Nervous Co Ordination 12th Science

8/3/2019 Nervous Co Ordination 12th Science

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Contents Introduction Nervous system of Cockroach

1) Central Nervous System:a) Brain

b) Sub-oesophageal gangliac) Circum oesophageal connectivesd) Nerve cord

2) Peripheral Nervous System3) Autonomic Nervous System

Human Nervous system

Central Nervous Systema) Brain i) Procencephalonii) Mesencephaloniii) Rhombencephalon

b) Spinal cordPeripheral Nervous System

i) Spinal nerves (31 pairs)ii) Cranial Nerves (12 pairs)

Autonomic Nervous Systemi) Sympathetic N. S.ii) Parasympathetic N. S.

Reflex action Types of receptors

Cockroach brain: Supra-esophageal ganglion:1) Protocerebrum large,2) Deutocerebrum smaller,3) Tritocerebrum

smallest,


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Introduction

Nervous system of Cockroach

1) Central Nervous System:

a) Brain- Supra-esophageal ganglion:

1) Protocerebrum large,

2) Deutocerebrum smaller,

3) Tritocerebrum

smallest,

b) Sub-oesophageal ganglia:

c) Circum oesophageal connectives:

d) Nerve cord:

2) Peripheral Nervous System3) Autonomic Nervous System


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Nervous system of CockroachIt consists ofa) Brain- Supra-esophageal

ganglion:1) Protocerebrum

large,

2) Deutocerebrum smaller,3) Tritocerebrum smallest,

b) Sub-oesophageal ganglia:

c) Circum oesophagealconnectives:

d) Nerve cord:


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Nervous system of Cockroach

1) Central Nervous System:a) Brainb) Sub-oesophageal gangliac) Circum oesophageal connectivesd) Nerve cord

2) Peripheral Nervous System

3) Autonomic Nervous System


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Types of Nervous System


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Human Nervous System

A) Central Nervous System:

1) Brain:

i) Prosencephalon (Fore brain)

a) Rhinencephalon (Olfactory lobe)b) Telencephalon (Cerebrum)

c) Thalamencephalon (Diencephalon)

ii) Mesencephalon (Mid brain)

a) Corpora qadrigemina (Optic lobe)

b) Crura cerebri (Central peduncle)

iii) Rhombencephalon (Hind brain)a) Metencephalon (Cerebellum)

b) Pons verilli

c) Mylencephalon (Medulla oblongata)

2) Spinal cord:

Structure-

Functions-B) Peripheral Nervous System:

a) Cranial nerves (OLOPOT TAF AuG VAH)

b) Spinal nerves (C-8, T-12, L-5, S-5, Cx-1)

c) Autonomic Nervous System

1) Sympathetic ANS2) Parasympathetic ANS


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Human Brain:

It is also called EncephalonIt is 1350 grams in wt. and 1600 cc

vol.It contain 100 billion neuronsEach neuron connect to 25000other neuronsBrain contain 50% neurons and

50% neuroglial (binding /supportive cells)Brain used 20% bodyconsumptionofoxygen, 17% cardiac output and40% glucose.

It is protected in the skullcranium,which is internally linedby 3 layers called meninges.Inside the brain there is cavitycalledventricles.Around the brain and spinal cord

CSF is circulated.


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Lobes of Human brain


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Lobes of cerebrum


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LOBES OF BRAIN


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HUMAN BRAIN


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f b


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Areas of Human brain


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LATERAL VIEW OF BRAIN SHOWING VENTRICALS

l f b


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Ventral view of Human brain


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S it l ti f H b i


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Sagital section of Human brain


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Sagital section of Human brain

S i l i f b i


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Sagital section of brainIt shows different parts of thebrain and additional supportivestructures

Meninges

outer protectivecovering of the brain made upof outer dura middle arachnoidand inner pia matter.

Ventrcles these are the

internal brain cavities, are offour i.e.1st and 2nd are lateral, 3rdand 4th

CSF cerebrospinal fluid,which is secreted in the choroid

plexus and suspended in thespace

S it l ti f b i h i diff t


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Sagital section of brain showing differentlayers of maninges

This section

shows layersof meninges

The brain

lobe havingsubarachnoid

space, whichis filled withcsf.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM-


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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM-

A) Brain-

a) Procencephalon ( Fore brain)

b) Mesencephalon ( Mid brain)

c) Rhombencephalon ( Hind brain)

C) Spinal cord-

It is long elongated thread like, passingthrough the vertebral canal and it is

protected.It carry the information from body parts tothe brain and vice versa

31 pairs of spinal nerves are originated fromthe spinal cord

T S OF SPINAL CORD SHOWING MENINGES


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T.S.OF SPINAL CORD SHOWING MENINGES

T S of Spinal cord


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T.S. of Spinal cord

It consists ofi) Dorsal horn

ii) Ventral horniii) White matteriv) Central canal

v) Grey mattervi) Dorsal root ventral

root

vii) Dorsal root ganglion

Peripheral Nervous System


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Peripheral Nervous SystemIt consists ofA) Cranial Nerve : 12 pairs

I) Olfactory : SensoryII) Optic : Sensory

III) Occulomotor : MotorIV) Trochlear : Motor

V) Trigeminal : MixedVI) Abducens : MotorVII)Facial : MixedVIII)Auditory : Sensory

IX) Glossopharyngeal ; MixedX) Vagus : MixedXI) Acessory : MotorXII)Hypoglossus : Motor

B) Spinal Nerves : 31 pairsi) Cervical 08ii) Thoracic

12

iii) Lumber 05iv) Sacral 05v) Coccygeal - 01

u onom c nervous sys em


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u onom c nervous sys em

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM


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This system has two branches i.e.Sympathetic and Parasympathetic both

working in opposite directions their by

achieving balance of the metabolicactivities

Sympathetic- this is thoraco-lumbar inorigin, presynaptic nerves are short andpost synaptic nerves are long

Parasympathetic

this is cranio-sacralin origin, their presynaptic nerves arelong and post synaptic nerves are short



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Re ex action


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Re ex action

Reflex arc


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Reflex arc

K j k ( i l fl i )


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Knee jerk (simple reflex action)

Re ex action


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Re ex action

T S OF SPINAL CORD AND REFLEX ACTION


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T.S. OF SPINAL CORD AND REFLEX ACTION


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Different centers in the brain and theirfunction

Receptors and Effectors


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Receptors and EffectorsReceptors:Types of Receptors

1) External receptorsi) Mechanoreceptors - Cutaneousii) Chemoreceptors response to chemicaliii) Photoreceptors sensitive to change in intensity and wavelength of

light.iv) Phonoreceptors acousto-receptors / auditory

v) Statoreceptors response to change in equilibriumvi) Telereceptors which receive the stimuli arising from the body

2) Internal receptorsa) Proprioreceptors gives response to change in the position of body

b) Visceroreceptors - enteroreceptorsc) Baroreceptors stretch receptors

Nervous Co Ordination 12th Science

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