-site, single channel• Mix of semi-duplex & full duplex calls• Short call durations• Multiple call priorities• Queuing for radio resources• Traffic from/to dispatch workstations

and C&C systems• Intense use of data applications like

AVL• Radio network dimensioning rather

coverage driven than capacity driven


IPRIPR


IOPIOP


PMR network planning flow

Site planning/acquisition

Site planning/acquisition

Radio network planning

Radio network planning

Transmission planning

Transmission planning

Core network planning

Core network planning

- coverage planning- capacity dimensioning- frequency planning- radio parameter planning

- transmission topology- redundancy- signalling capacity- voice/data payload capacity

- traffic capacity- call/transaction processing capacity- delay performance- application & control room interfaces- fleet/VPN plan- numbering plan - routing plans- system parameter planning

Remember group call modelling, one slot per group call per site.

The big task, difficult to fix later. Use- proper CAD tools- right digital maps- professional staff

“Experienced planning engineer can design 50 to 70 radio sites per year.”

Radio coverage estimation

= “link budget”

uplink Tx power -uplink Rx sensitivity - or -downlink Tx power -downlink Rx sensitivity

Max power margin+ antenna gains- cable etc losses

Coverage/noise limited design (simplified)

Cell radius

Cell area

Number of cells

Noise limited design is the default but please remember:• Irregularities in terrain• Cell overlap wanted for redundancy• Buildings needing indoor coverage• Possible umbrella cell arrangements• Possible capacity limited hot spot cells• Possible air-to-ground cells

You may wantmore cells than what the plain math suggests

You may wantmore cells than what the plain math suggests

Max path lossantenna heightsfrequencyterrain type

Okumura-Hata model

Manufacturer can only help

with Rx sensitivity

Manufacturer can only help

with Rx sensitivity

How do you ensure that ...

• Permission to switch on: Licence & CE mark• Health & safety: SAR conformance report (part of

CE process)• Interoperability: IOP certificate

These tell that it meets the baseline ...

... but the multi-vendor market lets you choose the product and supplier based on your own evaluation of:

• product, features, design, technology ...• company, field support, resources ...• price, warranty, payment terms, ...• salesperson’s friendly smile ...

... you get what you wanted

Summary• To have a wide and open market one needs

- a strong standard

- market-oriented regulatory regime

- voluntary industry arrangements like IOP• It may mean some extra work, but it gives

benefits to all parties• With TETRA is has happened already

At open market the user can choose.

Network builder’s checklist for rules and regulation Risto Toikkanen EADS Secure Networks 28.10.2005 Other laws Standards IPR Licencing Spectrum Approvals.

Documents

tetra rulesfrand

civil tetra

case of pmr

countryfor tetra rel

exclusive pmr channels

khz pmr channels

review of pmr fees

issuing of pmr licences