NERVOUS REGULATION

NERVOUS REGULATION

NERVOUS REGULATIONWHAT ARE ALL THE LIFE PROCESSES?

H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.RWHICH ONES HAVE WE COVERED?

H.N.T.R.S.G.E.WHAT ARE WE UP TO?

R REGULATION / RESPONSEWHAT IS THIS EXACTLY?

THE ENVIRONMENT, BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL, IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING…ORGANISMS MUST RESPOND TO THESE CHANGES AND REGULATE/CONTROL THESE RESPONSES ACCORDINGLY

NERVOUS REGULATIONREGULATING AND

RESPONDING TO CHANGES REQUIRES THE COORDINATION OF EVERY BODY SYSTEM…BUT THE MAJOR ONES TO CONSIDER ARE THE: MUSCULOSKELETAL CHECK NERVOUS CARRY

MESSAGES ENDOCRINE CHEMICAL

MESSAGES

NERVOUS REGULATIONHOW DOES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WORK?

THE PATHWAY OF A MESSAGESTIMULUS RECEPTOR IMPULSE EFFECTOR RESPONSE

DEFINITIONS?STIMULUSRECEPTORIMPULSEEFFECTORRESPONSE

NERVOUS REGULATIONREVIEW QUESTIONS:

FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF:LUNGS ??KIDNEYS ??NERVOUS SYSTEM ??

NEURONS!!!

WHAT’S THE TRICK TO KNOWING HOW SOMETHING FUNCTIONS?

NERVOUS REGULATIONNEURONS

NERVOUS REGULATIONNEURONS

CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON SCHWANN CELLS MYELIN SHEATH TERMINAL BRANCHES

TYPES OF NEURONS SENSORY INTERNEURON MOTOR NEURON

NERVOUS REGULATIONHOW DO NEURONS FIT INTO THE MESSAGE

PATHWAY?STIMULUS RECEPTOR IMPULSE EFFECTOR RESPONSE

NERVOUS REGULATION IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ADJACENT NEURONS NEVER

ACTUALLY TOUCH!! INSTEAD THERE IS ASYNAPSE!!! THE GAP, OR SPACE,

BETWEEN ADJACENTNEURONS

THE MESSAGE MUST BEABLE TO CROSS THIS GAP!!

WE WILL COME BACK TO THIS SHORTLY!!

NERVOUS REGULATIONUNDERSTANDING THE MESSAGE,

OR IMPULSE, INVOLVED IN NERVOUS SYSTEM COMMUNICATION IS VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY COMPLEX!!

NERVOUS REGULATIONTHE NERVE IMPULSE IN SIMPLE

TERMS:A STIMULUS CHANGES THE

PERMEABILITY OF THE CELL MEMBRANE, WHICH THEN ALLOWS SODIUM AND POTASSIUM TO CHANGE SIDES WITH REGARD TO THE MEMBRANE, CHANGING THE RELATIVE “CHARGE”…CREATING AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT TRAVELS DOWN THE CELL

NERVOUS REGULATIONSOME COOL STUFF ABOUT NERVOUS SYSTEM

IMPULSESTHRESHOLDS

REFRACTORY PERIODS

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

DRUGS!!

NERVOUS REGULATION

NERVOUS REGULATIONNERVOUS REGULATION IN PROTISTS

NERVOUS REGULATIONNERVOUS REGULATION IN HYDRAS

CELLS ARE ALLLINKED TOGETHERFORMING A “NERVE NET”

NO FORMAL SYSTEM

NERVOUS REGULATIONNERVOUS REGULATION IN EARTHWORMS

CENTRAL VS.PERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEM

GANGLIAMULTIPLE

NERVE CELLSTHAT FUNCTIONSIMILAR TO A BRAIN

NERVOUS REGULATIONNERVOUS REGULATION IN GRASSHOPPERS

SIMILAR TO EARTHWORM INCORPORATES SOME MORE SPECIAL SENSE

ORGANS (EYES, ANTENNAE)

NERVOUS REGULATIONLET’S GET TO THE GOOD STUFF!!

WHAT ABOUT HUMAN BRAINS?!?!?CHAPTER 15, HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM…HERE

WE COME